AMATH P2 PRACTICE 2

Mathematical Formulae

1. ALGEBRA
Quadratic Equation
For the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ,

− b ± b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a
Binomial Expansion
n n n
(a + b)
n
= a n +   a n −1b +   a n − 2b 2 +  +   a n − r b r +  + b n ,
1  2 r
n n! n ( n − 1) ( n − r + 1)
=
where n is a positive integer and   =
 r  r !( n − r ) ! r!

2. TRIGONOMETRY
Identities
sin 2 A + cos 2 A = 1
sec 2 A = 1 + tan 2 A
cosec 2 A = 1 + cot 2 A
sin (A ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B
cos (A ± B) = cos A cos B  sin A sin B
tan A ± tan B
tan ( A ± B ) =
1  tan A tan B
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A
cos 2A = cos2 A – sin2 A = 2cos2 A – 1 = 1 – 2 sin2 A
2 tan A
tan 2A =
1 − tan 2 A

Formulae for ∆ ABC

a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A

1
∆ = 2
ab sin C
1 Solve the simultaneous equations.
2x + y = 5
y 2 − 6(4 x ) = 10 [4]

2 (a) Find the exact value of cos 75° . [2]

2
 ln 2 x a + b ln 2 x
3 (i) Given that f ( x) = , show that f '( x) = , where a and b are
x x2
constants. [3]
ln 2 x
(ii) Hence, integrate with respect to x. [4]
3x 2

4 (i) The line y = mx + c is a tangent to the curve 2 x 2 + y 2 = 9.

Show that 9m 2 = 2c 2 − 18. [4]

(ii) Find the values of k for which 3 x 2 + 2 x + 2kx + 3 is positive for all values of x.
[4]

5 y
A (1, 8)

D
B (3, 2)

x
C O

The diagram shows a quadrilateral ABCD in which the point A is (1, 8) and the point B
is (3, 2). The point C lies on the x-axis and the point D lies on the perpendicular
bisector of AB. The y-intercept of the diagonal AC is 6. The equation of AD is y = x + 7.

Find
(i) the coordinates of C and of D, [6]
(ii) the area of the quadrilateral ABCD. [2]

6 It is given that ∫ f ( x) dx = 4sin x − 2 cos x + c , where c is a constant of integration.

π
(i) Find the exact value of ∫0
6
f ( x ) dx . [2]

(ii) Find f ( x) . [2]

π
(iii) Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = f ( x) at the point x = . [5]
2

3
 1 + cos 2θ + sin 2θ
7 (a) Prove that = cot θ . [3]
1 − cos 2θ + sin 2θ

(b)

C
8m

P
h
Surface of water level
1m

The diagram shows a water wheel, centre C, used to generate electricity.

Its radius is 8 m long, with its lowest point at 1 m below the surface of the water
level. A point P on the rim of the wheel, starts at the lowest point, and rotates at a
constant rate of 6 revolutions per minute.
The perpendicular height, h m, of P above the surface of the water level, is
modelled by h = −8 cos kt + a , where a and k are constants and t is the time in
seconds.

(i) Find the value of k in radians per second. [1]

(ii) Show that a = 7. [1]
(iii) Find the total length of time in one revolution for which P is
at most 0.5 m away from the surface of the water level. [3]

2 In an experiment on learning patterns, a psychologist recorded the time it took a

6 year-old child to find a hidden piece of chocolate in a series of trials.
The child took 210 seconds to find the chocolate on the first trial and 35.2 seconds on
the third trial. The amount of time taken by the child, T seconds, is modeled by
T = Ae − kn ,
where n is the number of trials and k is a constant.
(i) Find the value of A and of k. [4]
(ii) Find the least number of trials that the child will take to find the piece of chocolate
in less than one second. [2]

4
3 The table shows experimental values of two variables x and y, which are
ax
connected by an equation of the form y = , where a and b are constants.
x+b
x 0.5 2 4 10
y 1.90 4.34 5.53 6.61
y
(i) On graph paper, draw a straight line graph of y against . [2]
x
(ii) Use your graph to estimate the value of a and of b . [3]
(iii) Explain how another straight line drawn on your graph can lead to an estimate of
ax
the solution of the equation = 3x . Draw this line and find the solution. [2]
x+b
6 (i) Prove the identity (1 + cosecθ )(sec θ − tan θ ) = cot θ . [3]
(ii) Find the exact solutions between 0 and 2π which satisfy the equation
(1 + cos ecθ ) 2 (secθ − tan θ ) 2 = 1 − cos ecθ . [5]

