PWV Region

Core Industrial Areas of South Africa

Region Factors favouring location Factors hindering Main industrial
development activities
Gauteng - PWV Transport - Dense network of roads  Overuse of water  Chemical
and railways from Vaal river  Iron and steel
 Pollution  Metal processing
Labour - Dense population-larger
 Great distance from  Explosives
labour force
ports
Raw materials – Gold, Iron ore, Maize,
Platinum
Water - Eastern half- receives
adequate rainfall Vaal river water
supplemented by TUVA water transfer
scheme
Electricity - Cheap since coal is mined
here- Short distance from source
Relief - On Highveld where land is flat
Market - Dense population
resulting in high demand for
goods High buying power
South Western Market- High purchasing power Electricity is  Food processing
expensive
Cape  Textiles
Coastal- access to large overseas
since coal fields are far  Fish and fruit
markets
away canning
Transport  Wine
Water shortages-
located on  Petrol refineries
Table bay for overseas trade
the western half that
Dense railway network for local links
receives less rainfall
Labour: Dense population of skilled
Few mineral resources
and unskilled
Raw materials:
• Deciduous fruit
• Grape
• Fish
Relief: Flat land
Activity 1
November 2018
FIGURE 4.5: PWV/GAUTENG INDUSTRIAL REGION

GAUTENG TO REMAIN DOMINANT IN SA ECONOMY UNTIL 2017

By Leandi Kolver

Gauteng continued to dominate the South African economy, contributing nearly 35%
to the national gross domestic product, until at least 2017. It is noted that Gauteng's
provincial economy was 75% and was made up of tertiary sector industries, including
trade, transport, finance and community services. The province was also regarded
as the natural destination for international investors wishing to establish a
springboard into Africa.

The PWV/Gauteng Industrial Region's diversified manufacturing sector produced

more than 50% of South Africa's manufactured exports. The PWV/Gauteng Industrial
Region has a number of copper-processing industries, which is supported by raw
materials from the Phalaborwa SDI. The diversified manufacturing sector, including
copper, will face major challenges in the next three years, including challenges
related to energy provision, labour, underinvestment in capital equipment and
technology.

[Adapted from http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/gauteng-to-remain-dominant-sa-economy-

until-2017-2014-05-14/rep_id:4136]

4.5 Read the extract in FIGURE 4.5 based on the PWV/Gauteng Industrial
Region.
4.5.1 Quote evidence from the article to support the statement that the
PWV/Gauteng Industrial Region is a core industrial region. (1 x 1) (1)

4.5.2 Discuss ONE factor that has contributed to the PWV/Gauteng Industrial
Region being a preferred destination for international investors. (1 x 2) (2)

4.5.3 Gauteng's manufacturing sector is a major market for copper.

(a) Why is the Phalaborwa SDI the main supplier of copper to Gauteng? (2)

(b) How will the Phalaborwa SDI benefit from strengthening its trading
links with Gauteng? (1 x 2) (2)

4.5.4 Write a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines explaining how energy

provision and labour will become major challenges that the
PWV/Gauteng Industrial Region will experience in the processing of
copper in the next three years. (4 x 2) (8)
Activity 2

3.5 Refer to FIGURE 3.5 showing statistics relating to Western Cape export
products.
3.5.1 Name ONE product in FIGURE 3.5 representing the primary and
secondary economic sectors (2 x 1)
3.5.2 Which primary product shows an increase in value after it has been
processed? (2 x 1)
3.5.3 Calculate the total revenue from the export of fresh fruit in the
Western Cape (1 x 2)
3.5.4 Why is fruit processing such a major industry in the South-western
Cape? (1 x 2)
3.5.5 Discuss TWO factors that support the export of products from the
Western Cape. (2 x 2)

.
 .
Marking Guideline
3.5
3.5.1 Primary: citrus (1) apples and pears (1) grapes (1) tobacco (1)
Secondary: refined petroleum (1) wine (1) iron and steel (1)
engine parts (1) fruit juice (1) dried fruit and nuts (1)
[ANY ONE OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY] (2 x 1) (2)

3.5.2 Grapes (2) (1 x 2) (2)

3.5.3 R20,6 Billion (2) (1 x 2) (2)

3.5.4 Fruit is the main raw material used in the food processing industry (2)
Climate suitable for grape growing (for the making of wine) (2)
Variety of fruit is suitable to be grown in this area (2)
Large labour force available as fruit farming requires manual labour (2)
There is a lack of minerals thus the Western Cape relies on fruit as a raw
material (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

3.5.5 Harbour facilities and harbour infrastructure to export to global markets (2)
A highly efficient container shipping facility is accessible to the harbour (2)
Refrigerated containers for transporting fruit overseas (2)
Cape Town International Airport which provides links to major economies in
the west (2)
Top quality products produced for export (2)
Increase demand for these products in Northern Hemisphere countries
during the South African growing season (2)
Most industries are established and mechanised (2)
Road and rail links improve transportation links to the rest of South Africa (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
 Activity 3
November 2020
FIGURE 3.6: PWV (GAUTENG) INDUSTRIAL REGION

