Math 3201 Chapter 6 Review

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which of the following is an exponential function?

A. f(x) = x2
B. g(x) = (–1)x
C. h(x) = 17x
D. j(x) = 23 – x
____ 2. Match the following graph with its function.
y

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 x
–1

–2

–3

–4

–5

A. y = 3(0.5)x
B. y = 2(1.25)x
C. y = 0.5(3)x
D. y = 2(0.75)x
____ 3. Match the following graph with its function.
y

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 x
–1

–2

–3

–4

–5

A. y = 3(0.5)x
B. y = 2(1.25)x
C. y = 0.5(3)x
D. y = 2(0.75)x
____ 4. Identify the range of the exponential function y = 10x.

A. {y | y < 0, y  R}
B. {y | y > 0, y  R}
C. {y | y  0, y  R}
D. {y | y  R}

____ 5. Determine the y-intercept of the exponential function f(x) = .

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 4

____ 6. Which option best describes the behaviour of the exponential function f(x) = ?

A. increasing because a > 1

B. decreasing because 0 < a < 1
C. increasing because b > 1
D. decreasing because 0 < b < 1

___ 7. Express as a power with a base of 2.

A.
B.
C.
D.

____ 8. Express as a power with a base of 3.

A.
B.
C.
D.
____ 9. Solve the following exponential equation by writing both sides with the same base.

A. x=2
B. x=3
C. x=4
D. x=5
____ 10. Solve the following exponential equation by writing both sides with the same base.

A. z=7
B. z=8
C. z=9
D. z = 10
____ 11. The population of a specific bacteria growing in a Petri dish is modelled by the function

where P(t) represents the number of bacteria and t represents the time, in days, after the initial time.
How long does it take for the population to double?

A. 1 day
B. 2 days
C. 3 days
D. 9 days
____ 12. The following data set involves exponential growth. Determine the missing value from
the table.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 0.16 0.40 1.00 2.50 15.63 39.06

A. 6.25
B. 5.00
C. 7.50
D. 8.75
____ 13. Determine the equation of the exponential regression function for the data.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 74.8 60.2 47.8 38.3 30.8 24.4

A. y = 75(0.8)x
B. y = 75(1.6)x
C. y = 60(0.8)x
D. y = 60(1.6)x
____ 14. A scatter plot is drawn using a data set.
y
100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x

Identify the equation of the curve of best fit.

A. y = 12(1.3)x
B. y = 12(0.3)x
C. y = 4(1.5)x
D. y = 4(0.5)x
____ 15. The equation of the exponential function that models a data set is
y = 6.8(1.03)x
Determine the range of this function.

A. {y | y > 0, y  R}
B. {y | y  R}
C. {y | y > 6.8, y  R}
D. {y | y > 1.03, y  R}
____ 16. An investment can be modelled by the following growth function, where x represents the
time in years:
y = 2500(1.018)x
What was the principal invested?

A. $1250
B. $2500
C. $18
D. $1018
____ 17. An investment can be modelled by the following growth function, where x represents the
time in years:
y = 2500(1.018)x
What was the annual interest rate for the investment?

A. 25%
B. 1.018%
C. 18%
D. 1.8%
 ____ 18. Eli invested $1000 at 3%/a compounded quarterly.
Define an exponential growth function for this investment in the form
A(n) = P(1 + i)n
where n represents the number of compounding periods.

A. A(n) = 1000(1.003)n
B. A(n) = 1000(1.0075)n
C. A(n) = 1000(1.03)n
D. A(n) = 4000(1.03)n
____ 19. Denis recently spent $1280 on a new laptop for his home business. He read that the
depreciation rate for this model laptop is 25%.
How much money should Denis expect to sell his laptop for in three years?

A. $540
B. $960
C. $320
D. $740

Short Answer

1. All exponential functions of the form f(x) = a(b)x, where a > 0, b > 0, and b  1 extend from quadrant II
to quadrant I.
Describe the end behaviour of the exponential function g(x) = –5(2)x.

2. Sketch the exponential function f(x) = .

3. Solve the following exponential equation by writing both sides with the same base.

4. Solve the following exponential equation by writing both sides with the same base.

5. A research lab has a 12 mg sample of a radioactive substance. The amount of the substance, A(t), left in
the sample can be modelled by the half-life function

where t represents the time, in days, after the initial time.

How long does it take for the sample to reduce to one quarter its initial amount?

