SITUATION: Given the partial fraction below:

𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
= + +
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12) (𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 − 4) (𝑥 + 3)

1. Determine the value of A.

A. -11/3 B. -4/21 C. 34/7 D. -7/2

2. Determine the value of B.

A. -11/3 B. -4/21 C. 34/7 D. -7/2

3. Determine the value of C.

A. -11/3 B. -4/21 C. 34/7 D. -7/2

Solution:
SOLVE A:
𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
(𝑥 + 2) [ 2
= + + ]
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 𝑥 − 12) (𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 − 4) (𝑥 + 3)

𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4 𝐵(𝑥 + 2) 𝐶(𝑥 + 2)
2
=𝐴+ +
(𝑥 − 𝑥 − 12) (𝑥 − 4) (𝑥 + 3)

Let x = -2 so that x + 2 = 0
Evaluate:
𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −2
(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12)

11
− = 𝐴+0+0
3
𝟏𝟏
𝑨= −
𝟑

SOLVE B:
𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
(𝑥 − 4) [ 2
= + + ]
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 𝑥 − 12) (𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 − 4) (𝑥 + 3)

𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4 𝐴(𝑥 − 4) 𝐶(𝑥 − 4)
= +𝐵+
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 + 2) 𝑥+3

Let x = 4 so that x – 4 = 0
Evaluate:
𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 4
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3)

4
− = 0+𝐵+0
21
𝟒
𝑩=−
𝟐𝟏
SOLVE C:
𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
(𝑥 + 3) [ = + + ]
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12) (𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 − 4) (𝑥 + 3)

𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4 𝐴(𝑥 + 3) 𝐵(𝑥 + 3)
= + +𝐶
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 4) (𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 − 4)

Let x = -3 so that x + 3 = 0
Evaluate:
𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −3
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 4)

34
=𝐶
7

4. Solve for the inequality: |2𝑥 − 4| < 10

A. All real numbers B. Null set C. (-3,7) D. [-3,7]

Solution:
−10 < 2𝑥 − 4 < 10
−6 < 2𝑥 < 14
−3 < 𝑥 < 7

5. What is the sum of the coefficients of the expansion of (x + y –z)8?

A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 = (1 + 1 − 1)8 = 1

6. Of what quadrant is A, if sec(A) is negative and csc(A) is positive?

A. I B. II C. III D. IV

Secant functions are negative on quadrants II and III, while cosecant functions are positive on quadrants I and II. Therefore, the
answer is quadrant II

7. A force F = 1000kN passes through the point (1, 2, 5) to (7, 8, 10). Determine the magnitude of the moment of the force about the origin.
A. 1233.78 B. 3305.16 C. 3490 D. 2313.90

𝑣𝑓 =< (7 − 1) (8 − 2) (10 − 5) > = < 6 6 5 >

<6 6 5>
𝜆= =< 0.609 0.609 0.508 >
√62 + 62 + 52

𝐹 = 1000 < 0.609 0.609 0.508 > = < 609 609 508 >

𝑟 =< (1 − 0) (2 − 0) (5 − 0) > = < 1 2 5 >

𝑀 = 𝑟𝑥𝐹

𝑀 = < 1 2 5 > 𝑥 < 609 609 508 >

 𝑀 =< −2029 2537 − 609 >

𝑀 = √(−2029)2 + 25372 + (−609)2 = 3305.16𝑘𝑁𝑚

8. Find the distance between the polar points (2,550) and (3, 1110).
A. 2.51 B. 3.51 C. 4.51 D. 5.51

Convert first to rectangular coordinates then apply distance formula

(2,55𝑜 ) = (2𝑐𝑜𝑠55, 2𝑠𝑖𝑛55) = (1.147, 1.634)

(3,111𝑜 ) = (3𝑐𝑜𝑠111, 3𝑠𝑖𝑛111) = (−1.075, 2.800)

2
𝑑 = √(1.147 − (−1.075)) + (1.634 − 2.80)2 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟏

9. For a constant force F acts from (3, -4, 5) to (6 , 7, -1). If the work done of moving a point from A(5, 6, -1) to B(6, 7, -4) is 2980.417Nm,
determine the magnitude of that force.
A. 1200 B. 1567.89 C. 3408 D. 2313.9

Work of a Force given its vector is defined by:

𝑀 = 𝐹 .𝑑
Where
d = distance in vector form (head – tail)
F = force in vector form (head – tail)

𝑑 =< 6 − 5 7−6 −4+1>

𝑑 =< 1 1 −3>

𝐹 = 𝐹 < 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 >

<6−3 7+4 −1−5>
𝐹 = 𝐹( )
√(6 − 3)2 + (7 + 4)2 + (−1 − 5)2
𝐹 = 𝐹 < 0.233 0.854 − 0.466 >

2980.417 = 𝐹 < 0.233 0.854 − 0.466 >⋅< 1 1 −3 >

2980.417
𝐹=
< 0.233 0.854 − 0.466 >⋅< 1 1 −3>

𝑭 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑵
10. The plane is passing through the points A(-1, 2, 3) , B(-9, 8, -1) and C(2, 7, 10). Determine the equation of the plane.
A. 22x + 18y – 14z + 74 = 0 C. x + 22y – 2z + 70 = 0
B. 31x + 22y – 29z + 74 = 0 D. 11x + 22y – 99z + 77 = 0

Form any two vectors using the three given points

𝑉𝐵𝐶 =< (−9 − 2) (8 − 7) (−1 − 10) > = < −11 1 − 11 >

𝑉𝐴𝐶 =< (−1 − 2) (2 − 7) (3 − 10) > = < −3 − 5 − 7 >

Determine the cross product of the two vectors (It will be the normal vector of the plane)

𝑉𝐵𝐶 𝑥𝑉𝐴𝐶 =< −11 1 − 11 > 𝑥 < −3 − 5 − 7 >

𝑉𝑁 =< −62 − 44 58 >

The equation of the plane will be

−62𝑥 − 44𝑦 + 58𝑧 + 𝐷 = 0

Substitute any point to solve the constant

−62(2) − 44(7) + 58(10) + 𝐷 = 0

𝐷 = −148

−62𝑥 − 44𝑦 + 58𝑧 − 148 = 0

31𝑥 + 22𝑦 − 29𝑧 + 74 = 0

11. A line passes through the point A(1, 2, 3) to B(7, 8, 10). Determine the parametric form of the equation.
A. x = 6t, y= 2, z = t + 3 C. x = 6t + 1, y = 6t + 2, z = 7t + 3
B. x = t + 1, y = t + 2, z = t + 3 D. x = 6t, y = t + 2, z = t + 3

Determine the vector of the line

𝑉 =< (7 − 1) (8 − 2) (10 − 3) > = < 6 6 7 >

Substitute any point:

𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑧 − 𝑧1
= = =𝑡
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
𝑥−1 𝑦−1 𝑧−3
= = =𝑡
6 6 7
𝑥−1
𝑡= → 𝑥 = 6𝑡 + 1
6
𝑦−1
𝑡= → 𝑦 = 6𝑡 + 2
6
𝑧−3
𝑡= → 𝑧 = 7𝑡 + 3
7

12. A batch of 10 rocker cover gaskets contains 4 defective gaskets. If we draw samples of size 3 without replacement, from the batch of 10, find
the probability that a sample contains 2 defective gaskets.
A. 0.1 B. 0.2 C. 0.3 D. 0.4

6𝐶1 𝑥4𝐶2
𝑃= = 𝟎. 𝟑
10𝐶3

13. 60% of people who purchase sports cars are men. If 10 sports car owners are randomly selected, find the probability that atleast 7 are men.
A. 0.215 B. 0.382 C. 0.612 D. 0.785

10

𝑃 = ∑ 10𝐶𝑥 (0.6)𝑥 (0.4)10−𝑥 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟐

𝑥=7

14. Suppose we have a bowl with 10 marbles (2red, 3green, 5blue). We randomly select 4 marbles from the bowl with replacement. What is the
probability of selecting 2 green marbles and 2 blue marbles?
A. 0.135 B. 0.003 C. 0.021 D. 0.045

4! 2 0 5 2 3 2
𝑃= ( ) ( ) ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟓
2! 2! 0! 10 10 10
15. A symmetrical vertical summit curve has tangents of 4% and -2%. The allowable rate of change of grade is 0.3% per meter station. Stationing
and elevation of PT is at 10+020 and 142.63m respectively. Determine the distance of the highest point of curve from PC.
A. 266.67 B. 200 C. 133.33 D. 33.33

Solution:
Note: 1 station = 20m
𝑔1 − 𝑔2 4% − (−2%)
𝐿= (20𝑚) = (20) = 400𝑚
𝑟 0.3%

We can solve the value of x using ratio and proportion

𝑥 400 − 𝑥
=
4% 2%

𝒙 = 𝟐𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟕𝒎

16. A reversed curve of equal radii connects two parallel tangents 12 m apart. The length of chord from PC to PT is 140 m.
Determine the total length of the reversed curve.
A. 142.85 m B. 140.17 m C. 145.10 m D. 146.70 m

Solution:
Solve for the central angle:
𝐼 12
sin ( ) =
2 140

𝐼 = 9.834𝑜
Solve for the radius:
𝐼
2𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) = 69.74
2
12 140
2𝑅 ( )=
140 2

𝑅 = 408.33𝑚

9.834𝜋
𝐿𝑐 = 2(408.33) ( ) = 140.17𝑚
180
17. A spiral easement curve has a length of 100m with a central curve having a radius of 300m. Determine the degree of a spiral at the third
quarter point.
A. 2.86 B. 1.44 C. 2.34 D. 1.78

Solution:
1145.916
𝐷𝑐 = = 3.82
300
3.82 𝑑𝑐
=
100 3 (100)
4

𝒅𝒄 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟔
18. A certain barangay wishes to purchase a certain equipment which be used in its beautification program valued at 400 000 by selling bonds
worth 5% that will mature in 30 years. The amount to retire the bonds will be raised by paying annual amounts into a sinking fund that will earned
4%. What will be the total annual cost of the bond until they mature. Assume that the bonds can be sold at par and redeemable at par.
A. 27132 B. 21723 C. 22317 D. 17123
19. To prepare for his son’s college education, a man plans to make monthly deposits of 2000 for 60 months starting today. Interest rate is 12%
annually. What will be the total amount accumulated after the last deposit?
A. 160 683 B. 163 339 C. 164 972 D. 162 207

20. You borrow P3,500.00 for one year from a friend at an interest rate of 1.5% per month instead of taking a loan from a bank at a rate of 18%
per year. How much lesser you will pay by borrowing the money from the bank?
A. P62.44 B. P54.66 C. P44.55 D. P37.56

