Unit at a Glance

Language Focus: Express Opinions,

Express Feelings

Unit 7 Reading Strategy: Visualize

Phonics Focus: Digraphs: th, sh;
Vowel Sounds and Spellings: er, ir, ur
Topic: Then and Now

Then
and Now
Share What You Know
? 1 Act out something you do

Big
Question
What’s the difference
between then and now?
2
with a machine. Let the class guess.
Discuss what people did
before they had that machine.

CHONGQING, CHINA
Reinventing vintage photographs on smartphones
 PART
1 Language Focus Words
to Know
Social Studies Vocabulary
do
not
Express Opinions think Key Words
Listen and sing. How do people talk and share news ?

Call Me
Song

Then Now

computer

I think it would be great

To hear your voice. write a letter write an e-mail
I think it would be great
To hear your voice.
You could write a letter.
read a newspaper read news on
But I think the Internet
The phone is better.
I do not think a letter
Is a good choice.
talk on the phone send a text
Tune: “If You’re Happy and You Know It”
message

Talk Together

Look at the ways we communicate. What’s the

difference between then and now? What do you
think is the best way to communicate?
148 Unit 7 149
 1
PART

Thinking Map Academic Vocabulary

Identify Main Idea and Details More Key Words

Main Idea and Details Diagram

past present future

Write the
People communicate in different ways. main idea
here.

In the past, Today is the In the future,

I was in present. I am I will be in
phone computer letter kindergarten. in first grade. second grade.

Write details that

tell more about
communicate history Talk Together
the main idea.
Make Key Word
cards. Pick one, and
Look for the main idea and details as you use the word in a
listen and read. sentence.

I learn about
People Study history the present by
communicate to learn what watching today’s
by talking and happened long news on TV.
Talk Together writing. ago.

Use gestures to show how you communicate. Your

partner guesses what you are doing. Take turns.
Then add ways you communicate to the chart.
150 Unit 7 151
 1
PART

Phonics Focus

Talk Together
Digraphs: sh, th
Listen and read. Find the words with
the digraphs sh or th.
Over to You

A Different Time
shell feather The class was learning about history. Work with a
partner.
“There were no computers in the past,”
Listen and Learn
Take turns. Point
said their teacher. to a word with
Listen to the picture words. Choose the correct “I’m shocked!” said Shane. “I do not think sh or th. Your
letters to complete each word. partner says the
that can be true.”
word and then
1. 2. “It is,” replied the teacher. “People didn’t spells it.
have the Internet. They read books.”
“How did they send email messages?” asked Sasha.

e m i p “They didn’t,” said the teacher. “They sent

letters. They got their news from
3. 4.
newspapers.”
“At least they didn’t have to
worry about computers breaking
m o e r f i down,” laughed Chico.

Practice reading words with sh and th by

reading “A Different Time” with a partner.
152 Unit 7 153
 Read a History Article
A history article is nonfiction. It describes
what life was like in the past.

Timeline
A timeline shows when things happened.

Communication
1750 1784 1800

first U.S. daily

1837

electric
1876

telephone
1895

radio
1900 1927

television
Then and Now
newspaper telegraph

by Robin Nelson

This timeline shows years.

Reading Strategy
As you read, use the words and pictures to
visualize what things were like in the past.

154 Unit 7 155

 Communication is sharing ideas and news . Communication has changed. Now ,
Most people communicate by talking and writing. people communicate better and faster.
People can use their bodies to communicate, too.

156 Unit 7 157

 Long ago, people made pictures to
tell stories. The pictures could be drawings
or symbols.

There are over 170,000 words in

the English language.

This painting was discovered

in a cave in France. Now , people use words more often
to tell stories.

158 Unit 7 159

 Long ago, people copied each book. Printing presses copy millions of
pages each day.
If they wanted 10 copies of a book, they
had to write out each copy one at a time.

e-book

This book was written with a feather

pen and bottles of ink in 1453. feather pen
Now , machines make printed

ink
books or e-books. Printed books
are made with printing presses. People
read e-books on computers .
160 Unit 7 161
 Long ago, people tapped messages on The telephone was invented in
1876 by Alexander Graham Bell.
telegraph machines. Telegraph machines sent
messages using electricity. It took about a
minute to send each word.

cell phone

cord

The electric telegraph Now , people call each other on telephones.

was invented in 1837.
Most people have cell phones. Long ago,
telephones always needed cords.