3
7 It is given that y =(4 x − 1) 2 x + 3 for x > − .
2
dy ax + b
(i) Express in the form , where a and b are integers. [3]
dx 2x + 3
(ii) Determine the values of x for which y is a decreasing function. [3]

8 (a) Solve the equation 3 log 5 y − 25 log y 5 = 10 . [5]

x
9
(b) Given that 34 x + 2 × 5 x −1 =   ×125, find the exact value of 15 x .
5
Hence evaluate x. [5]

9 The function f ( x) = x 4 + ax 3 + bx 2 − 2 x − 1 , where a and b are constants, is exactly

divisible by x 2 − 1 .
(a) (i) Show that a = 2 and b = 0 . [3]
(ii) Using the values of a and b found in part (i), factorise f ( x) completely. [2]

5
 The curve, y = f ( x) has a stationary point at x = k where k is an integer.
(b) (i) Find the value of k. [3]
(ii) Determine the nature of this stationary point. [2]

10 A particle moves along a straight line so that, t seconds after passing a fixed-point O, its
velocity, v m/s, is given=
by v 24(e − t − 3e −2t ) . Find
(i) the velocity of the particle at O, [1]
(ii) the acceleration of the particle when it is at instantaneous rest, [5]
(iii) the distance travelled by the particle from t = 0 to t = 2 . [5]

11. (i) The equation of a circle C1 is given as 2 x 2 + 2 y 2 + 8 x − 3 y =

−8 . Find the
coordinates of the centre and radius of C1 . [4]
(ii) Find the equation of a circle C2 which passes through the points A (5, 0), B (3, 4)
and has its centre lying on the line 2 y= 4 − x . [6]
(iii) Calculate the shortest distance, from the centre of C1 to the circumference of C2 ,
giving your answer to 2 decimal places. [3]

6
1. 2x + y = 5
2x = 5 − y ……(1)

y 2 − 6(4 x ) = 10 ……(2)
Sub (1) into (2)
y 2 − 6(2 2 x ) = 10
y 2 − 6(5 − y ) 2 = 10
y 2 − 6(25 − 10 y + y 2 ) = 10
− 5 y 2 + 60 y − 160 = 0
y 2 − 12 y + 32 = 0
( y − 8)( y − 4) = 0
y = 8, 4
2 x = −3 ( NA), 1
∴ x = 0, y = 4

Alternative Solution
2x + y = 5
y = 5 − 2x ……(1)

(5 − 2 x ) 2 − 6(2 x ) 2 = 10
25 − 10(2 x ) + (2 x ) 2 − 6(2 x ) 2 = 10
5(2 x ) 2 + 10(2 x ) − 15 = 0
(2 x ) 2 + 2(2 x ) − 3 = 0
(2 x + 3)(2 x − 1) = 0
2 x = −3 (NA), 1
∴ x = 0, y = 4

7
2. (a) cos( A + B ) = cos A cos B − sin A sin B M1 formula with sub
cos(45° + 30°) = cos 45° cos 30° − sin 45° sin 30°
2 3 2 1
cos 75° = × − ×
2 2 2 2

cos 75° =
(
2 3 −1 ) A1(accept
4 equivalence)

(5 marks)

3. (i) ln 2 x
f ( x) =
x
1
x ⋅ ⋅ 2 − ln 2 x
f '( x) = 2 x 2
x
1 − ln 2 x
= (shown)
x2
(ii) 1 − ln 2 x 1 ln 2 x
∫ x2 = dx ∫ 2 − 2 dx
x x
1 − ln 2 x 1 ln 2 x
∫ x 2 dx − ∫ x 2 dx = − ∫ 2 dx
x
ln 2 x 1 ln 2 x
∫ 3x 2 dx= ∫ 3x 2 dx − 3x + C
ln 2 x ln 2 x 1
∫ 3x 2 dx = −
3x
− +C
3x
(ii) Alternative Solution
ln 2 x 1 ln 2 x
∫ 3x 2 dx = 3 ∫ x 2 dx
1 1 ln 2 x 1
= − ∫ 2 − 2 − 2 dx
3 x x x
1 1 ln 2 x 1
= − ∫ 2 − 2 dx + ∫ 2 dx
3 x x 3x
ln 2 x 1
= − − +C
3x 3x