From friend:
𝐹 = 𝑃(1 + 𝑖)𝑛

𝐹 = 3500(1 + 1.5%)12

𝐹 = 4184.66𝑃ℎ𝑝

From bank:
𝐹 = 𝑃(1 + 𝑖)𝑛

𝐹 = 3500(1 + 18%)1

𝐹 = 4130.00𝑃ℎ𝑝

𝐹1 − 𝐹2 = 4184.66 − 4130 = 𝟓𝟒. 𝟔𝟔𝑷𝒉𝒑

21. A young engineer borrowed P 10,000 at 12% interest and paid P 2,000 per annum for the last 4 years. What does he have to pay at the end
of the fifth year in order to pay off his loan?
A. P 6,999.39 B. P 6,222.39 C. P 6,292.93 D. P 6,922.93

10000 = ∑ 2000(1 + 0.12)−𝑥 + 𝐹(1 + 0.12)−5

1

𝑭 = 𝟔𝟗𝟏𝟕. 𝟕𝟐
22. If 2340 vehicles per hour passes a certain highway, with average speed of 52kph, determine the appropriate spacing of these vehicles.
A. 22.2 B. 33.3 C. 44.4 D. 55.5

𝑞 = 𝑘𝑣
2340𝑣𝑒ℎ 52𝑘𝑚
= (𝑘)
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟

45𝑣𝑒ℎ
𝑘=
𝑘𝑚

1000
𝑆= = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝒎/𝒗𝒆𝒉
𝑘

23. The number of accidents for 6 years recorded in a certain section of a roadway is 5892. If the average daily traffic is 476, what is the accident
rate per million entering vehicles?
A. 5547 B. 5893 C. 5712 D. 5652

𝐴 5892
=
1 000 000 6(476)(365)

𝑨 = 𝟓𝟔𝟓𝟐

24. Given five observed velocities in kph: 60, 35, 45, 20, 50, determine the time mean speed.
A. 42 B. 36 C. 39 D. 45

60 + 35 + 45 + 20 + 50
𝑣𝑡𝑚𝑠 = = 𝟒𝟐𝒌𝒑𝒉
5

25. The stopping sight distance does not depend on?

A. Break reaction time B. speed of vehicle C. Length of vehicle D. friction
 1. On a railroad, a 0.80% grade meets a 0.4% at station 2+700 and at elevation
20m. The maximum allowable change in grade per station is 0.2%. Determine
the length of the curve.
A. 40 m B. 120 m C. 100 m D. 150 m

2. Find the loudness of a sound that has an intensity 10,000 times the
threshold of hearing for the average human ear
A. 40 decibels B. 30 decibels C. 20 decibels D.35 decibels

3. An earthquake in San Francisco in 1991 was reported to have a Richter

number of 6.90. How does the intensity of the earthquake compare with the
reference intensity?
A. 7.94x10^6 B. 1.19x10^6 C. 8.39x10^6 D. 5.92x10^6

4. In a certain city in the Philippines, all seven digit telephone numbers

begin with 350. How many telephone numbers maybe assigned to that city if
the last four digits should not begin or end in zero?
A. 10000 B. 5040 C.8100 D. 3024

5. ACME car rental agency charges P4 a day plus a P0.15 a mile, whereas State
rental agency charges P20 a day and P0.05 a mile. How many miles must be
driven to make the daily cost of an ACE rental better than the State
rental?
A. 160 mi/day B. 150 mi/day C. 145 mi/day D. 165 mi/day

6. During the baseball practice, a batter hits a very high fly ball and runs
in a straight line and catches it. Which has the greater displacement,
the play or the ball?
A. The ball and the player have the same distance travelled.
B. The displacement of the player is greater than the displacement of the
ball.
C. The player and the ball have the same displacement.
D. The ball has a greater displacement traveled compared to the player.

7. Find the depth at which the intensity of the radiation passing through a
lead shield is reduced to 3% of the original intensity if the value of k
is 2.1
A. 0.015 mm B. 1.67 mm C. 1.31 mm D. 1.15 mm

8. A projectile is fired with an initial speed of 196 m/s at angle of

30degrees above the horizontal from the top of a cliff 98m high. Determine
the time to reach the maximum height.
A. 10 s B. 12 s C. 8 s D 15 s

9. Determine the degree of simple curve whose central angle is 26° if the
shortest distance of the curve to the point of intersection of the tangent
is 7.54 m. Use arc basis.
A. 3.8° B. 4.3° C. 4.0° D. 4.5°

10. Given the distribution shown below:

x 2 3 11
P(x) 1/3 1/2 1/6

PREPARED BY:
Engr. Belinda dela Cruz
 Find the expectation.
A. 4 B. 7 C. 6 D. 2

11. The probability that the stock market goes up on Monday is 0.60. Given
that it goes up on Monday, the probability that it goes up on Tuesday is
0.30. Find the probability that the market goes up on both days.
A. 0.50 B.0.18 C. 0.25 D. 0.80

12. The volume of the cone varies jointly as its height and the square of
its radius. If the volume of a cone is 80π cubic cm when the radius is 4
cm and the height is 10 cm, find the volume of the cone when the radius
8 cm and the height is 6 cm.
A. 192 π B. 196 π C. 144 π D. 169 π

13. Determine the measure of exterior angle of a regular undecagon.

A. 32.73° B. 147.27° C. 150° D. 30°

14. The cross product of A=4i+2j with B=0. If the dot product of A and B=30,
what is the value of B?
A. 6i+3j C. 6i-3j
B. -6i+3j D. -6i-3j

15. Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 8. Evaluate f (2).

A. 18 B. 44 C. 36 D. 25

16. The angle of elevation of pole 10 m horizontally from it is three times

the angle of elevation at a point 50 m from it. Find the angle of elevation
10 m from the pole.
A. 20.71° B. 41.14° C. 62.11° D. 58.24°

17. A point on the rim of a 0.4 m diameter wheel is travelling at 22 m/s.

What is the angular velocity of the wheel (in radians per second)?
A. 50 B. 55 C. 100 D. 110

18. A distance measured with a 50 m steel tape is recorded as 685.24 m. The

tape is known to be 0.014 m too long. What is the correct length of the
line in meter?
A. 685.048 B. 686.124 C. 685.432 D. 685.924

19. A 150 g ball at the end of a string is revolving uniformly in a horizontal

circle of radius 0.60 m. The ball makes 2 revolutions in a second. What
is its centripetal acceleration in m/s2?
A. 263.19 B. 56.85 C. 94.75 D. 20.94

20. A balance dirt job is one in which:

A. Earthmoving is performed and paid for in the same billing cycle
B. cut and fill volumes are equal
C. As much fill is brought onto the construction site as is required to
fill excavations
D. Top soil is retained for subsequent reuse on the site

PREPARED BY:
Engr. Belinda dela Cruz
 21. Signs which provide means of displaying essential traffic information
on wide multi-lane roads, where some degree of lane use control is
required, or where side-of-road clearance is insufficient to accommodate
a road side sign.
A. Roadwork signs C. Overhead signs
B. Guide signs D. Special instruction signs

22. Light retro-reflecting devices mounted at the side of the roadway, in

series, to indicate the roadway alignment.
A. Traffic cones C. Flexible post or bollard
B. Delineators D. Flashing Lamps

23. Warning devices used to supplement other controls and devices necessary
to alert motorists of construction and maintenance activities or
obstructions in the roadway
A. Traffic cones C. Flexible post or bollard
B. Delineators D. Flashing Lamps

24. Freeway control systems are intended to reduce congestion and queuing
delays on freeways. Freeway control system components currently deployed
includes the following:
I. Ramp-metering
II. Variable-message signs
III. Incident detection
IV. Response systems
V. Radio communication systems
A. I, III, V only C. II, III, IV only
B. II and V only D. All of the above

25. The highest tide which occurs at intervals of half a lunar month when
the sun, moon and earth fall in line.
A. Spring tides C. Flood tides
B. Neap tides D. Ebb tides

26. A wooden buoy of sp.gr. 0.75 floats in a liquid with sp.gr. of 0.85. If
the volume above the liquid surface is 0.0145 m3, what is the weight of
the wooden buoy in kN?
A. 0.906 B. 0.960 C. 1.03 D. 1.30

27. A rectangular plate is vertically submerged half in oil having a specific

gravity of 0.64 and half in water such that its top edge is flushed with
the top surface of the upper liquid and parallel to it. Obtain the ratio
of the force exerted to the plate by the water to that by the oil.
A. 0.26 B. 3.92 C. 3.56 D. 3.00

28. If a container containing water 0.50 m deep is carried inside an elevator

that accelerates at 2 m/s^2, evaluate the pressure, in kPa, exerted by
the water at the base of the container if the elevator is traveling
downward.
A. 3.905 B. 5.905 C. 4.905 D. 6.905

29. An open cylindrical vessel 0.60 m. in diameter contains water 0.90 m.

deep when at rest. If it is rotated about its vertical axis at speed of

PREPARED BY:
Engr. Belinda dela Cruz
1. If the voltage V in an electric circuit is held constant, the current I is inversely proportional to the resistance R. If the
current is 20 amperes when the resistance is 20 ohms, find the current when the resistance is 150 ohms.
A. 2.33 B. 4.67 C. 3.33 D. 2.67
Solution:

𝐼 = 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠)
𝑅 = 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑂ℎ𝑚𝑠)
1
𝐼∝
𝑅
𝑘
𝐼=
𝑅
𝑘 = (20)(20)
𝑘 = 400
𝐼 =? , 𝑅 = 150 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
400
𝐼=
150
𝑰 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟕 𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔
2. Find three numbers such that the second number is 3 more than twice the first number, and the third number is four
times the first number. The sum of the three numbers is 164.
A. 44, 11, 109 B. 88, 22, 54 C. 64, 16, 84 D. 23, 49, 92

Solution:
𝑥 = 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
2𝑥 + 3 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
4𝑥 = 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟

𝑥 + (2𝑥 + 3) + (4𝑥) = 164

𝑥 = 𝟐𝟑
2𝑥 + 3 = 𝟒𝟗
4𝑥 = 𝟗𝟐

3. Jann wants to make a box with no lid from a rectangular sheet of cardboard that is 18 inches by 24 inches. The box is to
be made by cutting a square of side x from each corner of the sheet and folding up the sides. Find the value of x that
maximizes the volume of the box.
A. 4.3 in B. 3.4 in C. 5.6 in D. 4.6 in

Solution:

𝑉 = 𝑥(24 − 2𝑥)(18 − 2𝑥)

𝑉 = 432𝑥 − 84𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 3
𝑇𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑉 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜.

𝑉 ′ = 432 − 168𝑥 + 12𝑥 2 = 0

𝑥 = 10.61 𝑖𝑛 (𝐼𝑁𝑉𝐴𝐿𝐼𝐷)
𝒙 = 𝟑. 𝟒 𝒊𝒏
BY: ENGR. FRANCES NOEL CARVAJAL
4. The good ship Algebra lay at anchor in Montreal Harbour. An interested spectator observed that a ladder was
dangling form her deck; that the bottom four rungs of the ladder were submerged; that each rung was 4 cm wide and
that the rungs were 22 cm apart. The tide was rising at the rate of 36 cm per hour. At the end of two hours, how many
rungs would be submerged?