162 Unit 7 163

 Long ago, people wrote letters. It could take
months to mail a letter. Mail went on ships and by
horses. Today, mail delivery is done by trucks and
planes so letters are delivered much quicker.

Now , people write e-mails on

People wrote letters using computers . An e-mail message
pens and paper. ink pen
ink
can be delivered in just seconds. e-mail message

Today, many people write e-mail messages

instead of hand-written letters.
164 Unit 7 165
 Many people get newspapers
delivered to them at home.

Newspapers were sold on street corners. This

Now , millions of people read newspapers.
newspaper was sold in New York in 1881.
People can buy printed newspapers.
People can also read newspapers on the
Internet . People all over the world can read
news on the Internet.

Long ago, hundreds of people Internet news

read newspapers. The first United States daily
newspaper was published in 1784. People had
laptop computer
to buy a newspaper to read it.
166 Unit 7 167
 Long ago, people could only listen to Now , people can watch news on
news on radios. Radios only make sounds. televisions.
They do not have pictures. Communication will continue to change.
What do you think will happen next? ❖

The TV was invented in 1927.

The radio was invented in 1895.

168 Unit 7 169

 Communication Timeline

years 1750 1784 1800 1837 1876 1895 1900 1927 1943 1972 1985 2000

inventions first U.S. daily electric telephone radio television computer e-mail first cell
newspaper telegraph phones used

170 Unit 7 171

 1
PART

Think and Respond Reread and Summarize

Talk About It Identify Main Idea and Details

1. How do people communicate ? Add details to show how communication has changed.
People communicate by and . Main Idea and Details Diagram

2. How is communication different now than it

was in the past ? Look back in the text and Communication has changed.
name two details.
Now, people . Then, people .
3. Why is the computer an important invention? Stories Messages News
Then Now Then Now Then Now
People can and on a computer.
Pictures Words

Use your chart to tell how communication

Write About It has changed.
What is your favorite way to “Now, people
communicate? Why? write stories
“Long ago, people
drew stories with with words.”
I like to because .
pictures.”

172 Unit 7 173

 1
PART

Word Work Making Connections You read about

communication now and in the past .
Now read about inventions for the future .
Alphabetize and Use a Dictionary Genre A blog is an Internet journal.
This blog entry is nonfiction. It gives
Words in Alphabetical Order
information about space inventions.
computer
Space Adventures
e-mail https://eltngl.com/reachhigherseries

Internet
radio

Words in alphabetical order are listed by their Space Adventures

first letters. They go in the order of the alphabet. MAIN SCREEN | PICTURES | LINKS | SIGN IN

computer ➤ drive Date: August 21 Search

Building for Space

a C D
b Cc Dd
computer distance
c
d
e
Scientists and engineers design things to LINKS

Space News

g
f
help astronauts explore outer space. They
Astronaut News
h Jim does work on a
i computer. This man runs a long
need to figure out how human beings can
distance.
j
k
live, breathe, and work in space.
l
m
Try It Together
n
o
With a partner, put these words in
p telephone
q
alphabetical order. Use a dictionary
r newspaper
s
book
to find each word’s meaning.
t A model of the International Space Station.
u machine
v
w
174 Unit 7
x
175
y
z
 Space Adventures
https://eltngl.com/reachhigherseries

MAIN SCREEN | PICTURES | LINKS | SIGN IN Scientists are building spaceships that
Search astronauts will fly to the moon and nearby
Space is not like earth. The air is
planets. In the future , there might even
different. Astronauts have to wear special
LINKS be buildings on the moon!
clothing. They bring air to breathe. They
Space News
float around in space. It is fun to watch! Astronaut News

helmet

air to breathe

moon
astronaut

Read More About Astronauts Next

MAIN SCREEN | PICTURES | LINKS | SIGN IN

176 Unit 7 177

 Space Adventures
https://eltngl.com/reachhigherseries Who knows where we will go next? It is
MAIN SCREEN | PICTURES | LINKS | SIGN IN fun to imagine where we will be able to go
Search in the future ! ❖
Spaceships use cameras and
computers to communicate .
LINKS
The computers can send messages
Space News
and pictures back to Earth. Astronaut News

The first spaceship that flew to the

moon did not have enough power for
a long visit. Now , we can make more
powerful spaceships.
Now: This is the design for a new spacecraft called Orion.

