Name

BEAT
Beat is a steady, recurring pulse.

Practice: Keep a steady beat—individually or as a group. Tap or clap with different

speeds but always steady. Try using a clock, heartbeat, or metronome.

Observe: Name things around you that make or maintain a steady beat.

Experiment: Divide into groups or with a partner; try tapping two different steady
beats. Can you keep your beat going? How does the opposing beat fit in with
your own steady beat?

Observe/Do: Can a beat be shown and not heard? Demonstrate.

RHYTHM
Rhythm is a pattern of sound and silence with a beat; music is generally organized into rhythms
which can be heard or felt.

Practice: Make up a rhythm pattern and have someone echo your pattern. Tap, clap
or say "ta" and silence for Try to echo someone's pattern in return. Now, write
.

what your pattern sounded like.

Sample:I I I II
Write your rhythm:

Experiment: Tap or clap your pattern and have a partner keep the steady beat.

Observe/Write: Everything has rhythm in our lives. What could that mean?
Explain.

2 NS
Rhythm/Beat Practice: Clap, tap or say " ta " for I in all the examples; tap the air

for ,

1.1 I ii I Ii I! Ii ii

3.I I IIIIi

Bonus: Go from rhythm pattern 4 to rhythm pattern 5 without stopping.

5.1 I I H I IH I I
Is there a difference between no. 4 and no. 5? If so what?

6. Feel the pulse but do not indicate the in any way.

Using an acrostic, write a poem about beat or rhythm.

Beat the drum,

E
A
ft

R
H
Y
T
H
M

3
 NOTES
Notes have two purposes in music. They show patterns of rhythm or pitch (concept 8).
Some common note names are:

0
Whole Note Half Note Quarter Note

The whole note is drawn as an oval and has no stem. Example: o

0
Practice writing whole notes.

"Above" the line "Below" the line "On" (or through) the line

The half note looks like a whole note with a line added called a stem. (Stems are drawn up on the
right side and down on the left side of the note.) Example:
Practice writing half notes.

Above the line Below the line On the line, stem up On the line, stem down

The quarter note looks like a half note with the notehead filled in. Stems are drawn the same
way as half note stems.
Practice writing quarter notes. Example:

Above the line Below the line On the line, stem up On the line, stem down

Experiment: Try writing all three kinds of notes a few times in one line (above,
below or on).

4 NS
VALUE
Value (also called duration) is how long a note sounds. We use numbers to show that value.
Example: Here is a value pattern based on four.

= quarter note = one beat per note

= half note = two beats per note

0 = whole note = four beats per note

Another way to think about value is with fractions. Examples:

//'flN\
+ + + = 1 4 + 4 = 2

(\ ++ ) half
+
half
+ note
=

- whole
O D +
quarter + quarter
=

- half
note - note note note - note

Musical Math: Fill in the blank with the correct note.

1. + =0 3. + =

2.—= 4. 0 _=

True or False: Do each set of notes equal the same number of beats? Write "True" if
they are equal or "False" is they are not equal.

1. OJ J J 3.

Does it

2. = 0 4 = 0

Tongue Twister: Tap or clap the rhythm as you say this tongue twister:

Three grey geese in a green field graz - ing,

grey were the geese and green was the graz - ing.

Grey geese, green field, graz - ing, graz - ing, grey geese, green field, graz - ing, graz - ing.

5
 MEASURE / BAR LINES I METER / TIME SIGNATURE

-114
-J
Name

MEASURE/BAR LINES
Music is divided into sections by bar lines. The distance between two bar lines is called a
measure.
measure
Bar 1e' (or bar) 'Bar line

METER
Meter is the number of beats in a measure. Numbers are used to organize meter.

= quarter note = 1 beat

= half note = 2 beats

0 = whole note = 4 beats

TIME SIGNATURE
The number of beats found in each measure is determined by the meter and is indicated by a
symbol called a Time Signature. Time signatures appear at the beginning of music and use two
numbers that are placed one above the other. Some common examples of simple meters are:
2 3 4
4 4 4

4 = The upper number tells how many beats are in each measure.