A. 5 B. 3 C. 4 D. 0

Solution:
𝑭𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒓𝒖𝒏𝒈𝒔 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑒.

5. The area of the sector AOB with point O as its center is equal to 384π having a radius of 48 m. A small circle is
inscribed in the sector which is tangent to all the three sides of the sector. Find the radius of the small circle inscribe in
the sector.

A. 8 m B. 10 m C. 16 m D. 12 m

Solution:

1
𝐴 = 𝑅 2 𝜃𝑟
2
1 𝜃𝜋
384𝜋 = (48)2 ( )
2 180
𝜃 = 60°

Note: OD = R = 48
𝐼𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒,

𝜃 𝑟
sin =
2 𝑅−𝑟
𝑟
sin 30° =
48 − 𝑟
𝒓 = 𝟏𝟔 𝒎

BY: ENGR. FRANCES NOEL CARVAJAL

6. A corner lot of land is 130 m. on one street and 180 m. on the other street, the angle between the two streets being
75°. The other two lines of the lot are respectively perpendicular to the lines of the streets. What is the perimeter of the
boundary of the lot?

A.547.87 m B.745.87 m C.452.09 m D.481.60 m

Solution:

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠.

𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑜
𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 "𝑎" 𝑎𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤.

𝑃 = 130 + 180 + 𝑎 + 𝑏
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝐶𝐵: (𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝐶)
130
sin 15° =
180 + 𝑥
𝑥 = 322.281 𝑚
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐵𝐷𝐸: (𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝐷)
𝑏
tan 15° =
𝑥
𝑏 = 322.281 tan 15°
𝑏 = 86.355 𝑚

𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒,

𝑎 = 𝐵𝐶 − 𝐵𝐸
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐵𝐷𝐸: (𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝐷)
𝑥
cos 15° =
𝐵𝐸
𝐵𝐸 = 333.650 𝑚
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝐶𝐵: (𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝐶)
130
tan 15° =
𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶 = 485.167 𝑚
𝑎 = 485.167 − 333.650
𝑎 = 151.517 𝑚

𝑃 = 130 + 180 + 151.517 + 86.355

𝑷 = 𝟓𝟒𝟕. 𝟖𝟕𝟐 𝒎

BY: ENGR. FRANCES NOEL CARVAJAL

7. Given the following simultaneous differential equations:
2dx/dt – 3dy/dt + x – y = k
3dx/dt + 2dy/dt – x + cos t = 0
Solve for dy/dt.
A. (2/13) [cos t + 3x – 2y – (3/13)k]
B. (1/13) [5x – 3y – 3k – 2cos t]
C. (2/13) [cos t + (5/2)x – (3/2)y –(3/2)k]
D. (-1/16) [sin t + (1/9)x + y + k]

Solution:
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2 −3 + 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑘 → 𝑒𝑞. 1
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
3 +2 − 𝑥 + cos 𝑡 = 0 → 𝑒𝑞. 2
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

2
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑞. 2 𝑏𝑦 −
3
2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 2
− [3 +2 − 𝑥 + cos 𝑡 = 0] −
3 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 3
𝑑𝑥 4 𝑑𝑦 2 2
−2 − + 𝑥 − cos 𝑡 = 0 → 𝑒𝑞. 3
𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡 3 3

𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 1 & 3

13 𝑑𝑦 5 2
− + 𝑥 − 𝑦 − cos 𝑡 = 𝑘
3 𝑑𝑡 3 3

𝑑𝑦
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 :
𝑑𝑡
13 𝑑𝑦 5 2
− = − 𝑥 + 𝑦 + cos 𝑡 + 𝑘
3 𝑑𝑡 3 3
𝑑𝑦 3 5 2
= − [− 𝑥 + 𝑦 + cos 𝑡 + 𝑘]
𝑑𝑡 13 3 3
𝒅𝒚 𝟏
= [𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 − 𝟑𝒌]
𝒅𝒕 𝟏𝟑

8. What is the angle between two vectors A and B?

A = 2i + 10j + 4k
B = 20i - 4j +3k
A. 3.05° B. 86.95° C. 49.05° D. 65.90°

Solution:

|𝐴⃗||𝐵
⃗⃗| cos 𝜃 = 𝐴⃗ ⋅ 𝐵
⃗⃗

|𝐴⃗| = √22 + 102 + 42 = 2√30

⃗⃗| = √202 + (−4)2 + 32 = 5√17

|𝐵

𝐴⃗ ⋅ 𝐵
⃗⃗ = (2)(20) + (10)(−4) + (4)(3) = 12

𝐴⃗ ⋅ 𝐵
⃗⃗
cos 𝜃 =
|𝐴⃗||𝐵⃗⃗|

12
𝜃 = cos−1 [ ]
(2√30)(5√17)

𝜽 = 𝟖𝟔. 𝟗𝟓°
BY: ENGR. FRANCES NOEL CARVAJAL
9. Using a constant angular acceleration, a water turbine is brought to its normal operating speed of 180 rev/min in
6 minutes. How many complete revolutions did the turbine make in coming to normal speed?
A. 450 B. 1080 C. 540 D. 360

Solution:

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝜔𝑓 = 𝜔𝑖 ± 𝛼𝑡 → 𝑒𝑞. 1

𝜔𝑓2 = 𝜔𝑖2 ± 2𝛼𝜃 → 𝑒𝑞. 2

1
𝜃 = 𝜔𝑖 𝑡 ± 𝛼𝑡 2 → 𝑒𝑞. 3
2
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝜔𝑖 = 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝜔𝑓 = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦

𝛼 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑑

𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞. 1:
𝜔𝑓 = 𝜔𝑖 ± 𝛼𝑡
𝑟𝑒𝑣
180 = 0 + 𝛼(6 min)
𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝛼 = 30
𝑚𝑖𝑛2
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞. 3:
1
𝜃 = 𝜔𝑖 𝑡 ± 𝛼𝑡 2
2
1 𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝜃 = 0(6) + (30 ) (6 𝑚𝑖𝑛)2
2 𝑚𝑖𝑛2
𝜽 = 𝟓𝟒𝟎 𝒓𝒆𝒗
Note: eq. 2 can be used in determining θ and it will give the same value

10. A right spherical triangle has an angle C = 90°, a = 50°, and c = 80°. Find the side b.
A.74.33° B.37.47° C. 77.33° D. 33.73°

Solution:

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑐)

cos 𝑐 = cos 𝑎 cos 𝑏 + sin 𝑎 sin 𝑏 cos 𝐶
cos 80° = cos 50° cos 𝑏 + sin 50° sin 𝑏 cos 90°
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: cos 90° = 0
cos 80° = cos 50° cos 𝑏
𝒃 = 𝟕𝟒. 𝟑𝟑°

BY: ENGR. FRANCES NOEL CARVAJAL

11. The rate of change of the temperature of an object is proportional to the difference between the object’s temperature
and the temperature of the surrounding medium. Assume that a refrigerator is maintained at a constant temperature of
50 °F and that an object having a temperature of 90 °F is placed inside the refrigerator. If the temperature of the object
drops from 90 °F to 60°F in 20 minutes, how long will it take for the object’s temperature to decrease to 55 °F?
A. 50.00 mins B.38.70 mins C. 32.20 mins D. 30.00 mins

Solution:

𝐵𝑦 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔,

𝑑𝑇
∝ (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑠 )
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑇
= 𝑘(𝑇 − 𝑇𝑠 )
𝑑𝑡
𝑇 − 𝑇𝑠 = 𝐶𝑒 𝑘𝑡
𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 𝐵𝑥 ,
𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑢1

𝐭 𝐓 − 𝐓𝐬

𝑇𝑠 = 50°𝐹 → 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡,
@ 𝑡 = 0, 𝑇 = 90°𝐹
@ 𝑡 = 20 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠, 𝑇 = 60°𝐹

𝑡 =? , 𝑇 = 55°𝐹

𝒕 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒔

BY: ENGR. FRANCES NOEL CARVAJAL

12. A rubber ball is dropped from a height of 30 m. Each time that it hits the ground it bounces to a height 3/4 of that from
which it fell. Find the total distance travelled by the ball until it comes to rest?
A. 210 B. 120 C. infinite D. 80

Solution:

𝑇𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑, 𝑎𝑑𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑.
𝑑1 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝑑2 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑

𝑑𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑑1 + 𝑑2
𝑎1
𝑑1 =
1−𝑟
30
𝑑1 =
3
1−4

𝑑1 = 120 𝑚
𝑎1
𝑑2 =
1−𝑟
3
(30)
𝑑2 = 4
3
1−4

𝑑2 = 90 𝑚

𝑑𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 120 + 90
𝒅𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝒎

BY: ENGR. FRANCES NOEL CARVAJAL

13. A surveyor set up a transit at point P, which is at the inner portion of a four-sided tract of land ABCD, and read the
bearings and measures the distances as follows:
Line Bearing Distance
PA N 40° 30’ W 420.35
PB N 38° 00’ E 530.15
PC S 70° 00’ E 480.75
PD S 60° 15’ W 695.10
What is the area of the track in hectares?

A. 50.14 B. 44.67 C. 63.04 55.21

Solution:

𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤.

𝐴 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐴𝐴𝑃𝐵 + 𝐴𝐵𝑃𝐶 + 𝐴𝐶𝑃𝐷 + 𝐴𝐷𝑃𝐴

1
𝐴∆ = 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 sin 𝜃
2
1
𝐴𝐴𝑃𝐵 = (420.35)(530.15) sin 78°30′ = 109187.401 𝑚2
2
1
𝐴𝐵𝑃𝐶 = (530.15)(480.75) sin 72° = 121197.703 𝑚2
2
1
𝐴𝐶𝑃𝐷 = (480.75)(695.10) sin 130°15′ = 127524.440 𝑚2
2
1
𝐴𝐷𝑃𝐴 = (695.10)(420.35) sin 79°15′ = 143528.775 𝑚2
2
𝐴 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 109187.401 + 121197.703 + 127524.440 + 143528.775
1 ℎ𝑎
𝐴 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 501438.319 𝑚2 ×
10 000 𝑚2
𝑨𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟏𝟒 𝒉𝒂

BY: ENGR. FRANCES NOEL CARVAJAL

14. A particle moves according to the parametric equations x = t3 and y = 2t2, where tis in seconds and x and y are in
meters. What is the distance covered by the particle when t = 2 sec.?
A. 12.15 m B. 10.11 m C. 11.52 m D. 12.51 m

Solution:

𝑑𝑠 2 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 2
( ) =( ) +( )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 2
= √( ) + ( )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑡2
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑠 = ∫ √( ) + ( ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑡1

𝑥 = 𝑡3
𝑑𝑥
= 3𝑡 2
𝑑𝑡
𝑦 = 2𝑡 2
𝑑𝑦
= 4𝑡
𝑑𝑡
2

𝑠 = ∫ √(3𝑡 2 )2 + (4𝑡)2 𝑑𝑡
0

𝒔 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟐 𝒎

BY: ENGR. FRANCES NOEL CARVAJAL

15. Sand is pouring from a spout at the rate of 25 cc/sec. It forms a cone whose height is always 1/3 the radius of its base.
At what rate in cm/sec is the height increasing, when the cone is 50 cm high?
A. 0.000354 B. 0.000534 C. 0.000453 D. 0.000434