4. (i) 2x2 + y2 = 9
y = mx + c
2 x 2 + (mx + c) 2 = 9
2 x 2 + m 2 x 2 + 2mcx + c 2 − 9 = 0
(2 + m 2 ) x 2 + 2mcx + (c 2 − 9) = 0
(2mc) 2 − 4(2 + m 2 )(c 2 − 9) = 0

8
 4m 2 c 2 − 4(2 + m 2 )(c 2 − 9) = 0
72 − 8c 2 + 36m 2 = 0
9m 2 = 2c 2 − 18

(ii) 3 x 2 + x ( 2 + 2k ) + 3 > 0
min curve, no real roots , Discriminant < 0
(2 + 2k ) 2 − 4(3)(3) < 0
4 + 8k + 4k 2 − 36 < 0
k 2 + 2k − 8 < 0
(k + 4)(k − 2) < 0
−4< k < 2

Alternative Solution
4(1 + k ) 2 − 4(3)(3) < 0
(1 + k + 3)(1 + k − 3) < 0
(k + 4)(k − 2) < 0
−4< k < 2

9
5. (i) 0−6 6−8
=
x − 0 0 −1
−6
x= = −3
2
C is (–3, 0)
1+ 3 8 + 2 
Midpoint MAB =  , 
 2 2 
= (2, 5)
8−2
Gradient mAB = = −3
1− 3
1
m⊥=
3
y = mx + c
1
5 = (2) + c
3
13
c=
3

1 13
y= x+ …(1)
3 3
y=x+7 …(2)
x = –4
y=3
D is (–4, 3)

(ii) 11 −4 −3 3 1
Area =
28 3 0 2 8
1
= [(3 + 0 − 6 + 24 ) − (− 32 − 9 + 0 + 2 )]
2
= 30 sq. units

10
6. (i) π π

∫0
6
f=
( x)dx [ 4sin x − 2 cos x ]06
 π π
=  4sin − 2 cos  − [ 4sin 0 − 2 cos 0]
 6 6
=  2 − 3  − [ 0 − 2]

= 4− 3
(ii) d
=f ( x)( 4sin x − 2 cos x )
dx
= 4 cos x + 2sin x

(iii) =y 4 cos x + 2sin x

dy
−4sin x + 2 cos x
=
dx
π
When x = ,
2
y = 0+2
=2
dy
= −4 + 0
dx
−4

Equation of Normal,
y = mx + c
1
m=
4
1 π 
2=  +c
4 2 
π
c = 2−
8
1 π 1
∴Equation of normal is y = x + 2 − or y = x + 1.61
4 8 4

11
7. (a) 1 + cos 2θ + sin 2θ
LHS =
1 − cos 2θ + sin 2θ
1 + 2 cos 2 θ − 1 + 2 sin θ cos θ
=
( )
1 − 1 − 2 sin 2 θ + 2 sin θ cos θ
2 cos θ + 2 sin θ cos θ
2
=
2 sin 2 θ + 2 sin θ cos θ
2 cos θ (cos θ + sin θ )
=
2 sin θ (sin θ + cos θ )
cos θ
=
sin θ
= cot θ

(b) 6 rev per min = 60 seconds

(i) 1 rev per 10 seconds
2π
k=
10
π
k = rad/s
5
(ii) Sub t = 0 and h = –1,
− 1 = −8 + a
a=7
or

(iii) πt πt
0.5 = −8 cos +7 or − 0.5 = −8 cos +7
5 5
πt πt
8 cos = 6.5 8 cos
= 7.5
5 5
πt 6.5 πt 7.5
cos = cos =
5 8 5 8
RA = 0.62236 RA = 0.35542
πt
= 0.62236, 5.66082, 0.35542, 5.92776
5
t = 0.99051, 9.00947, 0.56566, 9.43433
Length of time
= (0.99051 – 0.56566) + (9.43433 – 9.00947)
= 0.85004
= 0.850 seconds