The PWV (Gauteng) Industrial

Region is an integrated cluster
of cities, towns and urban nodes
that together make up the
economic heartland of South
Africa.
This region is the country's
centre of trade within Southern
Africa and beyond. PWV
(Gauteng) produces more than
33,8% of the national GDP in
current prices. PWV (Gauteng)
is estimated to contribute about
45% of South Africa's total
economic output.
Despite its importance, the PWV
(Gauteng) region faces many
challenges, such as water
shortages and high levels of
unemployment.
[Adapted from https://www.gcro.ac.za/about/the-gauteng-city-region/]
3.6 Refer to FIGURE 3.6 and study the information on the PWV (Gauteng)
Industrial Region.
3.6.1 Which of the urban settlements in the PWV (Gauteng) Industrial
Region shown in FIGURE 3.6 started out as a gold mining
settlement? (1 x 1) (1)
3.6.2 Quote TWO statistics from FIGURE 3.6, which indicates that the
PWV (Gauteng) Industrial Region is the economic heartland of
South Africa. (2 x 1) (2)
3.6.3 Discuss TWO factors that have favoured the development of
industries in the PWV (Gauteng) Industrial Region. (2 x 2) (4)
3.6.4 The PWV (Gauteng) Industrial Region faces many challenges,
including high levels of unemployment and water shortages.

(a) Why has water supply hindered the development of the PWV
(Gauteng) Industrial Region? (1 x 2) (2)

(b) How did the PWV (Gauteng) Industrial Region overcome the
shortage of water supply for industries? (1 x 2) (2)

(c) Why does the PWV (Gauteng) Industrial Region face

challenges of unemployment despite the high concentration of
industries in this industrial region? (2 x 2) (4)

Marking Guideline
3.6
3.6.1 Johannesburg (1) (1 x 1) (1)
3.6.2 33.8% of the national GDP in current prices (1)
45% of SA's total economic output (1) (2 x 1)(2)
3.6.3 Abundant raw materials from towns found near industries (2)
Availability of cheaper energy supply mined in local area and transmitted over
short distances by ESKOM (2)
Availability of water and strategic water transfer schemes (2)
Well established transport infrastructure in the form of road, rail and air to
access raw materials and markets (2)
Available flat land facilitates easy construction of infrastructure (2)
Pretoria as an administrative capital marketed the region for industrial
development (2)
Availability of skilled/unskilled labour from high population (2)
Large population serving as a base for buying power/market (2)
Many institutions for skills development and research (2)
Railway linked to Maputo harbour for exports (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

3.6.4 (a) This region generally does not receive enough rainfall during the year (2)
High evaporation rates reduces the water supply (2)
There is high competing demand for water from different sectors of the
economy (2)
High concentration of people in the region increases the demand of water
for domestic use (2)
Poor management (accept examples) of existing water resources reduces
the supply even further (2)
 Water transfer schemes are costly (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
(b) Water transfer schemes allow for water to be transferred to PWV
(Gauteng) Industrial Region (2)
Tugela Vaal water transfer scheme allows water from the Tugela River
in KZN to be transferred to the Vaal Dam (2)
Lesotho Highlands project allows water from the Katse Dam to be
transferred to the Vaal Dam (2)
Recycling of water puts less pressure on the usage of the water (2)
Water restrictions (2)
Higher tariffs to limit the usage of water increasing (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
(c) High influx of people from other parts of South Africa (2)
High influx of illegal immigrants exceeding amount of employment
opportunities available (2)
Increase in unskilled labour force (2)
Lack of Fourth Industrial Revolution skills (2) Retrenchments due to
unstable economic climate (2) COVID-19 restrictions and protocols (2)
Industries use machinery/robots to do work which replaces people (2)
Lack of work experience (2)

Activity 4
North West Prelim 2017
4.6 Answer the following questions based on South-Western Cape industrial
region.

4.6.1 State TWO dominant industrial products produced in the South Western
Cape. (2 x 1) (2)

4.6.2 Name the Spatial Development Initiative within the region. (1 x 1) (1)

4.6.3 Describe any TWO factors that favoured industrial development in the
South Western Cape. (2 x 2)
(4)

4.6.4 Discuss, in a short paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, how the

concentration of industrial activities in the South Western Cape has
 a negative impact on people living there. (4 x 2) (8)

Marking Guideline
4.6.1 Fruit canning(1)
Winery(1)
Textile (1)
Fish canning(1)
Petroleum refinery(1)
Food processing(1)
High technology manufacturing(1)
Steel manufacturing(1)
[Any TWO] (2x1) (2)

4.6.2 West Coast SDI (1) (1x1) (1)

4.6.3 availability of raw materials(2)

Availability of a harbour(2)
Availability of market(2)
[any TWO] (2x2) (4)

4.6.4 Overutilization of water (2)

Water pollution (2)
Air pollution (2)
Noise pollution(2)
Diseases associated with pollution(air/noise/water)(2)
Over crowded- traffic conjestion(2)
Overpopulation- exceeding carrying capacity of resources(2)
Live far from work –long time/costly to travel(2)
Costly to travel so far(2)
High crime rate(2)
 Shortage of housing(2)
[Any FOUR] (4x2) (8)
Activity 5
Marking Guideline