Solution:

1
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑅 2 𝐻
3
1
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐻 = 𝑅
3
𝑅 = 3𝐻
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑅 = 3𝐻 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
1
𝑉 = 𝜋(3𝐻)2 𝐻
3
𝑉 = 3𝜋𝐻 3
𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒.
𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝐻
= 9𝜋𝐻 2 ∙
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉 𝑐𝑚3
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, = 25 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻 = 50 𝑐𝑚.
𝑑𝑡 𝑠
𝑑𝐻
25 = 9𝜋(50)2 ( )
𝑑𝑡
𝒅𝑯
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟒 𝒄𝒎/𝒔
𝒅𝒕

Alternate Solution:

𝑄 =𝐴∙𝑣
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝑑𝑉
𝑄= = 25 𝑐𝑚3 /𝑠
𝑑𝑡
𝐴 = 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑑𝐻
𝑣=
𝑑𝑡
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑅 2
1
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐻 = 𝑅
3
𝑅 = 3𝐻
𝑅 = 3(50)
𝑅 = 150 𝑐𝑚

𝐴 = 𝜋(150)2
𝐴 = 22500𝜋

BY: ENGR. FRANCES NOEL CARVAJAL

 𝑄 =𝐴∙𝑣
𝑑𝐻
25 = 22500𝜋 ( )
𝑑𝑡
𝒅𝑯
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟒 𝒄𝒎/𝒔
𝒅𝒕

3 2𝑦
16. Evaluate: ∫1 ∫0 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

A. 52/3 B. 280/3 C. 206/9 D. 230/6

Solution:

3 2𝑦

∫ ∫ (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
1 0

3
𝑥3
∫( + 𝑦 2 𝑥) 𝑑𝑦
3
1

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 2𝑦.

3
(2𝑦)3
∫( + 𝑦 2 (2𝑦)) 𝑑𝑦
3
1

3
8𝑦 3
∫( + 2𝑦 3 ) 𝑑𝑦
3
1

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟:

ANS: 280/3

17. A line measures 10 000 m at an average elevation of 500 m. If the average radius of curvature in the area is 7000 km,
determine the sea level reduction factor.

Hint : Sea level reduction factor = (1 – h/R)

Where : h = elevation, R = radius

A. 0.992229 B. 0.999999 C. 0.999929 D. 0.999992

Solution:

ℎ
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 1 −
𝑅

500
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 1 −
7000(1000)

𝑺𝒆𝒂 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟐𝟗

BY: ENGR. FRANCES NOEL CARVAJAL

18. A ship sailing due east when a light is observed bearing N 62°10’ E. After the ship has travelled 2250 m, the light bears
N 48°25’ E. If the course is continued, how close will the ship approach the light?
A. 2495 B. 5492 C. 2934 D. 4392

Solution:

𝑆 = 𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝

𝑆 ′ = 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝
𝐷 = 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡.

𝑥 2250
=
sin (138°25′ ) sin (13°45′ )

𝑥 = 6282.85 𝑚

𝐷
sin(27°50′ ) =
𝑥

𝐷
sin(27°50′ ) =
6282.85

𝑫 = 𝟐𝟗𝟑𝟑. 𝟒𝟕 𝒎

BY: ENGR. FRANCES NOEL CARVAJAL

19. A grocer bought a number of items for P1440. Later the price increased by P2.00 per item and has a result he received
24 fewer items for the same amount. Find the number of items bought first.
A. 150 B. 124 C. 162 D. 144

Solution:

𝑥 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡

1440
= 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝒃𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑥

1440
( + 2) = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝒂𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑥

After the price increase:

(𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦)(𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒) = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑡

1440
(𝑥 − 24) ( + 2) = 1440
𝑥

𝒙 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒

2𝑥 4
20. Find the horizontal asymptote of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 −3𝑥2 −1

A. y – 2 = 0 B. y + 2 = 0 C. x + 2 = 0 D. x – 2 = 0

Solution:

𝑦 = lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→∞

2𝑥 4
𝑦 = lim
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 − 1

𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠, 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑥 𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒.

𝑆𝑎𝑦 𝑥 = 9999999

𝒚 = 𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝒚 − 𝟐 = 𝟎

Alternate Solution:

𝐼𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟,

𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟.

2𝑥 4
𝑦=
1𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 − 1

𝟐
𝒚= = 𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝒚 − 𝟐 = 𝟎
𝟏

BY: ENGR. FRANCES NOEL CARVAJAL

21. Estimate the production (LCM/hr) for a medium-weight clamshell excavating loose earth. The soil is hard clay with a
bucket fill factor of 0.75. The nominal capacity of the bucket is 0.63 m^3.
Hint: Cycle time = 50 s
Job Efficiency = 45min/h
A. 52.25 B. 25.52 C. 22.55 D. 22.25

Solution:

𝑃 =𝐵×𝑆×𝐶×𝐸×𝑉
𝐵 = 0.75
𝑆 = 1.00
𝐶𝑡 = 50 𝑠
1 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 3600 𝑠 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝐶= × = 72
50 𝑠 1 ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟
𝑚𝑖𝑛 1 ℎ𝑟
𝐸 = 45 × = 0.75
ℎ𝑟 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐿𝐶𝑀
𝑉 = 0.63
𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
𝑃 = (0.75)(1.00)(72)(0.75)(0.63)
𝑷 = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟓𝟐 𝑳𝑪𝑴/𝒉𝒓

22. The actual average observed time for a given job is 10 minutes. The performance rating is 80%, and allowances are
set by contract at 10%. What is the standard time?
Hint: Normal Time = (Average Time)(Performance Rating)
Standard time = Normal Time/(1 – Allowance Factor)
A. 8.89 mins B. 8.00 mins C. 6.89 mins D. 6 mins

Solution:

𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = (𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒)(𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔)

𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = (10)(0.80)
𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 8 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠

𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒/(1 − 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟)

8
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 =
1 − 0.10
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 = 𝟖. 𝟖𝟗 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒔

23. A 200-g ball is thrown so that it acquires a speed of 30 m/s. What was the net work done on the ball to make it reach
this speed, if it started from rest?
A.45 J B. 90 J C. 0 D. 30 J

Solution:

𝑊 = ∆𝐾𝐸
1
𝑊 = 𝑚(𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑣𝑖2 )
2
1
𝑊 = (0.2)(302 − 02 )
2
𝑾 = 𝟗𝟎 𝑵 − 𝒎 𝒐𝒓 𝑱

BY: ENGR. FRANCES NOEL CARVAJAL

24. The sides of a rectangular section were determined to be 650.03 ± 0.008 m and 462.62 ± 0.006 m, respectively.
Determine the probable error in the area in square meter.

A. 3.589 B. 5.895 C. 5.377 D. 4.537

Solution:

Use Probable Error the Product in getting the PE of the Area:

𝑃𝐸 = √(𝑄1 ∙ 𝑃𝐸2 )2 + (𝑄2 ∙ 𝑃𝐸1 )2

𝑃𝐸 = √(650.03 ∙ 0.006)2 + (462.62 ∙ 0.008)2

𝑷𝑬 = ± 𝟓. 𝟑𝟕𝟕 𝒎𝟐

25. A wheel tractor-scraper weighing 91 t is being operated on a haul road with a tire penetration of 5 cm. What is the
total resistance (kg) when the scraper is descending a slope of 5%?
A. 4550 B. 0 C. 9100 D. 5535

Solution:

TR = Total Resistance

GR = Grade Resistance

RR = Rolling Resistance

GRF = Grade Resistance Factor

RRF = Rolling Resistance Factor

𝑇𝑅 = 𝐺𝑅 + 𝑅𝑅

𝑅𝑅𝐹 = 20 + 6𝑝
Note: p = penetration in cm.

𝑅𝑅𝐹 = 20 + 6(5)
𝑅𝑅𝐹 = 50 𝑘𝑔/𝑡
𝑅𝑅 = 𝐺𝑅𝐹 ∙ 𝑊
𝑅𝑅 = (50 𝑘𝑔/𝑡)(91 𝑡)
𝑅𝑅 = 4550 𝑘𝑔

𝐺𝑅𝐹 = 10 × 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒(%)
𝐺𝑅𝐹 = 10 × (−5)
𝐺𝑅𝐹 = −50 𝑘𝑔/𝑡
𝐺𝑅 = 𝑅𝑅𝐹 ∙ 𝑊
𝐺𝑅 = (−50 𝑘𝑔/𝑡)(91 𝑡)
𝐺𝑅 = −4550 𝑘𝑔

𝑇𝑅 = 4550 − 4550
𝑻𝑹 = 𝟎

BY: ENGR. FRANCES NOEL CARVAJAL

1. A ball on the end of string is revolved at a uniform rate in a vertical circle of radius 72.0 cm, If its speed is 4.00 m/s and
its mass is 0.3kg, calculate the tension in the string when the ball is at top of its path and at the bottom of its path.
A. Ttop = 4.72 N, Tbot = 10.61 N C. Ttop = 5.72 N, Tbot = 10.61 N
B. Ttop = 3.2 N, Tbot = 10.61 N D. Ttop = 3.72 N, Tbot = 9.61 N

SOLUTION:

NOTE:
𝒎𝒗𝟐
𝑪𝑭 =
𝒓
𝑾 = 𝒎𝒈
At the top:
𝑇𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 𝑊 − 𝐶𝐹
𝑚𝑣 2
𝑇𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 𝑚𝑔 −
𝑟
0.3(4)2
𝑇𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 0.3(9.81) −
0.72
𝑇𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 3.72 𝑁

𝑻𝒕𝒐𝒑 = 𝑾 + 𝑪𝑭
𝑚𝑣 2
𝑇𝑏𝑜𝑡 = 𝑚𝑔 +
𝑟
0.3(4)2
𝑇𝑏𝑜𝑡 = 0.3(9.81) +
0.72
𝑇𝑏𝑜𝑡 = 9.61 𝑁

2. A hemispherical tank of radius 20 ft. is filled with water to a 15 ft. depth. Find the work done in pumping at all the water to
a point 10 ft. above the hemispherical tank
A. 2,123,623 C. 13,508,063
B. 4,247,246 D. 6,754,031

