WORK, ENERGY & POWER9 QUESTIONS (2021 PAPERS)

14 A balance is used to measure the mass m of a number of cylindrical metal rods of length l. All the
metal rods have the same radius r.
Gradient G me
The graph shows the variation with l of m.

m
A Y e m
rel
f
he me
P G
0
0 l ne
The gradient of the graph is G.

Which expression gives the density of the metal?

A G B G2πr C G D Gπr 2
2πr πr 2

15 Two blocks, X and Y, are on a horizontal frictionless surface. The mass of block Y is greater than
that of block X. Block Y has a spring attached to its end.

The blocks are pushed together so that the spring is compressed between them and the blocks
are held stationary as shown.
Elastic potentialenergy
compressed spring
ofboth springs is
frictionless to bothblocks
transferred
surface X Y
my equallyifthis is Elastic
met interactionbut this is an
before release inelasticinteraction like
an exampleofexplosion
When released, the blocks move in opposite directions. So K E is not conserved
and look fortotalenergy
Which statement is correct? conservation
A After release, the kinetic energy of block X must equal the kinetic energy of block Y.
B After release, the sum of the kinetic energies of the blocks is equal to zero.
C The total energy of the spring and blocks immediately before release is zero.
D The total energy of the spring and blocks is equal to the energy needed to bring the blocks
together.

© UCLES 2021 9702/12/F/M/21 [Turn over

 10

16 A gas is contained in a cylinder by a movable piston.

102 3147120 153235.0 30.0152
We
4
d Zu ocm
final position
P 102Pa 12 10210 of piston W 1.60J
initial position
h 3 on h2 35.0cm of piston

35.0 cm gas
We PAV 30.0 cm

P Dfat h cylinder

W P And Dh
20.0 cm

The cylinder has a circular cross-section of diameter 20.0 cm.

The pressure of the gas is 102 Pa and the piston is initially 30.0 cm from the base of the cylinder.

The gas is heated causing the piston to move up so that it is 35.0 cm from the base. The pressure
of the gas remains constant.

How much work does the gas do in moving the piston?

A 0.160 J B 0.641 J C 1.12 J D 4.49 J

17 An egg of mass 25 g falls vertically downwards from the surface of a table which is 900 mm above
the ground. Air resistance is negligible.
KEG PE 153
What is the kinetic energy of the egg when it hits the ground? Mgh 25 153 9.81 900
A 0.023 J B 0.22 J C 23 J D 220 J
0.2207

18 An aircraft travels at a constant velocity of 90 m s–1 in horizontal flight. The diagram shows the
horizontal forces acting on the aircraft.
90ms
drag
thrust
2400 N zoourg
P FV
The mass of the aircraft is 2000 kg.
12400 907
276000W
What is the power produced by the thrust force? 2.16 18W
A 1.8 × 105 W B 2.2 × 105 W C 1.8 × 106 W D 2.0 × 106 W

© UCLES 2021 9702/12/F/M/21

 6

2 (a) State what is meant by work done.

Product of Force and displacement travelled in

...................................................................................................................................................

the direction of force

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A beach ball is released from a balcony at the top of a tall building. The ball falls vertically
from rest and reaches a constant (terminal) velocity. The gravitational potential energy of the
ball decreases by 60 J as it falls from the balcony to the ground. The ball hits the ground with
speed 16 m s and kinetic energy 23 J.

(i) Show that the mass of the ball is 0.18 kg.

Ek I mv

23 I m IG
M 2123
256
0.1796 0.18kg
[2]

(ii) Calculate the height of the balcony above the ground.

Ep Mgh
60 CO 18 9.81 h
h 33.98

34
height = ..................................................... m [2]

(iii) Determine the average resistive force acting on the ball as it falls from the balcony to the
ground.

By Principle of conservation of energy

Initial Ep work done against motion Gain in K E
60 Fl 34 23
F 1.09

average resistive force = ..................................................... N [2]

upward air resistance increases with the increase

in velocity which results a decrease in the
resultant force and hence acceleration
Downward weight by
F ma upward an resistance Yiffetases

© UCLES 2021 9702/22/F/M/21

i i n

I
W Fd
2031507
1000J

En Mex B d
Http Wggggainst Et
Mgh Fd t mgha
Epto 1600119.817184 300311.5 18 81 h
600719

g
h 3.547m

D F v
12830 126530 2 00
20.78W
 6

2 A person uses a trolley to move suitcases at an airport. The total mass of the trolley and suitcases
is 72 kg.

(a) The person pushes the trolley and suitcases along a horizontal surface with a constant speed
of 1.4 m s–1 and then releases the trolley. The released trolley moves in a straight line and
comes to rest. Assume that a constant total resistive force of 18 N opposes the motion of the
trolley and suitcases.

(i) Calculate the power required to overcome the total resistive force on the trolley and
suitcases when they move with a constant speed of 1.4 m s–1.

P FV
18361 4

25.2W
power = ..................................................... W [2]

(ii) Calculate the time taken for the trolley to come to rest after it is released.

V U at
V U Em t
0 1.4
1 t
t 5.65

time = ...................................................... s [3]

(b) At another place in the airport, the trolley and suitcases are on a slope, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

trolley and suitcases

UO
18 N
F, 54 N
X
slope
9.5 m Y

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

The person releases the trolley from rest at point X. The trolley moves down the slope in a
straight line towards point Y. The distance along the slope between points X and Y is 9.5 m.

The component F of the weight of the trolley and suitcases that acts along the slope is 54 N.
Assume that a constant total resistive force of 18 N opposes the motion of the trolley and
suitcases.

© UCLES 2021 9702/21/M/J/21

 7

(i) Calculate the speed of the trolley at point Y.