4 = The lower number tells what note (for example, a quarter or half note)
gets one beat.

This combination of numbers shows us how the music is divided into measures and what note
will get the steady beat. From this information we can figure out the rhythm.

1 (2) (3) (4)

(2) 3 (4)

6 NS
2
ts1In1
1. Draw bar lines to show 4 beats in each measure; then clap or tap rhythm.

2. Write the t time signature. Fill in the missing note that will complete the
measures to equal 4 beats each; then clap or tap rhythm.

3. Draw bar lines to show 3 beats in each measure; then clap or tap rhythm'.

4. Write the 4 time signature. Fill in the missing note that will complete the
measures to equal 3 beats each; then clap or tap rhythm.

5. Draw bar lines to show 2 beats in each measure; then clap or tap rhythm

6. Write the 4 time signature. Fill in the missing note that will complete the
measures to equal 2 beats each; then clap or tap rhythm.

Bonus: Composers use bar lines to divide music into measures. Can you guess
what a double bar line means?

7
 Name

I. Draw a circle around the correct notes:

a.quarter note 64,

b.whole note

c. half note :,~: 0

2. Tap the rhythm of "Old MacDonald," Can you write the rhythm of the first line of "Old
MacDonald"? (Hint: Use 4 time) Don't forget the bar lines.

Old Mac Don aid had some "fries"! Ee - I - he - I - 0!

Use notes, bar lines and time signatures to create a comic strip. Sample

2
8 NS
 Time Signature Signals: Write the correct time signature for each rhythm drill;
then clap or tap.
Time
Signature

1.

2.

3.

Musical Math: Fill in the blank with the correct note.

4,O _=

2. 0 = + 5. + + =

3,=_+ _

Rhythm Game: Find a Partner. Tap or clap a pattern. If your partner guesses the
correct pattern, they score a point. If not, you score a point. Then switch. You guess
in the second game.

a.

C.

Game 1 Partner Points: Your Points: -

Game 2 Your Points: Partner Points:

 Name

RESTS
Rests are silences in music. These silences are just as important as sounds because the beat does
not stop.

-
- 4-
Whole Rest Half Rest Quarter Rest

The whole rest hangs down from the line. Example:

Practice writing whole rests.

The half rest sits on the line and looks like a hat. Example:
Practice writing half rests.

The quarter rest looks like a sideways "M". Example:

Practice writing quarter rests.
Trace

Experiment: Practice writing whole, half and quarter rests.

Find the rest! Circle the correct rests.

1.quarter rest °

to
1.
the
2. half rest -
rest"I

3.whole rest 0 -

2 10 NS
REST VALUES
Rests have value just like notes. They show how short or long a silence is. We use numbers to
show that value.

Note and Rest Comparison Chart

0 =
-- =4beats

a J =—=2beats

4 = =l beats

Musical Math: Compute the sum of the following "note problems" based on the
chart above. Example: 0 + + J + = 11

(4 + 1 + 2 + 4 =11)
+ J + ~ j=

2. - + 0 + J + =

3. + - + + . =

Rests/Rhythm Practice: Clap, tap or say the notes; tap the air for the rest value.

1.

2.

Time Signature Drills: Clap, tap or say "ta" for the notes; tap the air for the rest value.

1,

2.

Bonus
3.
 EIGHTH AND SIXTEENTH NOTES / RESTS

Name

EIGHTH NOTES/RESTS
B1 The eighth note looks like a quarter note with a flag added. Just like the quarter note, the stem
can go either up or down. Example:
Practice writing eighth notes.
Below the line
Above the line On the line (stem up, stem down)

Sometimes eighth notes are grouped together with beams.

Two eighth notes with a beam Four eighth notes with a beam

Practice writing eighth notes with a beam above, below or on the line.