SOLUTION:
For varying cross-section:
ℎ2
𝑊𝑂𝑅𝐾 = ∫ 𝑑𝐹(𝑦)
ℎ1
Based on the figure:
𝑑𝐹 = 𝛾𝜋𝑥 2 𝑑ℎ
𝑦 = 30 − ℎ
ℎ1 = 0
ℎ2 = 15
Solving for X:
𝑥 2 + (20 − ℎ)2 = 202
𝑥 2 = 202 − (202 − 40ℎ
+ ℎ2 )
𝑥 2 = 40ℎ − ℎ2
Therefore:
ℎ2
𝑊𝑂𝑅𝐾 = ∫ 𝑑𝐹(𝑦)
ℎ1
ℎ2
𝑊𝑂𝑅𝐾 = ∫ 𝛾𝜋𝑥 2 𝑑ℎ(30 − ℎ)
ℎ1
15
𝑊𝑂𝑅𝐾 = ∫ 62.4𝜋(40ℎ − ℎ2 )2 (30 − ℎ) 𝑑ℎ
0
𝑊𝑂𝑅𝐾 = 13,508,063 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑓𝑡
3. A simple pendulum is used in a physics laboratory experiment to obtain an experimental value for the gravitational
acceleration. A particular student measures the length of the pendulum to be 0.60 m., displaces it 10˚ from the equilibrium
position and releases it. Using a stopwatch, the student determines the period of the pendulum is 1.55 sec. Determine
the experimental value of gravitational acceleration.
A. 9.80 B. 9.86 C. 9.90 D. 9.95

SOLUTION:
Period of a pendulum:
𝑳
𝑻 = 𝟐𝝅√
𝒈
WHERE:
𝑻 → 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒅
𝑳 → 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝒈 → 𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒖𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚
Therefore:
𝑳
𝑻 = 𝟐𝝅√
𝒈

𝟎. 𝟔
𝟏. 𝟓𝟓 = 𝟐𝝅√
𝒈
𝒈 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟔 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

4. When the angle of elevation of the sun is 64˚, a telephone pole that is tilted at an angle of 9˚ directly away from the sun
casts a shadow 21 feet long on level ground. Approximate the length of the pole.
A. 76.99ft B. 25ft C. 13.40ft D. 33ft
SOLUTION:
5. A test consists of 6 questions and to pass the test, a student has to answer at least 4 questions correctly. Each question
has three possible answers, of which only one is correct. If a student guesses on each question, what is the probability
that the student will pass the test?
A. 0.0988 B. 0.1001 C. 0.0823 D. 0.1103

SOLUTION:
𝑷(𝒙) = 𝒏𝑪𝒙 𝒑𝒙 𝒒𝒓−𝒙
Where:
𝒑 → 𝒑𝒂𝒔𝒔
𝒒 → 𝒇𝒂𝒊𝒍
𝒏

𝑷(𝒂𝒕 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝟒) = ∑ 𝒏𝑪𝒙 𝒑𝒙 𝒒𝒏−𝒙

𝟒
Therefore:
𝟔
𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟔−𝒙
𝑷(𝒂𝒕 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝟒) = ∑ 𝟔𝑪𝒙 ( ) ( )
𝟑 𝟑
𝟒
𝑷(𝒂𝒕 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝟒) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒

6. A spider and a fly are located at opposite vertices of a room of dimensions 1, 2 and 3 units. Assuming that the fly is too
terrified to move, find the minimum distance the spider must crawl to reach the fly.
a. √14
b. 3√2
c. 2√5
d. √26

SOLUTION.
To solve this problem, we can use maxima minima. But the easier way to solve this is to consider possible nets of the room,
Based on the figure shown we can use directly the Pythagorean theorem
Calculating d1
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2

(3 + 1)2 + (2)2 = 𝑑2 2

𝑑1 = 3√2

Calculating d2
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2

(3 + 1)2 + (2)2 = 𝑑2 2

𝑑2 = 2√5

Calculating d3
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2

(3)2 + (2 + 1)2 = 𝑑2 2

𝑑3 = 3√2

The shortest distance is 𝟑√𝟐

7. Suppose a card is picked at random from a deck of cards. Given that the card is a black card, find the probability that it is
a face card.
A. 6/26
B. 3/26
C. 1/2
D. 1/6

SOLUTION.
Let: 𝑃(𝐴) = probability that a card is black
𝑃(𝐴Ⴖ𝐵) = probability that a card is a black and a face card
𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) = probability that the card is a face card given that it is black.

From the theory of conditional probability:

𝑃(𝐴Ⴖ𝐵)
𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐴)

There are 6 face cards that are black cards in a 52 playing cards
6
𝑃(𝐴Ⴖ𝐵) = 52

There are 26 black cards in a 52 deck of playing cards

26
𝑃(𝐴) = 52

Therefore:
6/52
𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) = (26/52)

6
𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) = 26

8. The coordinate axes are asymptotes of the equilateral hyperbola whose vertex in the first quadrant is 3√2 units from the
origin. What is the equation of the hyperbola?
a. 𝑥𝑦 = 3√2
b. 𝑥𝑦 = 18
c. 𝑥𝑦 = 6
d. 𝑥𝑦 = 9

SOLUTION.
For hyperbola with asymptotes on the coordinate axes:
2𝑥𝑦 = 𝑎2
𝑎 → 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥

𝑎 = 3√2

2𝑥𝑦 = (3√2)2
𝑥𝑦 = 9
9. A 40 kg block is resting on an inclined plane making an angle of 200 from the horizontal. If the coefficient of friction is
0.6. Determine the force parallel to the inclined that must be applied to prevent the block from sliding.
a. 355.45 N
b. 87.03 N
c. 0
d. 134.21 N

SOLUTION.

We have to check first if the crate will slide down.

Let: 𝑓𝑓 = 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝐹𝑓 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝑊𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 𝑓𝑓 = 0

40(9.81)𝑠𝑖𝑛20 − 𝑓𝑓 = 0

𝑓𝑓 = 134.21 𝑁

∑ 𝐹𝑣 = 0
𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑁 = 0
40(9.81)𝑐𝑜𝑠20 − 𝑁 = 0
𝑁 = 368.74 𝑁
Solve the maximum frictional force 𝐹𝑓 .

𝐹𝑓 = µ𝑁

𝐹𝑓 = 0.6(368.74)

𝐹𝑓 = 221.24 𝑁

𝑓𝑓 < 𝐹𝑓

THEREFORE: The crate will not slide no need to apply force to prevent the crate from sliding
𝐹=0

10. Find the polar equation that has the same graph as the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4𝑦
a. 𝑟 = 4𝑠𝑖𝑛
b. 𝑟 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠
c. 𝑟 = 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2
d. 𝑟 = 4𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 4𝑐𝑜𝑠

SOLUTION.
In polar coordinate system:
𝑥 = 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑦 = 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4𝑦
(𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠)2 + (𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛)2 = 4𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑟 2 [(𝑐𝑜𝑠)2 + (𝑠𝑖𝑛)2 ] = 4𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑟 2 [1] = 4𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑟 = 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛
11. A polyhedron having 12faces, each face is a regular pentagon. Determine the number of edges?
a. 12
b. 60
c. 10
d. 30

SOLUTION.
For any polyhedron:
𝑛𝑓
𝑒=∑ 2

𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑔𝑜𝑛

𝑓 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦ℎ𝑒𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑛
𝑒 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦ℎ𝑒𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑛

𝑛 = 5 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠
5(6)
𝑒= 2

𝑒 = 30 𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒𝑠

12. Find the work done in lifting a 5000kg payload from the surface of the earth to the height of 30km.
𝑘 = 6.67𝑥10−11 𝑁𝑚2 /𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ = 6𝑥1024 𝑘𝑔
𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ = 6400𝑘𝑚
a. 1.56𝑥10 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
9

b. 1.46𝑥109 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
c. 1.66𝑥109 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
d. 1.36𝑥109 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠

SOLUTION:
Recall the work for varying force:
ℎ2
𝑊𝑂𝑅𝐾 = ∫ 𝐹(ℎ)𝑑ℎ
ℎ1
𝐺𝑚1 𝑚2
𝐹(ℎ) =
𝑑2
Where:
𝐹(ℎ) → 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ.
𝑑 → 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 2 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠
𝑘 → 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑚1 → 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝑚2 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ
Therefore:
ℎ2
𝑘𝑚1 𝑚2
𝑊𝑂𝑅𝐾 = ∫ 𝑑ℎ
ℎ1 𝑑2

ℎ2=30,000
6.67𝑥10−11 (6𝑥1024 )(5000)
𝑊𝑂𝑅𝐾 = ∫ 𝑑ℎ
ℎ1=0 (6,400,000 + ℎ)2

𝑊𝑂𝑅𝐾 = 1.46𝑥109 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠

13. The management of Megareview plans to buy a lot in Baguio City for opening a new review center branch. The following
is the lot dimensions.

COURSE BEARING DISTANCE (m)

1-2 N 57039’ W 145.16
2-3 --------- -----
3-4 S 44045’ E 62.10
4-5 N 31016’ E 300.00

What is the distance of the line 2-3?

a. 290m
b. 299.995m
c. 300.023m
d. 76.789m

SOLUTION:
A closed traverse has an error of closure E equal to zero
𝐸 = 𝑆1 1 + 𝑆2 2 + 𝑆3 3 + 𝑆4 4 = 0
Where:
𝑆 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑥 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
1 = N 570 39′ W → 90 + 570 39′ = 1470 39′ 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
3 = S 440 45′ E → 270 + 440 45′ = 3140 45′ 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
4 = N 310 16′ E → 90 − 310 16′ = 580 44′ 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

𝑆1 1 + 𝑆2 2 + 𝑆3 3 + 𝑆4 4 = 0

𝑆2 2 = 0 − (𝑆1 1 + 𝑆3 3 + 𝑆4 4 )

𝑆2 2 = 0 − [145.16(1470 39′ ) + 62.10(2250 15′ ) + 300(580 44′ )]

USING COMPLEX MODE

Input the data above

𝑆2 2 = −76.795 − 289.999𝑖

𝑆2 = √76.7952 + 289.9992
𝑆2 = 299.995 𝑚
14. A farmer owned a square field measuring exactly 2261 yds on each side. 1898 yds from one corner and 1009 yards from
an adjacent corner stood a Narra tree. A neighbor offered to purchase a triangular portion of the field stipulating that a
fence should be erected in a straight line from one side of the field to an adjacent side so that the Narra tree was part of
the fence. The farmer accepted the offer but made sure that the triangular portion was of minimum area. How long was
the fence?
a. 2018yrds
b. 2019yrds
c. 2017yrds
d. 2023yrds

SOLUTION:
By Pythagorean theorem calculate x and y:
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 10092
𝑥 2 = 10092 − 𝑦 2 → 𝑒𝑞. 1
𝑥 2 + (2261 − 𝑦)2 = 18982
𝑥 2 = 18982 − (2261 − 𝑦)2 → 𝑒𝑞. 2

Substitute 𝑒𝑞. 1 and 𝑒𝑞. 2

10092 − 𝑦 2 = 18982 − (2261 − 𝑦)2
𝑦 = 559 𝑦𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠
𝑥 2 = 10092 − 5592
𝑥 = 840 𝑦𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠
𝐴 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 𝐴3
1 1 𝑦
𝐴 = 2 (𝑥)(𝑥 tan ) + 𝑥𝑦 + 2 (𝑦)(tan )

𝑥2 𝑦2
𝐴= tan  + 𝑥𝑦 + 2 tan 
2

8402 5592
𝐴= tan  + (840)(559) + 2 tan 
2

𝐴 = 352800 tan  + 469560 + 156240.5 cot 

𝑑
To minimize the area 𝑑𝑟 (𝐴) = 0
𝑑
(352800 tan  + 469560 + 156240.5 cot ) = 0
𝑑

352800 sec 2  + 0 + 156240.5(− csc 2 ) = 0

352800 sec 2  = 156240.5(csc 2 )
352800 sin2  = 156240.5(cos 2 )
 = 33.643 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠
To calculate the length:
𝑋 𝑦
𝐿 = cos  + sin 
840 559
𝐿 = cos 33.643 + sin 33.643

𝐿 = 2018 𝑦𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠
15. A coin is so unbalanced that you are likely to get two heads in two successive throws as you are to get tails in one. What
is the probability of getting head in single throw?