12
2 (i) T = Ae − kn
When n = 1, 210 = Ae − k ……(1)
When n = 3, 35.2 = Ae −3k ……(2)
210
(1)÷(2) = e2k
35.2
1  210 
k = ln 
2  35.2 
= 0.89303
≈ 0.893
1  210 
210 ln  
A = 1  210 
or 210e 2  35.2 
− ln  
2  35.2 
e
= 512.92
≈ 513

(ii) When T = 1, 512.92e −0.89303n = 1

e 0.89303n = 512.92
0.89303n = ln 512.92
n = ln 512.92
0.89303
= 6.99
The least number of trials = 7

3(i) y 1.90 4.34 5.53 6.61

y
3.80 2.17 1.38 0.661
x
3(ii) ax
y=
x+b
yx + yb = ax
 y
y +  b = a
x
 y
y = (− b )  + a
x
Y = mX + c

1.90 − 7.6
m= = −1.50
3.80 − 0
− b = −1.50
b = 1.50

c = 7.6
a = 7.6
3(iii) ax
= 3x
x+b
y = 3x

13
 y
Draw =3
x
When X = 3, Y = 3.1
3.1
∴x =
3
(i) x = 1 . 03 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
(ii) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥+𝑏𝑏
0.5 2 4 10
1.90 4.34 5.53 6.61 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
𝑦𝑦
3.80 2.17 1.38 0.661 𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑏𝑏 �𝑥𝑥 � = 𝑎𝑎
B1 points
B1 best fit line with appropriate scale 𝑦𝑦
𝑦𝑦 = −𝑏𝑏 �𝑥𝑥 � + 𝑎𝑎 M1 conversion

𝑌𝑌 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑐𝑐
3.80 − 7.60
𝑚𝑚 =
1.90 − 0
−𝑏𝑏 = −1.50
𝑏𝑏 = 1.50 A1

𝑐𝑐 = 7.60
𝑎𝑎 = 7.60 A1

𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
(iii) = 3𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥+𝑏𝑏
𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦
Draw line 𝑥𝑥 = 3 B1 equation and draw line
At intersection point,
𝑦𝑦 = 3.1
3.1
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = 3
= 1.03 A1
14
6(i) (1 + cosecθ )(sec θ − tan θ )
 1  1 sin θ 
= 1 +  − 
 sin θ  cos θ cos θ 
 sin θ + 1  1 − sin θ 
=  
 sin θ  cos θ 
=
(1 − sin θ )(1 + sin θ )
sin θ cos θ
1 − sin 2 θ
=
sin θ cos θ
cos 2 θ
=
sin θ cos θ
cos θ
=
sin θ
= cot θ
6(ii) (1 + cos ecθ ) 2 (secθ − tan θ ) 2 = 1 − cos ecθ
cot 2 θ = 1 − cosecθ
cosec 2θ − 1 = 1 − cosecθ
cosec 2θ + cosecθ − 2 = 0
(cosecθ + 2 )(cosecθ − 1) = 0
cosecθ = −2 or cosecθ = 1
1
sin θ = − or sin θ = 1
2
𝜋𝜋
Ref∠ = 6
7𝜋𝜋 11𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
𝜃𝜃 = 6
, 6
𝜃𝜃 = 2

7(i) y=(4 x − 1) 2 x + 3
dy 1 1
( 4 x − 1) ⋅ ( 2 x + 3)
−
= 2 ⋅ 2 + 2x + 3 ⋅ 4
dx 2
4x −1
= + 4 2x + 3
2x + 3
4 x − 1 + 8 x + 12
=
2x + 3
12 x + 11
=
2x + 3

7(ii) For decreasing function,

15
 dy
<0
dx
12 x + 11
<0
2x + 3
12 x + 11 < 0 since 2 x + 3 > 0
11
x<−
12
3 11
∴ y is decreasing for, − <x<− .
2 12