6. Determine whether the following data set involves exponential growth, exponential decay, or neither.
Explain how you know.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 5 15 45 135 405 1215

7. The fish population in Loon Lake is modelled by the equation

P(t) = 2500(0.92)t
where P(t) represents the number of fish and t represents the time, in years, since 2010.
Estimate the fish population in 2030.
 8. Complete the table of values for a $350 investment earning 2.5%/a compounded monthly.

Time (months) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Value ($) 350.00 350.73

9. An investment can be modelled by the following growth function, where x represents the time in years:
y = 775(1.024)x
What was the annual interest rate for the investment?

10. Nevia invested $3000 at 1.3%/a compounded weekly.

Define an exponential growth function for this investment in the form
A(n) = P(1 + i)n
where n represents the number of compounding periods.

11. Pavendeep recently spent $16 500 on a new car. He read that the depreciation rate for this model of car
is 14%.
How much money is Pavendeep’s car worth in 6 years?

Problem

1. Which exponential function matches each graph below? Provide your reasoning.

i) iii)

iv)
ii)

a) b)
y y

5 5

4 4

3 3

2 2

1 1

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 x –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 x
–1 –1

–2 –2

–3 –3

–4 –4

–5 –5

2. A vehicle was purchased for $15 000 in 2005. The book value of the vehicle can be modelled by the
exponential function

where y represents the value in dollars and x represents the time, in years, after 2005.
a) How does the value of the vehicle change over time? Explain how you know.
b) Estimate the value of the vehicle in 2015. Show your work.
3. Use what you know about the exponential function to predict the number of x-intercepts, the
y-intercept, the end behaviour, the domain, and the range of the following function:

4. Solve the equation and verify your answer by substitution. Show your work.

5. Solve the equation and verify your answer by substitution. Show your work.

6. Thorium-227 has a half-life of 18.4 days. The remaining amount of a 50-mg sample of thorium-227 can
be modelled by the equation

where A(t) is the amount of thorium-227 remaining, in milligrams, and t is the time in days.
a) Determine the amount of thorium-227 remaining after 10 days, to the nearest milligram. Show your
work.
b) Determine the amount of thorium-227 remaining after 100 days, to the nearest tenth of a milligram.
Show your work.

7. Rodrigo put $1800 into a bank account that pays compound interest semi-annually. His bank gave him
figures for the first two years of his investment, as shown below.
Compounding
Period Value ($)
0 1800.00
1 1832.40
2 1865.38
3 1898.98
4 1933.14

a) Use a graphing calculator to determine an exponential growth function that models the growth of his
investment.
b) What is the annual interest rate that is being paid on the account? Explain.
c) How long, in months, will it take for Rodrigo’s investment to grow to $2000? Show your work.
 Math 3201 Chapter 6 Review
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.1

