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46 views

Physics Project Work

VzjNxsnlslajshd

Uploaded by

vy152874
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 14

FATIMA INTER COLLEGE

Session - 2024-2025

BRIDGE WAVE RECTIFIER

Subject - PHYSICS

Roll No. - 22

Class - 12 A

Submitted To - MR. MANEESH KUMAR GUPTA

Submitted By - PRATEEK BHARTI

Date of submission

___________________
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my
physics teacher Mr Maneesh Kumar Gupta Sir who gave me the
golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic (Full
wave bridge rectifier), which also helped me in doing a lot of
Research and i came to know about so many new things I am
really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who
helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time
frame.
Certificate
This is to certify that Prateek Bharti (Roll No:
) student of class XII , FATIMA INTER COLLEGE
has completed the project titled “Full Wave Bridge
Rectifier” during the academic year 201 -15
towards partial fulfillment of credit for the Physics
Project evaluation of BOARD EXAMINATION
2024 - 2025, and submitted working model and
satisfactory report , as compiled in the following
pages, under my supervision.

Mr Maneesh Kumar Gupta


(Teacher’s signature)
Contents
➢ Aim
➢ Theory
➢ Materials required
➢ Circuit diagram
➢ Working
➢ Graph
➢ Applications
➢ Merits and Demerits
➢ Bibliography
Aim
construct a full wave bridge rectifier and show that
that Alternating Current is rectified into a Direct
Current.
Theory
The process of converting AC (which periodically
reverses direction) current into DC (which flows only in
one direction) current is known as Rectification.
The electrical device used to so is known as Rectifier.
Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving
as components of DC power supplies and high-voltage
direct current power transmission systems. Rectification
may serve in roles other than to generate direct current
for use as a source of power.
The simple process of rectification produces a type of
DC characterized by pulsating voltages and currents
(although still unidirectional). Depending upon the type
of end-use, this type of DC current may then be further
modified into the type of relatively constant voltage DC
characteristically produced by such sources as
batteries and solar cells.
A diode bridge is an arrangement of four (or more)
diodes in a bridge circuit configuration that provides the
same polarity of output for either polarity of input. When
used in its most common application, for conversion of
an alternating current (AC) input into a direct current
(DC) output, it is known as a bridge rectifier. A bridge
rectifier provides full-wave rectification from a two-wire
AC input, resulting in lower cost and weight as
compared to a rectifier with a 3-wire input from a
transformer with a center-tapped secondary winding.

Materials Required
➢Connecting wires
➢Step-down transformer
➢Diodes (4)
➢Capacitor (1)
➢LED (1)
Circuit Diagram

Working
Initially when the A.C. is supplied to the transformer, it
steps down the 220V main supply to 6 volts. It has a
capability of delivering a current of 500mA. The 6 volts
A.C. appearing across the secondary coil is the RMS
value and the peak value is 8.4 volts. During the Ist half
cycle of the A.C. input Diode D1 is forward biased and a
current ‘I’ flows in the circuit in the direction
ABCDEFGHIJKLM. During this time diodes D2 and D3
are reverse biased. So they do not conduct any electric
current.
During the next half cycle the diode D2 is forward and
D1 is reversed. Hence D2 conducts current in the
direction
MLKJCDEFGHIA and D1 does not conduct any current.
In subsequent half cycles of the A.C current the above
processes are repeated. In both the half cycles it is clear
that current flows through LED in only one direction.
Even though the voltage across LED is unidirectional it
will still contain a few A.C components. This is filtered
and made smooth using a capacitor, which filters 99% of
the A.C current.

Capacitor nearly filters all A.C components from the


supply. But there will be slight factor of A.C. current still
left in the output but it is negligible. The output Direct
Current and voltage light up the LED.
Graph
Applications
✓ Because of their low cost compared to center
tapped they are widely used in power supply
circuit.
✓ This can be used to detect the amplitude of
modulated radio signal.
✓ Bridge rectifiers can be used to supply
polarized voltage in welding.
✓ In daily life, rectifier find use in mobile
chargers.
Merits and Demerits
Merits:-
➢ The rectification efficiency of full-wave rectifier
is double of that of a half-wave rectifier.
➢ The ripple voltage is low and of higher
frequency in case of a full-wave rectifier so
simple filtering circuit is required.
➢ Higher output voltage higher output power and
higher TUF in case of a full-wave rectifier.
➢ In a full-wave rectifier, there is no problem due
to DC saturation of the core because the DC
currents in the two halves of the transformer
secondary flow in opposite directions.

Demerits:-
➢ Full-wave rectifier needs more circuit
elements and is costlier.
CONCLUSION

In this project, we explored the working


and significance of a bridge wave
rectifier, a fundamental component in
converting AC (alternating current) into
DC (direct current). Through the
experimentation and analysis, we
confirmed that a bridge rectifier, using
four diodes arranged in a bridge
configuration, effectively provides a
continuous DC output, which is smoother
and more stable compared to half-wave
or simple rectifiers.
In conclusion, this project highlighted the
importance of bridge rectifiers in electrical
engineering and power electronics,
showcasing how fundamental principles of
physics play a role in practical applications
and the development of reliable electronics.
Bibliography
• Physics – Textbook for class XII (NCERT)
• Laboratory Manual of Physics
• Encyclopedias

Websites:-

www.google.i
n
• www.wikipedia.org
• www.youtube.com

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