8 (a) 3 log 5 y − 25 log y 5 = 10

25 log5 5
3 log5 y − = 10
log5 y
Let t = log5 y .
25
3t − = 10
t
3t 2 − 10t − 25 = 0
(3t + 5)(t − 5) = 0
5
t=− , 5
3
5
log 5 y = − , 5
3
5
−
y = 5 3 , 55
= 0.0684, 3125

34 x (9) × 5 x 9 x × 125
(b) =
5 5x
92 x 125 × 5
x
× 5x × 5x =
9 9
625
32 x × 5 2 x =
9
625
152 x =
9
25
15 x > 0 , ∴ 15 x =
3
25
x lg 15 = lg
3
x = 0.783

16
9(a) (i) x 2 − 1 = ( x + 1)( x − 1)
f (1) = 0
1+ a + b − 2 −1 = 0
a+b = 2 ……(1)

f (−1) = 0
1− a + b + 2 −1 = 0
− a + b = −2 ……(2)

(1)+(2) 2b = 0
b=0
a=2

(ii) Let f ( x) = x 4 + ax 3 + bx 2 − 2 x − 1 = ( x 2 − 1)( x 2 + Bx + 1)

Comparing coefficient of x, −B = −2
B=2
2 2
f ( x) = ( x − 1)( x + 2 x + 1)
= ( x − 1)( x + 1)3

9(b) (i) y = ( x − 1)( x + 1)3

dy
= ( x + 1)3 (1) + ( x − 1)(3)( x + 1) 2
dx
= ( x + 1) 2 ( x + 1 + 3 x − 3)
= 2( x + 1) 2 (2 x − 1)
dy
When = 0, 2( x + 1) 2 (2 x − 1) = 0
dx
1
x = −1,
2
∴k = −1

(ii) x −1− −1 −1+

dy
− 0 −
dx
Slope \  \
Hence, the stationary point is a point of inflexion.

10(i)=v 24(e − t − 3e −2t )

= 24(e0 − 3e0 )
= −48 m/s

17
10(ii)=v 24e − t − 72e −2t
At rest, v = 0
=0 24e − t − 72e −2t
72 24
=
e 2 t et
et = 3
t = ln 3
dv
acceleration,=
dt
( 24e −t
⋅ −1) − ( 72e −2t ⋅ −2 )

−24e − t + 144e −2t

=
−24e − ln 3 + 144e −2ln 3
=
= 8 m/s 2
10(iii)
∫ 24e − 72e −2t dt
−t
= s
=−24e − t + 36e −2t + C
When t = 0, s = 0
0=−24e −0 + 36e −0 + C
C = −12
∴ s =−24e − t + 36e −2t − 12

When t = ln 3 ,
s=−24e − ln 3 + 36e −2ln 3 − 12
=−8 + 4 − 12
= −16
When t = 2 ,
s= −24e −2 + 36e −4 − 12
= −14.58868
distance travelled =16 + (16 − 14.58868 )
= 17.41131
≈ 17.4 m (3 s.f.)

18
(i)
2 x2 + 2 y 2 + 8x − 3 y =
−8
3
x2 + 4x + y 2 − y + 4 = 0
2
3
Centre is (−2, )
4
2
 3 3
Radius is (2) 2 +  −  − 4 =
 4 4
(ii)
Midpoint of AB = (4, 2)
4−0
Grad of AB = = −2
3−5
1
So, grad of perpendicular bisector =
2
Eqn of perpendicular bisector is
1
y − 2= ( x − 4)
2
1
y= x
2
Solving sim,
1 
2  x = 4 − x
2 
x+x = 4
x=2
y =1
Centre is (2, 1)
Radius = (2 − 5) 2 + (1 − 0) 2 =10
So, equation is ( x − 2) 2 + ( y − 1) 2 =
10
(iii) Distance between centres is
2
2  3 1
(2 − (−2)) + 1 −  = 16
 4 16
Shortest dist is
1
16 − 10
16
= 0.85 units (2dp)

OR

(1) Find equation of line connecting center of C1 and

C2
(2) Substitute (1) into equation of C2
(3) Find the coordinates of points of intersection
(4) Use coordinates in (3) with center of C1 to find

19
distance

20