OBJ: 6.1 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an exponential or logarithmic
function by analyzing its graph.
TOP: Exploring the characteristics of exponential functions KEY: exponential function
2. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.2
OBJ: 6.1 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an exponential or logarithmic
function by analyzing its graph. | 6.2 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an
exponential or logarithmic function by analyzing its equation. | 6.3 Match equations in a given set
to their corresponding graphs.
TOP: Relating the characteristics of an exponential function to its equation
KEY: exponential function
3. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.2
OBJ: 6.1 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an exponential or logarithmic
function by analyzing its graph. | 6.2 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an
exponential or logarithmic function by analyzing its equation. | 6.3 Match equations in a given set
to their corresponding graphs.
TOP: Relating the characteristics of an exponential function to its equation
KEY: exponential function
4. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.2
OBJ: 6.1 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an exponential or logarithmic
function by analyzing its graph. | 6.2 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an
exponential or logarithmic function by analyzing its equation. | 6.3 Match equations in a given set
to their corresponding graphs.
TOP: Relating the characteristics of an exponential function to its equation
KEY: exponential function
5. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.2
OBJ: 6.1 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an exponential or logarithmic
function by analyzing its graph. | 6.2 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an
exponential or logarithmic function by analyzing its equation. | 6.3 Match equations in a given set
to their corresponding graphs.
TOP: Relating the characteristics of an exponential function to its equation
KEY: exponential function
6. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.2
OBJ: 6.1 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an exponential or logarithmic
function by analyzing its graph. | 6.2 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an
exponential or logarithmic function by analyzing its equation. | 6.3 Match equations in a given set
to their corresponding graphs.
TOP: Relating the characteristics of an exponential function to its equation
KEY: exponential function
 7. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.3
OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. TOP: Solving exponential equations KEY: exponential function
8. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.3
OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. TOP: Solving exponential equations KEY: exponential function
9. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.3
OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. TOP: Solving exponential equations KEY: exponential function
10. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.3
OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. TOP: Solving exponential equations KEY: exponential function
11. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.3
OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. TOP: Solving exponential equations KEY: exponential function
12. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.4
OBJ: 6.4 Graph data and determine the exponential or logarithmic function that best
approximates the data. | 6.5 Interpret the graph of an exponential or logarithmic function that
models a situation, and explain the reasoning. | 6.6 Solve, using technology, a contextual problem
that involves data that is best represented by graphs of exponential or logarithmic functions, and
explain the reasoning. TOP: Modelling data using exponential functions
KEY: exponential function
13. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.4
OBJ: 6.4 Graph data and determine the exponential or logarithmic function that best
approximates the data. | 6.5 Interpret the graph of an exponential or logarithmic function that
models a situation, and explain the reasoning. | 6.6 Solve, using technology, a contextual problem
that involves data that is best represented by graphs of exponential or logarithmic functions, and
explain the reasoning. TOP: Modelling data using exponential functions
KEY: exponential function
14. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.4
OBJ: 6.4 Graph data and determine the exponential or logarithmic function that best
approximates the data. | 6.5 Interpret the graph of an exponential or logarithmic function that
models a situation, and explain the reasoning. | 6.6 Solve, using technology, a contextual problem
that involves data that is best represented by graphs of exponential or logarithmic functions, and
explain the reasoning. TOP: Modelling data using exponential functions
KEY: exponential function | regression function | curve of best fit
15. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.4
OBJ: 6.4 Graph data and determine the exponential or logarithmic function that best
approximates the data. | 6.5 Interpret the graph of an exponential or logarithmic function that
models a situation, and explain the reasoning. | 6.6 Solve, using technology, a contextual problem
that involves data that is best represented by graphs of exponential or logarithmic functions, and
 explain the reasoning. TOP: Modelling data using exponential functions
KEY: exponential function | regression function
16. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.5
OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. | 5.3 Solve problems that involve the application of exponential equations to loans,
mortgages and investments.
TOP: Financial applications involving exponential functions
KEY: exponential function | principal
17. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.5
OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. | 5.3 Solve problems that involve the application of exponential equations to loans,
mortgages and investments.
TOP: Financial applications involving exponential functions KEY: exponential function
18. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.5
OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. | 5.3 Solve problems that involve the application of exponential equations to loans,
mortgages and investments.
TOP: Financial applications involving exponential functions
KEY: exponential function | compounding period
19. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.5
OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. | 5.3 Solve problems that involve the application of exponential equations to loans,
mortgages and investments.
TOP: Financial applications involving exponential functions
KEY: exponential function | depreciation

SHORT ANSWER

1. ANS:
The curve extends from quadrant III to quadrant IV.

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.1

OBJ: 6.1 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an exponential or logarithmic
function by analyzing its graph.
TOP: Exploring the characteristics of exponential functions
KEY: exponential function | end behaviour
2. ANS:
 y

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 x
–1

–2

–3

–4

–5

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.2

OBJ: 6.1 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an exponential or logarithmic
function by analyzing its graph. | 6.2 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an
exponential or logarithmic function by analyzing its equation. | 6.3 Match equations in a given set
to their corresponding graphs.
TOP: Relating the characteristics of an exponential function to its equation
KEY: exponential function
3. ANS:
y=3

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.3

OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. TOP: Solving exponential equations KEY: exponential function
4. ANS:
a=

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.3

OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. TOP: Solving exponential equations KEY: exponential function
5. ANS:
17 days

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.3

OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. TOP: Solving exponential equations
KEY: exponential function | half-life
6. ANS:
Exponential growth; the y-values are tripling for every increase in the x-value.
 PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.4
OBJ: 6.4 Graph data and determine the exponential or logarithmic function that best
approximates the data. | 6.5 Interpret the graph of an exponential or logarithmic function that
models a situation, and explain the reasoning. | 6.6 Solve, using technology, a contextual problem
that involves data that is best represented by graphs of exponential or logarithmic functions, and
explain the reasoning. TOP: Modelling data using exponential functions
KEY: exponential function
7. ANS:
472

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.4

OBJ: 6.4 Graph data and determine the exponential or logarithmic function that best
approximates the data. | 6.5 Interpret the graph of an exponential or logarithmic function that
models a situation, and explain the reasoning. | 6.6 Solve, using technology, a contextual problem
that involves data that is best represented by graphs of exponential or logarithmic functions, and
explain the reasoning. TOP: Modelling data using exponential functions
KEY: exponential function | regression function
8. ANS:

Time (months) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Value ($) 350.00 350.73 351.46 352.19 352.93 353.66

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.5

OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. | 5.3 Solve problems that involve the application of exponential equations to loans,
mortgages and investments.
TOP: Financial applications involving exponential functions KEY: exponential function
9. ANS:
2.4%

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.5

OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. | 5.3 Solve problems that involve the application of exponential equations to loans,
mortgages and investments.
TOP: Financial applications involving exponential functions KEY: exponential function
10. ANS:
A(n) = 3000(1.000 25)n

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.5

OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. | 5.3 Solve problems that involve the application of exponential equations to loans,
mortgages and investments.
 TOP: Financial applications involving exponential functions
KEY: exponential function | compounding period
11. ANS:
$6675.36

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.5

OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. | 5.3 Solve problems that involve the application of exponential equations to loans,
mortgages and investments.
TOP: Financial applications involving exponential functions
KEY: exponential function | depreciation

PROBLEM

1. ANS:
Graph a) is increasing and has a y-intercept of 4. That means it must have b > 1 and a = 4.

The only function with those characteristics is .

Graph b) is a decreasing function and has a y-intercept of 2. That means it must have
0 < b < 1 and a = 2.

The only function with those characteristics is .

a) i
b) iii

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.2

OBJ: 6.1 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an exponential or logarithmic
function by analyzing its graph. | 6.2 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an
exponential or logarithmic function by analyzing its equation. | 6.3 Match equations in a given set
to their corresponding graphs.
TOP: Relating the characteristics of an exponential function to its equation
KEY: exponential function
2. ANS:
a) The value is decreasing because the constant term is positive and the base is between 0 and 1.

b) 2015 is ten years after 2005, so x = 10:

The value of the vehicle in 2015 is about $2061.72.

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.2

 OBJ: 6.1 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an exponential or logarithmic
function by analyzing its graph. | 6.2 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an
exponential or logarithmic function by analyzing its equation. | 6.3 Match equations in a given set
to their corresponding graphs.
TOP: Relating the characteristics of an exponential function to its equation
KEY: exponential function
3. ANS:

The function has the same decreasing shape as the function , but is 5 units
higher on the y-axis. They will have many similar characteristics.
Number of x-intercepts: 0
End behaviour: The curve extends from quadrant II to quadrant I.
Domain: {x | x  R}
The range will be 5 units greater than the range of the original function.
Range: {y | y > 5, y  R}

y-intercept: 6

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.2

OBJ: 6.1 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an exponential or logarithmic
function by analyzing its graph. | 6.2 Describe, orally and in written form, the characteristics of an
exponential or logarithmic function by analyzing its equation. | 6.3 Match equations in a given set
to their corresponding graphs.
TOP: Relating the characteristics of an exponential function to its equation
KEY: exponential function
4. ANS:
Rewrite both sides as powers of 8:

Since the bases on both sides are both 8, the exponents must also be equal:

Verify x = 2:
LS RS
 3072

LS = RS

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.3

OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. TOP: Solving exponential equations KEY: exponential function
5. ANS:
Rewrite both sides as powers of 2:

Since the bases on both sides are both 2, the exponents must also be equal:

Verify x = 4:
LS RS

LS = RS

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.3

OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. TOP: Solving exponential equations KEY: exponential function
6. ANS:
a) After 10 days, t = 10.
 After 10 days, 34 mg of thorium-227 are remaining.

b) After 100 days, t = 100.

After 100 days, 1.2 mg of thorium-227 are remaining.

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.3

OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. TOP: Solving exponential equations
KEY: exponential function | half-life
7. ANS:
a)

The exponential regression function is:

y = 1800(1.018)x
where y is the value and x is the number of compounding periods.

b) From the regression function, the interest is 0.018 or 1.8% per compounding period.
2(1.8%) = 3.6%
The annual interest rate is 3.6%.

c)
Using the curve of best fit, the investment reaches $2000 after 5.9 compounding periods.
6(5.9) = 35.4
The investment will grow to $2000 in about 35 months.

PTS: 1 DIF: Grade 12 REF: Lesson 6.5

OBJ: 5.1 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are powers of one
another. | 5.2 Determine the solution of an exponential equation in which the bases are not powers
of one another. | 5.3 Solve problems that involve the application of exponential equations to loans,
mortgages and investments.
TOP: Financial applications involving exponential functions
KEY: exponential function | compounding period | principal