Clap and Compare: Tap or clap these rhythms. Compare these examples. Are these
rhythms the same? Yes or no (circle)

1.

2.

The eighth rest looks like the number 7. Example: 1

Practice writing eighth rests.
Trace
.,... .,.... .,.- ..... ...-. ...- .,.,. ...- ..,-. ...-

Practice writing a combination of eighth notes and eighth rests.

12

2
SIXTEENTH NOTESIRESTS
The sixteenth note looks like an eighth note with another flag added. Flags still go the same direc-
tion as eighth note flags. Example:
Practice writing sixteenth notes above,
below and on the line.

Sixteenth notes are grouped together with beams like eighth notes.
Practice writing sixteenth notes (in groups of 2 & 4) above, below and on the line.

The sixteenth rest looks like the eighth rest with one thing added. Can you draw one?
Practice: Try writing a combination of sixteenth notes and rests.

Matching: Draw a line to the corresponding note(s) or rest.

1.eighth note

2.whole rest

3, sixteenth rest

4. quarter note

5. whole note
0
6. eighth rest

7.sixteenth note

8.half note

9. quarter rest

10.half rest

11.two eighth notes

12.four sixteenth notes

13
 EIGHTH AND SIXTEENTH NOTES / RESTS

Name

BE/ EIGHTH NOTES/RESTS

The eighth note looks like a quarter note with a flag added. Just like the quarter note, the stem
Be
can go either up or down. Example:
Practice writing eighth notes.
Below the line
Above the line On the line (stem up, stem down)

Sometimes eighth notes are grouped together with beams.

Two eighth notes with a beam Four eighth notes with a beam

Practice writing eighth notes with a beam above, below or on the line.

RH'
R1 Clap and Compare: Tap or clap these rhythms. Compare these examples. Are these
wi rhythms the same? Yes or no (circle)

1.

The eighth rest looks like the number 7. Example: 1

Practice writing eighth rests.
Trace
•..
• 7 •..•-
• •i s...
• •

Practice writing a combination of eighth notes and eighth rests.

2
12 V
SIXTEENTH NOTES/RESTS
The sixteenth note looks like an eighth note with another flag added. Flags still go the same direc-
tion as eighth note flags. Example:
Practice writing sixteenth notes above,
below and on the line.

Sixteenth notes are grouped together with beams like eighth notes.
Practice writing sixteenth notes (in groups of 2 & 4) above, below and on the line.

The sixteenth rest looks like the eighth rest with one thing added. Can you draw one?_______
Practice: Try writing a combination of sixteenth notes and rests.

Matching: Draw a line to the corresponding note(s) or rest.

1.eighth note .7
2. whole rest

3, sixteenth rest

4. quarter note

5. whole note
0
6. eighth rest

7.sixteenth note

8. half note

9. quarter rest

10.half rest

11.two eighth notes

12.four sixteenth notes

13
 DIVISION OF THE BEAT
EM WIN
10

Name

DCh VALUES OF EIGHTH AND SIXTEENTH NOTES/RESTS

The beat in music can be divided into smaller values to make eighth and sixteenth notes and
Bea rests. These notes receive parts or fractions of the steady beat.

( ) = quarter note/rest = 1 beat per note

( ) = eighth note/rest = 1/2 beat per note

(q ) = sixteenth note/rest = 1/4 beat per note

True or False: Do each set of notes/rests equal the same number of beats? Write
"True" if they are equal or "False" if they are not equal.

1. ___
5. 7
.=

2. =0 6. + =

3 ' __ 7 = 0
RW K . K
Rh 4- - 8.
WI

Musical Math: Fill in the blank with the correct note or rest.

1. ~ + 5. :: —:-1 + +

2. += 6. + U=

7.

8.

14
 When you are tapping the beat, the eighth and sixteenth notes get only parts or fractions of the
beat. Count "1 &" for eighth notes to divide the beat and "1 e & a" for sixteenth notes. The
rests are felt in the same manner only without sound. This partial beat may take some practice to
understand and perform.