Workdone by a resultantforce Gain in K E

E f d I m V U
54 78719.5 21172 v o

V 9s

3 08
speed = ................................................ m s–1 [3]

(ii) Calculate the work done by F for the movement of the trolley from X to Y.

W I F Cd
54 9 5

513
work done = ...................................................... J [1]

(iii) The trolley is released at point X at time t = 0.

On Fig. 2.2, sketch a graph to show the variation with time t of the work done by F for the
movement of the trolley from X to Y.
Numerical values of the work done and t are not required.

Since trolley move

work with uniformacceleration
done
S Ut Eat
5 101It Eat
S Constant E
Sa E
0
0 Therefore
t
Workdone a E
Fig. 2.2
[2]

(c) The angle of the slope in (b) is constant. The frictional forces acting on the wheels of the
moving trolley are also constant.

Explain why, in practice, it is incorrect to assume that the total resistive force opposing the
motion of the trolley and suitcases is constant as the trolley moves between X and Y.

Because air resistance increases with the increase

...................................................................................................................................................

in velocity Therefore resistive force increases

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 12]

© UCLES 2021 9702/21/M/J/21 [Turn over

 AEK O
DEp I
So Internal Heatenergy t
because stone and air
becomes warmer in
doing work against
viscous force

object

We 12N platform

hpiston
0.50cm
piston
plunger container

d 4.0cm

work done on object Gain of G Ep

mgh
12 0.50 152
0.06J

s
sina.IE
hi m Since
f
hassid f Ls
got
g we m
a semis

mgh mgssina
workbyF F S
mgsins
F
P
use base relationship ie Y
xderived
relationship

Already done in Kinematics topic associated with this chapter

 E I F x
I Ka
I
Hele se is either
compression or extension

initial
sofinalvolume ofgasmustbe greaterthan
volume

W PAV
14.4 1.80 105 V2 2.4015
14.4 1.80 105V2 43.2 4
14.4 43.2 m3
V2 3.20 10
1 80xios

G P E at X K E at y workdoneagainstfriction
Ep Energy dissipated E
mgh 12mV t
500 9.81 30 E
L SOO II

E I I X105J
Ek 1 Z xiosJ

P WE Fxs R
t E
P FU
No question from 9702/23/M/J/21 from this topic
 otom
3600 rotates zits
10 ZAI GaniofEpe 20 o 419
360
600 213.1431040 60 8.385
360 Lossof Ep 5 0.419
0.419m 6.295
15 N
Depof bothmesses
20 N
8.38 6.29
2.09J

A Eke In v2 Im ul
3 0 105 ICisoo v2 155
V 25ms
change of velocity 25 15210ms

car,
constant velocity
mass 1500 kg
of 30 m s–1 Mgsi6 1500719.8186
slope
resistive force,
1.54 103N
2000 N

horizontal
i 6.0!

Msfi6
P F V
due hi consumption 2000 1.54103 30
offuel
13800 W
13 8 RW
correct

correct
correct

wrong
No question from 9702/21/O/N21 from this topic
 top of path

midpoint of path

starting position

because air resistance is present

because energy is lost in doingwork against air resistance

X
4.0 m

2.1 N 30!

4.06030
object
initial direction of
motion of object

We F S
2 1 4.0630
7.27J
 W X Y Electrical y
Y chemical w
Y Y Y Y
W W X X W X Y

Va Mn 2my
Y
Imari Gmt Y
myVy
MACY
É
Ex E
F

F ft 18oosenz

is 2400 11800710 5
240 3300N
8 you
30!
g g horizontal
P F V

36000 13300 v
V 10 9m51
 8

3 (a) Define power.

Comment
P work done per unit time is Power
...................................................................................................................................................

Y ............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A car of mass 1700 kg moves in a straight line along a slope that is at an angle to the
horizontal, as shown in Fig. 3.1.

B
25 m

car,
slope 440N mass 1700 kg
A
horizontal

omment
Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)

The car moves at constant velocity for a distance of 25 m from point A to point B.
Air resistance and friction provide a total resistive force of 440 N that opposes the motion of
the car.

For the movement of the car from A to B:

Sincebothmass
(i) state the change in the kinetic energy
andvelocityof
ar are constants
o kinetic energy
s constant change in kinetic energy = ...................................................... J [1]

(ii) calculate the work done against the total resistive force.

W f Sap
440 25
I I X104
I I 10
work done = ...................................................... J [1]

© UCLES 2021 9702/22/O/N/21

 9

(c) The movement of the car in (b) from A to B causes its gravitational potential energy to increase
by 4.8 104 J.

Calculate:

(i) the increase in vertical height h of the car for its movement from A to B

DEP Mg Dh
4.8 104 1700719.81 Dh

Dh 2.88m
h = ..................................................... m [2]
Comment(ii) angle .
Th 2.8g
25
288m Sin O 115
6 62
= ....................................................... ° [1]

(d) The engine of the car in (b) produces an output power of 1.7 104 W to move the car along
the slope.

Calculate the time taken for the car to move from A to B.

Total work done Work done against Gain in G Ep

resistive forces
I 1 10 t 4.8 10 5.9 104 J
104 5.9 10
P
f y 1.7
t
t 3 47s
time = ...................................................... s [2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2021 9702/22/O/N/21 [Turn over

 syringe

gas

V 101 103 6.00 2.00 156

p 0.404J
404MJ
y

Pin XtY
X Y Device j
Ross Y
X X Y X X Y
usefulPowerout
Y Y X Y X Y
Y TotalPowerin

Ep ZhukJ 7 Ey
ma MI Va 2Vp
MalVa
macro It CÉ 4 2

Ea 480RJ

Mgh
t 799
y Pout
Pout n
loooxoSox981 30
Pout
o

Pout 3503.57J
3 SO R J
No question in 9702/23/O/N/21 paper