Posted by Brian August 24 9:00 a.m.

4 COMMENTS

Older Posts

MAIN SCREEN | PICTURES | LINKS | SIGN IN

Then : The Apollo 11 spaceship in 1969.

178 Unit 7 179
 1
PART

Respond and Extend Grammar and Spelling

Compare Genres Past Tense Verbs

Think about “Communication Then and Now” Verbs can tell about actions that happened in
and “Space Adventures.” How are they alike the past.
and different?
Venn Diagram

past present future

Grammar Rules Past Tense Verbs

history article both blog entry To make a verb about the past: Today people want to build
• in a book • give • on the Internet • Add -ed to the end of a new spaceships. In the past,
information they wanted to build the
• can post a regular verb, like want .
first spaceship.
comment
• Use a special form for an Today people fly to space.
irregular verb, like fly . In the past, they flew to
space for the first time.

Look through the texts. Add to the diagram. Read a Sentence

Read page 162. Find two verbs in the past tense.
Talk Together
Explain their forms.

Think about what you read and learned. What’s the

Write a Sentence
difference between then and now ?
Write a sentence about a time you wanted to
go somewhere new. Read it to a partner.
180 Unit 7 181
 2 Words
PART

Language Focus to Know Social Studies Vocabulary

am
could
Express Feelings feel Key Words
Listen and Sing. Song Old New

New Phon e
Oh, my darling. I am Marta.
My new phone is very small.
I wish I could have my old phone.
It was always on the wall.

My new phone is very modern.

I feel really glad for this.
I wish I could use my new phone,
But I don’t know where it is.
Tune: “My Darling Clementine”

The old record player is fun But the new way to play music
to use. sounds better . It is easier to
carry with you.

Talk Together

How would you feel about listening to music on a

record player? Are new ways always better?
182 Unit 7 183
 2
PART

Thinking Map Academic Vocabulary

Describe Characters’ Feelings More Key Words

Character Description Chart
build invent machine
What the What this Shows
Character Character About How the
Says or Does Character Feels
Marta • I wish I could • unhappy
have my old
phone.
• happy You can build People invent This machine
• I feel very
things with things like the washes dishes.
glad for this.
blocks. telephone.
Write the name Write what the Write how modern tool Talk Together
of the character character says the character
here. or does here. feels here.
Draw a picture of
a Key Word for a
partner to label.

I feel sad that I don’t

have those shoes anymore. This cell phone A dictionary is a
is more modern tool you can use
Talk Together
than the old to look up words.
phone. tool
What do you wish you could have
from the past? Describe your feelings
about it to a partner.

184 Unit 7 185

 2
PART
PART

Phonics Focus

Vowel Sounds and Spellings: er, ir, ur Talk Together

Listen and read. Find the words with the

vowel sound you hear in the word her.
Over to You

fern girl nurse Modern Machines

Tyler pointed to a picture of a modern Work with
machine. “I am glad I don’t live in the past,” a partner.
Listen and Learn Take turns.
he said. “I feel we are lucky. Machines make Choose a word
Listen to each group of words. Choose the two
our lives easier.” with the vowel
words in each group with the vowel sound you sound you hear
“I would like to be the first girl to invent a
hear in the word her. in the word her.
new tool. It would clean up the oceans,” said Use the word
1. turn ton bird Amber. “What would you invent?” in a sentence.
2. better dirt dot “A time machine,” said Tyler. “I want to turn
3. nurse nose purse back the clock just a little bit. Then I could take my
4. stir turn tune math test over. I would get a perfect score!”
5. burn bun burst
6. form firm fur

Read “Modern Machines” with a partner.

Practice reading words with the vowel
sound you hear in the word her.
186 Unit 7 187
 A New
Read a Story
Old
Tune
Realistic fiction has events that are not
real but could happen in real life.

Characters’ Feelings
Look for words that tell you how
characters feel. Then think about why by Pat Cummings
the characters have these feelings. illustrated by
Frank Morrison

feeling word
“I love music just like you do.”