1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1e&a2e&a3e&a4e&a

Try the following exercises: Tap, clap or count.

1.

Bonus
3.
Rhythmic States:
Name 3 States that have this rhythm. (Example: Delaware)

Name 2 States that have this rhythm. = Example: California

Bonus: Can you figure out rhythm patterns for other states?

State State State

Practice: Tap, clap or count aloud the following examples. Fill in the time signature,
Time
Signature

1.

2.

3. ' I''.'p!' 7 .' 1 do 40 '

15
 Name

DOTS
A dot may be added to any note. A dot increases the value (duration) by half of the original
value of the note it follows.
3 4
Example: In 4 and 4 meter, a half note gets 2 beats. 1 (2)
By adding a dot it now gets 3 beats,
J.
(2 - 3)

Practice: Count and clap the following rhythm pattern with dotted half notes:

1 (2 3)
•
4
J .
1 (2 3)
p
4
p

&
j.
1 2 (3 4)
I . d 1 2
•

(3 4)

23 4
Example: In 4 4 and 4 meter, a quarter note gets
, 1 2
one beat. If we add a dot to a quarter note, the note will
now get 1½ beats.
1 & 2 &

1 (& 2) &
Practice: Count and clap the following rhythm pattern
with dotted quarter notes.

RI
1 (&2)& 3 4

23 4
Example: In 4 4 and 4 meter, an eighth note
,
1 &
gets ½ of a beat. If we add a dot to an eighth note,
the note will now get 3A of a beat. 1 e & a

1 (e &) a

Practice: Count and clap the following 4

rhythm pattern using dotted eighth notes. 4
fl J fl I fl fl JTL
1(e&)a 2 3(e&)a 4

Fill in the measures: Complete the following exercise using either one note or rest
where needed in the measures. Then count and clap or tap.

NS5
Dotted notes add variety to rhythm patterns.

Partner Practice: Find a partner and clap or tap the following patterns first
separately and then together. Which rhythm had more interest to you?_
Your partner? Switch parts.
.

a.

Musical Math: Fill in the blank with the correct note.

1. J. + j = ° 5.J_.=

2 . += 6. +=

3. • —= 7.++=

4. 8.°—=

Add bar lines to the following examples.

1.

2.

Name this tune: Have a partner keep the steady beat while you count and clap or
tap the rhythm.

Bonus: How many counts would a dotted whole note receive?________

Double Bonus: Can you think of a time signature where a dotted whole note could
be used?__________ 17
1E09 10A MO'S 'MO's 'MO :1MSU'
 Rests, beat, time signature, value, bar lines, rhythm, beam, pattern of sound and
BE AT silence with a beat, measure, dot
Beat iE
1.What is rhythm?

2. What is the steady recurring pulse called?

3.Notes have two purposes in music. They show pitch and patterns of

4. Music is divided into equal sections by

5. The distance between two bar lines is called

6.The symbol that indicates the number of beats in a measure is called the

7.Silences in music are called

8. Both notes and rests have to show how long they should be counted.

9.A after a note increases a note value by half.

10.A line that connects two eighth notes is called a

Find and circle the correct notes or rests.

RH?
Rhj 1. eighth rest
wh

2. sixteenth note(s)

3. dotted half note

4. eighth note(s) '

5. sixteenth rest
°
6. half note

7. quarter rest

8.whole rest

9. half rest
° -
L.: -

° -
18 10. whole note 0
Fill in the blanks with the correct note:

a.+= 0

g.' — =

c. —_ h.fl+

= i.o—•=__
d.r

e- P + j. +=

Write the correct beat under the following rhythm patterns. Observe time signatures.

1.
1-2 3-4

2.

3. •

Add bar lines to the following examples to show the correct number of beats per measure.

I.-

2.

3.

Let's see... where did

that barline go

19