SOLUTION.
LET:
𝑝 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑
𝑞 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙
From the statement “you are likely to get two heads in two successive throws as you are to get tails in one.”
𝑝∗𝑝=𝑞
𝑝∗𝑝 = 1−𝑝
𝑝2 + 𝑝 − 1 = 0
𝑝 = 0.618 𝑝 = −1.618

16. The following data were taken on five cars traversing a 2.6-kilometer highway.
Car Time (minutes)
A 1.1
B 1.2
C 1.3
D 1.4
E 1.5
Compute the space mean speed in kph.

SOLUTION.
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑(µ𝑠 )
𝑛𝑑
µ𝑠 = ∑ 𝑡
5𝑥2.6
µ𝑠 = 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
+ + + +
60 60 60 60 60

µ𝑠 = 120 𝑘𝑝ℎ

17. A company determines that in the production of x units of a commodity its revenue function R(x) = - 3x2 + 970x. Find the
revenue gained from the production of the forty-first unit. Approximate this value by means of the marginal revenue.
A. 700 C. 630
B. 750 D. 727

SOLUTION:
The marginal revenue is the additional revenue added by increasing the quantity.

get the revenue of 40 units produced:

𝑅(40) = −3(40)2 + 970(40)
𝑅(40) = 34,000
Get the revenue of 41 units produced:
𝑅(41) = −3(41)2 + 970(41)
𝑅(41) = 34,727

THE ADDITIONAL REVENUE WHEN WE ADD 1 MORE UNIT.

𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑒 = 34727 − 34000
𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒆 = 𝟕𝟐𝟕
18. Find the area bounded by the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 and the x-axis on
(-2,1).
16 15 17 18
A. B. C. D. 2
4 4 4 4

SOLUTION:
Since y=x^3 is negative on the left side of the y-axis and positive on the right side we must perform 2 integrations
here.
𝑨𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝑨𝟏 + 𝑨𝟐
𝟎
𝑨𝟏 = ∫ 𝒙𝟑 𝒅𝒙
−𝟐
𝑨𝟏 = −𝟒 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝟏
𝑨𝟐 = ∫ 𝒙𝟑 𝒅𝒙
𝟎
𝟏
𝑨𝟐 = 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝟒
Therefore:
𝟏
𝑨𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = | − 𝟒| +
𝟒
𝟏𝟕
𝑨𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝒔𝒒. 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝟒

19. The rate of change of the temperature of an object is proportional to the difference between the objects temperature and
the temperature of the surrounding medium. Assume that a refrigerator is maintained at a constant temperature of 45˚F
and that an object having a temperature of 80˚F is placed inside the refrigerator. If the temperature of the object drops
from 80˚F to 70˚F in 15 minutes, how long will it take for the object’s temperature to decrease to 60˚F?
SOLUTION:

Newtons law of cooling formula:

T − Ts = Ce−𝑘𝑡
Where:
𝑇𝑠 → 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
k → is a positive constant
𝑇 → 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝐶 → 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
When t=o: T=80
80 − 45 = 𝐶𝑒 −𝑘(0)
𝐶 = 35
When t=15 mins; T=70
70 − 45 = 35𝑒 −𝑘(15)
𝑘 = 0.0224315
Find t when T=60
60 − 45 = 35−0.0224315𝑡
𝑡 = 37.77 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠

Since from 80 t0 70 it will take 15 mins

Therefore: from 70 to 60 = 37.77-15 = 22.77 mins
20. The benefits for a highway project are $1.2 million per year in time savings. During year 3, the benefits will be tripled
because of planned construction on another highway. The regional transportation authority mandates an interest rate of
4%, and the project has an expected life of 50 years. What is the present worth of the benefits?
A. P27.91 M B. P72.81 M C. P78.81 M D. P72.11 M

SOLUTION:
Refer to the cash flow diagram:

𝑨[(𝟏 + 𝒊)𝒏 − 𝟏] 𝟐𝑨
𝑷𝑾 = +
𝒊(𝟏 + 𝒊)𝒏 (𝟏 + 𝒊)𝟑

𝟏. 𝟐[(𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒)𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏] 𝟐(𝟏. 𝟐)

𝑷𝑾 = +
𝟎. 𝟎𝟒(𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒) 𝟓𝟎 (𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒)𝟑

𝑷𝑾 = 𝑷𝟐𝟕. 𝟗𝟏 𝑴

21. The direct angular value of the vertical circle of the transit is recorded as 86˚24’00’’. If the reading of the reverse angular
value in the vertical circle is 273˚36’10’’, compute the correct value of the vertical angle
A. 86˚23'55'' B. 86˚23'50'' C. 86˚24'50'' D. 86˚24'55''

SOLUTION:
𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒1 + 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒2
𝑀𝑃𝑉 =
2
860 24′ 00′′ + (3600 − 2730 36′ 10′′ )
𝑀𝑃𝑉 =
2
0
𝑀𝑃𝑉 = 86 23′55′′

22. A vehicle traveling at 40 kph was stopped within 1.8 sec. after the application of brakes. Determine the average skid
resistance.
A. 0.63 B. 72 C. 0.56 D. 0.66

SOLUTION:
For rectilinear motion:
𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑡
40 𝑚
= 0 + 𝑎(1.8𝑠𝑒𝑐)
3.6 𝑠
𝑎 = 6.176 𝑚/𝑠 2
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
1
𝑠 = 0(1.8) + (6.176)(1.8)2
2
𝑠 = 10𝑚
Braking distance formula:
𝑣2
𝑠=
2𝑔𝑓
40 2
(3.6)
10 =
2(9.81)𝑓
𝑓 = 0.63
23. A horizontal collimation test is performed on an automatic level with the instrument set up at 1, the rod reading at A was
5.63 ft. and to B was 5.9 ft. After moving and leveling the instrument at point 2, the rod reading to A was determined to
be 5.310 ft. and to B is 5.560 ft. What is the corrected reading to A from point 2? Refer to the figure below.

P1
A
B
P2
100m 100m 100m

SOLUTION:

Let y be difference in level between A and B

When the instrument is set-up at P1
𝒆𝟏 + 𝟓. 𝟔𝟑 + 𝒚 = 𝒆𝟐 + 𝟓. 𝟗
𝒆𝟏 − 𝒆𝟐 + 𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕 → 𝒆𝒒. 𝟏
When the instrument is set-up at P2
𝒆𝟐 + 𝟓. 𝟑𝟏 + 𝒚 = 𝒆𝟏 + 𝟓. 𝟓𝟔𝟎
−𝒆𝟏 + 𝒆𝟐 + 𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 → 𝒆𝒒. 𝟐
Relate 𝒆𝟏 𝒕𝒐 𝒆𝟐 :
𝒆𝟏 𝒆𝟐
=
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝒆𝟏 − 𝒆𝟐 = 𝟎 → 𝒆𝒒. 𝟑
Three equations with 3 unknowns:
𝒆𝟏 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝒇𝒕 𝒆𝟐 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝒇𝒕 𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔𝒇𝒕
24. Therefore, the corrected reading of A when instrument is at P2
𝑹𝑨 = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟏 + (−𝟎. 𝟎𝟐)
𝑹𝑨 = 𝟓. 𝟐𝟗𝒇
 Refresher Exam 10 – MSTC, HPGE, AND PSAD

Solve for x: 2x+4=10 A one cubic meter design mix was proportioned at 1:2.25:3.25. Water
A. -3 B. 3 C. 4 D. -4 content was specified at 137 kg per cubic meter maximum and cement
content is 9 bags per cubic meter (40 kg per bag of cement). The
SOLUTION:
specific gravity of cement, fine sand and coarse aggregate are 3.15,
2x+4=10 2.65 and 2.68, respectively. Which of the following gives the
2x =10-4 requirement (in kg) of fine sand per cubic meter?
X=3 A. 681.43 C. 810
B. 917.31 D. 791.64
Boss Junelie has 20 balls of four colors: yellow, green, blue, and black.
17 of them are not green, 5 are black, and 12 are not yellow. How many SOLUTION:
blue balls does Boss Junelie have?
40𝑘𝑔
A. 4 B. 6 C. 5 D. 7 𝑊𝑐𝑒𝑚 (𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑔) = (9𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠/𝑚3)( ) = 360 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝑏𝑎𝑔
SOLUTION: For 1 m3 of concrete
𝑘𝑔
𝑊 ൬360 3 𝑥1𝑚3 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐. ൰
N = 20 balls (total) 𝑚
𝑉𝑐𝑒𝑚 = = = 0.1143𝑚3
“17 are not green” means there are 3 green (G) 𝛾𝑐𝑒𝑚 𝑘𝑔
1000 3 𝑥3.15
“12 are not yellow” means there are 8 yellow (Y) 𝑚
5 are black (B) Based on design mix proportion:
Then, 1:2.25:3.25 (cement, sand, coarse agg)
G=3, Y=8, B=5, X=? (blue) 𝑉𝑐𝑒𝑚 1 𝑉𝑐𝑒𝑚 1
N=G+Y+B (i.e. = ; = )
𝑉𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 2.25 𝑉𝑐𝑎 3.25
20=3+8+5+X Thus,
X = 4 blue For 1 m3 of concrete
𝑉𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 2.25𝑉𝑐𝑒𝑚 = 2.25(0.1143) = 0.257𝑚3
𝑊𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 1000(2.65)(0.2572) = 𝟔𝟖𝟏. 𝟒𝟑𝒌𝒈
How many permutations can be made out of the letters of the word
Philippines?
A. 1,108,800 C. 2,266,589 An extremely light, drivable car with a mass of only 9.50-kg was built.
B. 1,081,800 D. 3,326,400 Suppose that the wheels of the car are locked, so that the car no longer
rolls. If the car is pushed up a 30.0° slope by an applied force of 80.0-N
SOLUTION: (applied parallel to the incline), the net acceleration of the car is 1.64-
𝑁! m/s2. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the tires and the
𝑛(𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠) = roadway.
𝑝! 𝑞! 𝑟! …
𝑁 = 𝑝+𝑞+𝑟+⋯ A. 0.16 C. 0.10
Philippines, N = 11 B. 0.22 D. 0.34
𝑃 = 1, ℎ = 1, 𝑖 = 3, 𝑙 = 1, 𝑝 = 2
𝑛 = 1, 𝑒 = 1, 𝑠 = 1 SOLUTION:

𝑁! 11! :
𝑛(𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠) = = = 𝟑, 𝟑𝟐𝟔, 𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝑝! 𝑞! 𝑟! … 1! 1! 3! 1! 2! 1! 1! 1!
Note: P and p are two unique elements
Calculate the pressure loss (bar) for a 200m-length of 50mm diameter
pipe, resulting from delivering 10 m3 /min (free air) compressed to 7 bar
ie. 8 bar.
𝑓𝑣 1.85 𝐿
Hint: ∆𝑝 = , use f = 82x103
𝑑5𝑝
𝑚3
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 ( ) 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑖𝑟
𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐿 = 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ (𝑚)
𝑑 = 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑚𝑚) 𝑅𝐸𝐹 = ∑ 𝐹𝑥 +
𝑝 = 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑟
A. 0.25 B. 0.5 C. 0.75 D. 0.15 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑓𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 − 𝑊𝑥 − 𝑓𝑘
(9.5)(1.64) = 80 − 93.195𝑠𝑖𝑛30° − 𝜇𝑘 (93.195𝑐𝑜𝑠30°
SOLUTION:
𝝁𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟏
(82x103 )(10m3 /min)1.85 (200m)
∆p = ≈ 𝟎. 𝟓 𝐛𝐚𝐫
(50mm)5 (8 bar)

PREPARED BY: ENGR. MBL

 Refresher Exam 10 – MSTC, HPGE, AND PSAD

The tallest inhabited building in the world is the Sears Tower in A four-wheel-drive tractor weighs 20,000 kg and produces a maximum
Chicago. If the observation tower is 1450 feet above ground level, how rimpull of 18,160 kg at sea level. The tractor is being operated at an
far can a person standing in the observation tower see (with the aid of a altitude of 3050 m on wet earth. A pull of 10,000 kg is required to move
telescope)? Use 3960 miles for the radius of earth. the tractor and its load. Can the tractor perform under these conditions?
Note: 1 mile = 5280 feet. Use Equation 8 to estimate altitude deration.
A. 46.64 mi C. 36.26 mi Hint:
B. 35.58 mi D. 53.48 mi 𝐴𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 (𝑚) − 915
𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 (%) =
SOLUTION: 102
Maximum usable pull= Coefficient of traction x Weight
The hypotenuse is the radius of Earth + the height of the Table 2. Typical values of coefficient of traction
tower.
Type of Surface Rubber Tires Tracks
Let’s convert all units to miles.
1𝑚𝑖 Concrete, dry 0.90 0.45
𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = 1450𝑓𝑡 𝑥 ≈ 0.275 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 Concrete, wet 0.80 0.45
5280𝑓𝑡
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝑐 = 3960 + 0.275 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 Earth or clay 0.60 0.90
𝑏 = 3960 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 loam, dry
𝑐2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 Earth or clay 0.45 0.70
(3960.275)2 = 𝑎2 + 39602 loam, wet
𝒂 ≈ 𝟒𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒔 Gravel, loose 0.35 0.50
A person can see about 47 miles from top of the tower Quarry pit 0.65 0.55
Sand, dry, loose 0.25 0.30
A crawler tractor weighing 36 t is towing a rubber-tired scraper weighing Sand, wet 0.40 0.50
45.5 t up a grade of 4%. What is the total resistance kg of the
Snow, packed 0.20 0.25
combination if the rolling resistance factor is 50 kg/t? 1t = 1000kg.
Ice 0.10 0.15
Hint:
Total Resistance = Rolling Resistance + Grade Resistance
Rolling Resistance (kg) = Rolling resistance factor(kg/t)*Vehicle’s weight (t) A. Maximum usable pull is 9,000 kg is less than the required pull. The
Grade Resistance (kg) = Grade resistance factor(kg/t)*Vehicle’s weight (t) tractor can perform under these conditions.
Grade resistance factor(kg/t) = 10 x grade (%)
B. Maximum usable pull is 10,000 kg is equal the required pull. The
tractor cannot perform under these conditions.
A. 3644 kg C. 5355 kg
C. Maximum usable pull is 11,000 kg is more than the required pull.
B. 5535 kg D. 3260 kg
The tractor can perform under these conditions.
SOLUTION: D. Maximum usable pull is 9,000 kg is less than the required pull. The
tractor cannot perform under these conditions.
Rolling resistance factor = 50 kg/t
Rolling resistance = (50 kg/t)(45.5 t) = 2275 kg SOLUTION:
Grade Resistance (kg) = (10*4)(36t+45.5t) = 3260 kg
Total Resistance = 2275 + 3260 = 5535 kg From table 4-2, coefficient of traction = 0.45
Maximum usable pull= Coefficient of traction x Weight
Maximum usable pull= 0.45x 20000kg = 9000 kg < 10,000 kg required
Estimate the actual bucket load in bank cubic yards for a loader bucket to move the tractor.
whose heaped capacity is 3.82 m². The soil's bucket fill factor is 0.90 Thus, maximum usable pull is 9,000 kg is less than the
and its load factor is 0.80. required pull. The tractor cannot perform under these
A. 3.25 BCM C. 3.52 BCM conditions.
B. 2.57 BCM D. 2.75 BCM
SOLUTION:
A baseball is thrown straight up from a rooftop 448 feet high. The
Bucket load = (3.82m2 )(0.90) = 3.44 LCM * 0.80 = 2.75 BCM function s(t) = -16t2 + 48t + 448 describes the ball's height above the
ground, s(t), in feet, t seconds after it is thrown. How long will it take for
The probability that the stock market goes up on Monday is 0.6. Given
the ball to hit the ground?
that it goes up on Monday, the probability that it goes up on Tuesday is
A. 4 seconds B. 5 seconds
0.3. Find the probability that the market goes up on both days.
C. 6 seconds D. 7 seconds
A. 0.42 B. 0.12 C. 0.18 D. 0.28 SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
To find the time it takes for the ball to hit the ground, we need to solve
𝑃(𝑔𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑝 𝑜𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑦) = 0.60 the time when s(t)=0.
𝑃(𝑔𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑝 𝑜𝑛 𝑇𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦|𝑔𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑝 𝑜𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑦) = 0.30 s(t) = -16t2 + 48t + 448 = 0
Solve using calculator, t1 = 7 and t2 = -4 (discarded)
𝑃(𝐵𝑜𝑡ℎ) = 0.60 ∗ 0.30 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟖
Therefore, it will take 7 seconds for the ball to hit the ground.
PREPARED BY: ENGR. MBL
 Refresher Exam 10 – MSTC, HPGE, AND PSAD

The sides of the triangle are given by the following measurements in

meters and the corresponding errors:
𝑎 = 150.41 ± 0.03
𝑏 = 198.64 ± 0.05
𝑐 = 201.44 ± 0.04
Determine the most probable error of the perimeter.
A. ±0.09 m C. ±0.07 m
B. ±0.12 m D. ±0.15 m
SOLUTION: In terms of tin:
50%(700) + 100%(𝑥) + 0%(𝑦) = 60%(700 + 𝑥 + 𝑦)
Note: a 100% amount of lead has 0% amount of tin
𝑬 = ±√𝒆𝟐𝒂 + 𝒆𝟐𝒃 + ⋯
In terms of lead:
𝑬 = ±√𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟐 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟐 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟐 = ±𝟎. 𝟎𝟕 25%(700) + 0%(𝑥) + 100%(𝑦) = 20%(700 + 𝑥 + 𝑦)
Note: a 100% amount of tin has 0% amount of lead
Using calculator, Mode 5-1
If a stick is broken in 2 at random , what is the average ratio of the
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝒈, 𝑦 = 0 𝑘𝑔
smaller length to the larger?
A. 0.250 C. 0.376
A bank is advertising 9.5% accounts that yield 9.84% annually. How
B. 0.333 D. 0.386
often is the interest compounded?
A. monthly C. bi-monthly
SOLUTION:
B. quarterly D. continuously
Breaking 'at random' means that all points of the stick are equally likely
as a breaking point (uniform distribution). SOLUTION:
We might suppose that the point fell in the left half (say “x” as the longer Effective rate of interest:
part), and assuming a unit length of stick, then the ratio of the shorter to 𝑟 𝑚
1−x 𝐸𝑅𝑚 = (1 + ) −1
longer part is . 𝑚
x
Where, m is the number of compounding periods per year
Since x is evenly distributed from ½ to 1, then the average ratio is:
1 𝐸𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 𝐸𝑅𝑚
1−x
∫ dx = 0.193 9.5% m
x (1 + 9.84%)1 − 1 = ൬1 + ൰ −1
1/2 m
Because the breaking point can fall from the right half, then the average 𝑚 = 3.88 ≈ 𝟒 (𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒍𝒚)
ratio is 2 x 0.193 = 0.386.
The king's minter boxes his coins 100 to a box. In each box he puts I George can cut a log into 3 equal pieces in 6 minutes, how many
false coin. The king suspects the minter and from each of 100 boxes minutes will take him to cut a similar log into 12 equal pieces?
draws a random coin and has it tested. What is the chance the minter's A. 24 b. 30 c. 33 d. 36
peculations go undetected?
A. 0.344 C. 0.366 SOLUTION:
Note: For every cut, 2 pieces are already made.
B. 0.355 D. 0.377
Then,
SOLUTION: 3 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠 = 2 𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑠

The probability of not finding the coin is 99/100.

