CCNA 200-301 Day 11
Static Routing
Things we’ll cover
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IP routing process
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The routing table on a Cisco router
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Configuring static routes
Network Topology
WAN (Wide Area Network)
A network that extends
over a large
geographical area.
Network Topology
Is the destination in the same network?
Src: 192.168.1.1
=NO
Dst: 192.168.4.1
Send the packet to the ‘default gateway’.
Network Topology
Compare the packet’s destination IP next hop
address to the routing table.
192.168.4.0/24 via 192.168.12.2, Gi0/0
Src: 192.168.1.1
Dst: 192.168.4.1
Network Topology
Compare the packet’s destination IP
address to the routing table.
192.168.4.0/24 via 192.168.24.4, Gi0/1
Src: 192.168.1.1
Dst: 192.168.4.1
Network Topology
Compare the packet’s destination IP
address to the routing table. 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Gi0/2
Src: 192.168.1.1
Dst: 192.168.4.1
show ip route
Connected route = the network the interface is connected to.
Local route = the actual IP address on the interface (with a /32 mask)
192.168.1.1/24
192.168.1.2/24
192.168.1.3/24
192.168.1.4/24
show ip route
Configuring a Default Route
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To configure the gateway of last resort on a Cisco router, you must configure a
default route.
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A default route is a route that matches ALL possible destinations.
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It is used only if a more specific route match isn’t found in the routing table.
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The default route is the least specific route possible:
IP Address: 0.0.0.0
Mask: 0.0.0.0
To set the default route/gateway of last resort, configure a route to 0.0.0.0/0
The 0.0.0.0/0 range includes 0.0.0.0 ~ 255.255.255.255
= ALL possible addresses
Configuring a Default Route
192 . 168 . 1 . 0 /24
255 . 255 . 255 . 0
=FIXED (can’t change) =not fixed
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.2
192.168.1.0/24 matches 192.168.1.0 ~ 192.168.1.255 192.168.1.3
Configuring a Default Route
192 . 168 . 1 . 1 /32
255 . 255 . 255 . 255
=FIXED (can’t change)
192.168.1.1/32 matches ONLY 192.168.1.1
Configuring a Default Route
0 . 0 . 0 . 0 /0
0 . 0 . 0 . 0
=not fixed
0.0.0.0/0 matches 0.0.0.0 ~ 255.255.255.255
= ALL possible addresses
Configuring a Static Route
ip route destination-address mask next-hop
Default Route
Network Topology
Src: 192.168.1.1
Dst: 192.168.4.1
R1 Routing Table
Switches flood frames with unknown destinations (destinations not in the MAC table).
Routers drop packets with unknown destinations.
Network Topology
ip route destination-address mask exit-interface
Src: 192.168.1.1
Dst: 192.168.4.1
R1 Routing Table
Network Topology
Src: 192.168.1.1
Dst: 192.168.4.1
R2 Routing Table
Network Topology
Src: 192.168.1.1
Dst: 192.168.4.1
R4 Routing Table
Network Topology
Src: 192.168.1.1
Dst: 192.168.4.1
Ping from PC1 to PC4
one-way reachability
Network Topology
Src: 192.168.4.1
Dst: 192.168.1.1
R4 Routing Table
R2 Routing Table
PC4 Routing Table
R4 Routing Table
R2 Routing Table
Ping from PC1 to PC4
Most Specific Matching Route
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When a router looks up a destination address in its routing table, it looks for
the most specific matching route.
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Most specific = longest prefix length ( /32 > /24 > /16 > /8 > /0 )
Most Specific Matching Route
ping 192.168.4.1
Most Specific Matching Route
ping 192.168.4.254
Things we covered
●
IP routing process
●
The routing table on a Cisco router
●
Configuring static routes
ip route destination-address mask [next-hop | exit-interface]
QUIZ
Quiz Question 1
The IP address configured on a router interface will appear in the routing
table as what kind of route?
a) Static
b) Connected Local routes use a /32 mask, which specifies the exact address
c) Local configured on the interface.
Connected routes represent the network that the local address is part
d) Internal of.
Static routes are manually configured addresses, unlike connected
and local addresses which are automatically added when you
configure an IP address on an interface and enable it.
Internal is not a type of route you can find in the routing table.
Quiz Question 2
Which command configures a default route on a Cisco router?
a) ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.254
b) ip route 0.0.0.0/0 10.1.1.254
c) ip route 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 10.1.1.254
d) ip route 0.0.0.0/32 10.1.1.254
ip route destination-address mask [next-hop | exit-interface]
Quiz Question 3
Which is an accurate statement about the behavior of routers and switches?
a) Routers flood packets with an unknown destination IP
address, switches flood frames with an unknown destination
MAC address.
b) Routers drop packets with an unknown destination IP address,
switches drop frames with an unknown destination MAC address.
c) Routers drop packets with an unknown destination IP address,
switches flood frames with an unknown destination MAC address.
Quiz Question 4
Which two types of addresses are automatically added to the routing table
when you configure an IP address on an interface and enable it?
a) Connected, Static
b) Local, Static
c) Default, Local
d) Connected, Local
Quiz Question 5
Which interface will be used
to forward a packet with a
destination IP address of
10.1.1.1?
GigabitEthernet0/3
Supplementary Materials
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Review flash cards
(link in the description)
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Packet Tracer lab