Reading Strategy
As you read, use the words and
pictures to visualize how the
characters feel and why.

188 Unit 7 189

 “What is this, Aunt Nell?” asked Max. “That is a record ,” Aunt Nell said.
He was helping his aunt choose things “I love music just like you do.”
to sell at her yard sale. Aunt Nell pulled out a stack of
“This disk must go into a giant black disks.
computer!” Max said. Aunt Nell shook “Wow,” said Max. “How do
her head. they work?”

190 Unit 7 191

 Aunt Nell opened a dusty, wooden Music filled the attic.
box. She plugged it into the wall. “But you can’t carry it with
“This is my old record player.” you!” Max said.

192 Unit 7 193

 “No one carried music players back then,” “Things change,” Aunt Nell said.
Aunt Nell said. “I played music on this “Television used to be just black and white.”
record player at home. My friends would “You had TV way back then?”
listen, too. Then we would dance together.” Max asked.
“Hey, I’m not that old !” Aunt Nell said.

194 Unit 7 195

 Max and Aunt Nell got back Max saw a picture of a young Aunt
to work. There was an old camera Nell talking on a phone. It had a long,
she wanted to sell. There were curly cord.
photo albums she wanted to keep. “Did you like those old phones better ?”
Max asked.
“No,” Aunt Nell smiled. “Some new
things are much easier to use.”

196 Unit 7 197

 “But some old things are pretty neat,” “Has anything stayed the same?”
Max said. He looked at the record player. asked Max.
“Will you dance with me?” Max asked. “Yes,” said Aunt Nell. “People still
“Yes,” said Aunt Nell. She turned up love to talk on the telephone. And
the music . watch television. And listen to music .”
“And dance!” added Max.

198 Unit 7 199

 “Maybe I’ll keep these old records ,”
Aunt Nell sighed.
Meet the Author
“Or you could burn them onto a
music player,” Max said.
“BURN them?” Aunt Nell gasped.
P t Cummin s
Pat Cummings moved often when she
Max groaned. It was his was young. Her father was in the army.
turn to explain. ❖ She used to draw pictures all the time.
She joined art clubs to meet new friends.

Ms. Cummings writes about things she

knows. She is always thinking about her
next story!

Writing Tip
Pat Cummings helps
readers learn about her
characters’ feelings by
using verbs. Can you
find examples of this in
Pat Cummings
the story?

200 Unit 7 201

 2
PART

Think and Respond Reread and Retell

Talk About It Describe Characters’ Feelings

1. What was Max helping Aunt Nell do? What do Max and Nell say or do? What does
Max was helping Aunt Nell . this show about how they feel?
Character Description Chart
2. How are Max and Aunt Nell the same?
What do they both like? What the What This Shows
Max and Aunt Nell both like . Character Character About How the
Says or Does Character Feels
3. Think about your own photos. Why does Max • Wow • He feels
Aunt Nell want to keep her photo albums? surprised.
• •
Aunt Nell wants to keep them because .

Nell • •

• •
Write About It
What does your family own that is old ?
Use your chart to talk about Max and Nell.
What do you think about it?
Why do they feel like they do?
We have an old . I think it is .

202 Unit 7 203

 2
PART

Word Work
Making Connections You read about old
and new ways to play music . Now read
Alphabetize and Use a Dictionary about old inventions that are still used today.
Genre A poem uses rhyme and rhythm to
Words in Alphabetical Order
describe something in a special way.
machine
message
modern

Invention Poems
These words are in alphabetical order. Each
word begins with the same letter. The second
letter of each word is used to put them in order.
machine ➤ modern

h M
i machine modern

j
k
l
m
n The cell phone is more
This machine washes dishes.
o modern than the old phone.
p
av_hl av_hl
t
av_txt3 av_txt3
u
v

Try It Together
j
k
With a partner, write
l
txt_app_1
these words on
txt_app_1 cell phone
m
cards. Put the wordsav_hl
n av_hl in alphabetical camera
o av_txt3 av_txt3

order.
p Use a dictionary to find the word’s cord
q
meaning.
r Then read your list aloud.
s
204 Unit t7 205
txt_app_1 txt_app_1
 When Curt was older he thought, “I will
Pocket Calculator make a machine to put in my pocket,
by Anna Goy
the one inside my jacket.”
So he invented the portable calculator.
Curt was always the best in his class,
And as if by magic
And the subject he was most interested
his life was easier . ❖
in was Math.
He tried adding with his fingers and toes.
But for big numbers Curt Herzstark was from
he wrote too many zeroes. Austria. He invented the
Curta Calculator in the
1930s. It was the first
calculator that could fit in
one hand—or a pocket!