Thus, the probability of not finding the coin is equal to
(99/100)100 = 0.366

A 700 kg of alloy containing 50% tin and 25% lead is added with Then, 6 mins per 2 cuts = 3 mins per cut
another tin and lead to make an alloy containing 60% tin and 20% lead. Hence, to produce 12 pieces, 11 cuts are to be made.
3𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑡
How much tin is added? =
1 𝑐𝑢𝑡 11 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠
A. 0 kg C. 150 kg
𝒕 = 𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒔
B. 160 kg D. 175 kg
The tower truss shown below has frictionless hinges at each. A vertical
SOLUTION:
load acts at node A. The zero force members are:
Let x be amount of the tin added to the alloy
A. HI, HG, BD, CD, EF
Let y be amount of the lead added to the alloy
B. HI, BD, CD, AD, EF
C. HI, HG, DE, FG, EF
D. none

PREPARED BY: ENGR. MBL

 Refresher Exam 10 – MSTC, HPGE, AND PSAD

Since the load is vertical, the only horizontal reaction (at node I) is zero.
SOLUTION:
At Node I, there are three forces (ONLY TWO LINES OF ACTION) in
English Unit:
equilibrium (HI, GI and Iy ), of which HI acts alone along its line of action.
Therefore, HI must be zero. (you can also take sum forces horizontal at joint I 100𝑓𝑡 2𝜋𝑅
to prove this) =
𝐷 360°
100(360) 100(360)
With HI = zero, at node H, there are three forces (ONLY TWO LINES OF 𝑅= = = 2864.79 𝑓𝑡
ACTION) in equilibrium (FH, HG, and Hy), of which HG acts alone along its line
𝐷(2𝜋) 2(2𝜋)
of action. Therefore, HG must be zero. (you can also take sum forces Since the new highway is parallel to the original, the
horizontal at joint H to prove this) two curves are identical (same radius, same deflection
angle.)
With HG = zero, at node G, there are three forces (ONLY TWO LINES OF Length of each chord,
ACTION) in equilibrium (EG, FG, and GI), of which FG acts alone along its line c1 = c2 =c
of action. Therefore, FG must be zero. (you can also take sum forces
horizontal at joint G to prove this)

With FG = zero, at node F, there are three forces (ONLY TWO LINES OF
ACTION) in equilibrium (DF, EF, and HF), of which EF acts alone along its line
of action. Therefore, EF must be zero. (you can also take sum forces
horizontal at joint F to prove this)

With EF = zero, at node E, there are three forces (ONLY TWO LINES OF
ACTION) in equilibrium (EA, DE, and EG), of which DE acts alone along its line
of action. Therefore, DE must be zero. (you can also take sum forces
horizontal at joint F to prove this)

Note: Beyond this point, the condition of ONLY TWO LINES OF ACTION is not Considering ∆(𝑃𝐶 − 𝑂 − 𝑃𝑇)
satisfied at any of the nodes A, B, C, D. Zero force members are: HI, HG, FG, 𝐼 80
sin =
FE, DE 2 2𝑐
40
𝑐=
𝐼
sin ( )
2
Considering ∆𝑥𝑦𝑧

𝐼 𝑐/2
sin =
2 𝑅
𝐼
c = 2 Rsin ൬ ൰
2

𝑐=𝑐

40 𝐼
= 2 Rsin ൬ ൰
𝐼 2
sin ( )
2
A new highway with a design speed of 50 mph is to be connected to an 𝐼 = 9.586°
existing highway by a pair of reverse 2° curves. The new highway is
𝜋
parallel to the existing highway, offset 80 ft to the right. 𝑆1 = 𝑅𝜃1 = 2864.79 (9.586 𝑥 ) = 480 𝑓𝑡
180
The length of the reverse curve transition (ft), from PC to PT, is most
nearly: The length of the reverse curve transition (ft), from PC to PT, is
most nearly:
𝑆 = 2(480𝑓𝑡) = 𝟗𝟔𝟎 𝒇𝒕

A. 1250
B. 480
C. 960
D. 630

PREPARED BY: ENGR. MBL

 Refresher Exam 10 – MSTC, HPGE, AND PSAD

The Arrhenius function for concrete maturity is given below: The required blow count (blows per ft) to achieve a design capacity of
40 tons is most nearly:
𝐸 1 1
− ൬ − ൰
𝑡20 = ∑ 𝑒 𝑅 𝑇𝑖 𝑇0 ∆𝑡
A. 48 blows per ft
Where, B. 28 blows per ft
t20 = time required, when curing at 20°C, to reach an equivalent C. 35 blows per ft
maturity D. 50 blows per ft
E = activation energy = 41.5 kJ/mol for T ≥ 20°C
R = universal gas constant = 8.3144 J/(mol-K) SOLUTION:
Ti = average concrete temperature during time interval ∆𝑡, K Design capacity = 40 tons
T0 = reference temperature = 293 K 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑆 = 6, 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 40 × 6
If the average concrete temperature during curing is 28°C, the 2000 𝑙𝑏
= 240 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 ൬ ൰ = 480,000 𝑙𝑏
equivalent age (days) after 3 days of curing is most nearly: 1 𝑡𝑜𝑛
Pile hammer energy WH = 50,000 ft-Ib = 600,000 in.-lb
A. 2.2 B. 3.7 C. 4.1 D. 4.7
𝑊𝐻
SOLUTION: 𝑄𝑢𝑙𝑡 =
𝐸 1 1 𝑆 + 1.0
− ൬ − ൰
𝑡20 = ∑ 𝑒 𝑅 𝑇𝑖 𝑇0 ∆𝑡 600000
480000 =
𝑆 + 1.0
Express Ti in terms of Kelvin,
𝑆 = 0.25 𝑖𝑛/𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑤
𝑇𝑖 = ℃ + 273 = 28 + 273 = 301 𝐾
41500 1 1
The required blow count (blows per ft) to achieve a design capacity of
( )
𝑡20 = 𝑒 −8.3144 −
301 293 ∗ 3 = 𝟒. 𝟕𝟏 40 tons is most nearly:
1 1 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑠
𝑁= = =4 = 𝟒𝟖 𝒃𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒔/𝒇𝒕
A 4-leg intersection in an urban location had 15 recorded accidents (all 𝑆 0.25 𝑖𝑛
types) during 2005. During this year, the average daily volumes
entering the intersection from the four approaches were 1,900, 1,270, An electrical porcelain product has only 1 % porosity as sold. It had 27
1,620, and 930 vehicles. The intersection's accident rate (per hundred % porosity after pressing and drying, but before sintering. How much
million entering vehicles) is most nearly: linear shrinkage in percent occurred during sintering?
A. 7.2 Hint:
B. 72 𝑉𝑓 𝐿𝑓 3
=൬ ൰
C. 720 𝑉𝑜 𝐿𝑜
D. 7,200 A. 9.7 B. 5.8 C. 6.1 D. 3.9

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
. The intersection's accident rate (per hundred million entering vehicles)
is most nearly: 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 1.00 𝑐𝑚3 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡, 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝐴(100,000,000) = 1𝑐𝑚3 (1 − 0.01) = 0.99 𝑐𝑚3
𝑅= 0.99𝑐𝑚3
𝐴𝐷𝑇(365𝑁) 𝑉𝑜 = = 1.356 𝑐𝑚3
𝐴 = 1900 + 1270 + 1620 + 930 = 5720 𝑣𝑒ℎ (1 − 0.27)
𝐴𝐷𝑇 = 15 𝑉𝑓 𝐿𝑓 3
=൬ ൰
𝑁 = 1𝑦𝑟 (𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 2005) 𝑉𝑜 𝐿𝑜
15(100,000,000) (1𝑐𝑚3 ) 𝐿𝑓 3
𝑅= = 718.5 ≈ 𝟕𝟐𝟎 = ൬ ൰
5720(365 ∗ 1) 0.99 𝑐𝑚3 𝐿𝑜
(100% − 27%)
𝐿𝑓3 = 0.7374𝐿3𝑜
It is proposed to drive a concrete pile using a pile hammer with energy
𝐿𝑓 = 0.903𝐿𝑜
of 50,000 ft lb. The minimum factor of safety against bearing capacity
Shrinkage = 1-0.903 = 9.7%
failure is equal to 6.0. The superstructure load transmitted to the pile is
expected to be 40 tons.
The ENR pile driving equation gives the static (ultimate) bearing
capacity of a pile based on a pile driving test as:
𝑊𝐻
𝑄𝑢𝑙𝑡 =
𝑆 + 1.0

where Qult = ultimate capacity (Ib)

W = weight of the ram (Ib)
H = height the ram falls (in.)
S = pile set (in. per blow)
PREPARED BY: ENGR. MBL
 Refresher Exam 10 – MSTC, HPGE, AND PSAD

Cars A and B leave a town at the same time. Car A heads due south at What vertical force, in kN, applied to the buoy to fully submerge it?
a rate of 80 km/hr and car B heads due west at a rate of 60 km/hr. How A. 0.050 C. 0.350
fast is the distance between the cars increasing after three hours? B. 0.384 D. 0.051
A. 150 B. 120 C. 100 D. 90
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
variable(s): x, y, s

constant(s): none

1. Relate all parameters using Pythagorean

Theorem!

𝑠 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2
Part 1:
2. Take derivative both sides of the equation with
respect to time. ∑ 𝐹𝑣 = 0
𝑊 = 𝐵𝐹
𝑑(𝑠)2 𝑑
= (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝛾𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑉𝑇 = 𝛾𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑉𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑉𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝛾𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 0.75
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = =
𝑉𝑇 𝛾𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 0.85
(2𝑠) = (2𝑥) + (2𝑦) )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑉𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑉𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 0.75
=1− =1− = 0.1176 𝑜𝑟 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟔%
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑉𝑇 𝑉𝑇 0.85
(𝑠) = (𝑥) + (𝑦) )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Part 2:
𝑑𝑠 Since,
(300) = (180)(60) + (240)(800) 𝑉𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒
𝑑𝑡
= 0.1176
𝑉𝑇
𝒅𝒔
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒎⁄𝒉𝒓 0.045
𝒅𝒕 = 0.1176 → 𝑉𝑇 = 0.383 𝑚3
𝑉𝑇
Thus, W = 𝛾𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑉𝑇 = 9.81(0.75)(0.383) = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟏𝒌𝑵
The velocity head of the flow at one section is 5 m. Evaluate the
Part 3:
velocity head in meters at the next section if the velocity of the flow Note: Use VT = 0.383 m3, since condition is to fully submerge.
increases by one-half that of the previous section.
∑ 𝐹𝑣 = 0
A. 7.85 B. 15.68 C. 11.25 D. 7.50
𝐹 + 𝑊 = 𝐵𝐹 = 𝛾𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑑
SOLUTION: 𝐹 + 2.81 = 9.81(0.85)(0.383)
𝑣2 𝑭 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟒 kN
Velocity head, ℎ =
2𝑔
𝑣12 SITUATION: according the elastic theory, the vertical stress induced by
5= → 𝑣1 = 9.90𝑚/𝑠
2𝑔 a flexible line load of infinite length that has an intensity of q units /
If the velocity of the flow increases by one-half that of the previous length on the surface of a semi-infinite soil mass can be estimated by
section, the expression
𝑣2 = 1.5𝑣1 = 1.5(9.90) = 14.86𝑚/𝑠 P = 0.637 q/N where N = z[1 + (r/z)2]2
𝑣22 14.862 r = horizontal distance from the line of the load
ℎ2 = = = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎/𝒔 z = depth of interest at which stress is induced
2𝑔 2 ∗ 9.81

A masonry wall weighing 6kN per lineal meter is carried by a wall

A wooden buoy of specific gravity 0.75 floats in a liquid having a footing 0.60m wide.
specific gravity of 0.85.
Evaluate the percentage of the volume of the buoy above the liquid Evaluate the bearing pressure in kPa, exerted by the footing onto the
surface to the total volume of the buoy. supporting soil.
A. 88.2 C. 11.8 A. 16 B. 10 C. 14 D. 12
B. 12.6 D. 87.4 Evaluate the stress in kPa in the soil caused by the load at a depth
If the volume above the liquid is 0.045 cubic meters, estimate the equal to twice the width of the footing but directly below the masonry
weight of the buoy, in kN. wall.
A. 0.375 C. 2.81 A. 5.31 B. 4.43 C. 7.25 D. 3.19
B. 2.63 D. 0.379

PREPARED BY: ENGR. MBL