206 Unit 7 207

 Past and
Present
by Hector Sanchez

When I think about

The present and the past,
I think about machines
That move slow and fast.

Clunky cars used to creep

So super slow,
Now they zip and zoom
And go, go, go! ❖
208 Unit 7 209
 2
PART

Respond and Extend Grammar

Compare Genres Future Tense Verbs

“A New Old Tune” is realistic fiction. “Pocket Some verbs tell about actions that will happen
Calculator” and “Past and Present” are poems. in the future.
Find connections between these texts.

Realistic Fiction Poem past present future

“No one carried music players back then,”

Aunt Nell said. “I played music on this
Pocket Calculator
Grammar Rules Future Tense Verbs
record player at home. My friends would by Anna Goy

listen, too. Then we would dance together.”

Curt was always the best in his class,
To make verbs about the future:
And the subject he was most interested
• Add will before the verb. • He will invent.
in was Math.
He tried adding with his fingers and toes. Add these verbs after the subject
But for big numbers
he wrote too many zeroes. and before the main verb:
• I am going to • He is going to make
• He/She/It is going to a machine.

• They are going to

Read a Sentence
206 Unit 7
194 Unit 7

They both talk about things Does this sentence tell about the future? Explain.
from the past.
I will make a machine to put in my pocket.
Talk Together

Talk about what life was like before machines .

Write a Sentence
Write a sentence about what machines will do in
What is the difference between then and now?
the future. Read it to a partner.
210 Unit 7 211
 Writing Project Language Frames

• The main idea is .

Write as a Friend Plan and Write • I think .
Talk about things from the
Write a Friendly Letter
past with a partner. Draw a picture of one old
What do you know about things from the past?
thing. Write a list of details. Discuss your main
Describe something old you have seen. Write a
idea. Tell your partner what you think about
letter to a friend.
old things.
October 1 Write the main idea. Then write sentences with
Write your
friend’s details. Remember to express your opinion.
name in the Dear Manny,
greeting.
Last week, my dad showed me an old In the body Check Your Work
of the letter, Checklist
phone . The old phone did not have buttons. It tell your
news. This Revise and edit your writing. Think about different
had a dial with numbers. It had holes for your could include
words you can use. Can

a main
Use this checklist. you use compound words,
fingers. idea and
synonyms, or antonyms?

details. Did you use past tense

The next day, I took the phone to school. Finish and Share and future tense verbs
correctly?
We all dialed our phone numbers! I think old Finish your letter. Make sure the Trade work with a partner.
things are fun to use. greeting and other features of a Check for words that
sound alike. Does the word
meaning make sense in
letter are correct. the sentence?
Write a Your friend,
closing and Read your letter to a friend.
sign your Aliya
name. Share your opinions. I think old things
are too slow.

212 Unit 7 213

 Unit

7 Wrap-Up

Talk About It!

?
Big
Question
What’s the
difference between
Interview a Time Traveler
Pretend you are a time traveler.
I am from the past.
then and now? I walk to school. We
You are from the past. What is don’t have a bus.
life like? What do you do? Have
Share Your Ideas the group ask you questions. Then
have another student pretend to be
Think about how we do things now and how we did
from the future. Ask more questions.
things in the past. What’s the difference between then
and now? Choose one of these ways to share your
ideas about the Big Question.

Do It!
Write It!
Make a Telephone
Alphabetize a List Have your teacher make a hole in the bottoms
Write a list of all the Key Words from the unit. of two cans. Put one piece of string through both
Then write the words again in alphabetical order. holes. Tie knots inside the cans to hold the string.
Alphabetize to the first or second letter. Use 3 Pull the cans apart until the string
of the words to write about things you learned is tight. One partner listens while
about the past. the other partner talks.
214 Unit 7 215