Till now?
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Installation
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What is SQL?
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SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming language used for managing
and manipulating data in relational databases. It allows you to insert, update,
retrieve, and delete data in a database. It is widely used for data management in
many applications, websites, and businesses. In simple terms, SQL is used to
communicate with and control databases.
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Types of SQL commands
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DDL commands for Databases
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1. CREATE
2. DROP
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DDL commands for Tables
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1. CREATE
2. TRUNCATE
3. DROP
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Data Integrity
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Data integrity in databases refers to the accuracy, completeness, and consistency
of the data stored in a database. It is a measure of the reliability and
trustworthiness of the data and ensures that the data in a database is protected
from errors, corruption, or unauthorized changes.
There are various methods used to ensure data integrity, including:
Constraints:
Constraints in databases are rules or conditions that must be met for data to be
inserted, updated, or deleted in a database table. They are used to enforce the
integrity of the data stored in a database and to prevent data from becoming
inconsistent or corrupted.
Transactions: a sequence of database operations that are treated as a single unit
of work.
Normalization: a design technique that minimizes data redundancy and ensures
data consistency by organizing data into separate tables.
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Constraints in MySQL
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Constraints in databases are rules or conditions that must be met for data to be
inserted, updated, or deleted in a database table. They are used to enforce the
integrity of the data stored in a database and to prevent data from becoming
inconsistent or corrupted.
1. NOT NULL
2. UNIQUE(combo)
-> Another way of creating constraint
3. PRIMARY KEY
4. AUTO INCREMENT
5. CHECK
6. DEFAULT
7. FOREIGN KEY
Referential Actions
1. RESTRICT
2. CASCADE
3. SET NULL
4. SET DEFAULT
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ALTER TABLE command
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The "ALTER TABLE" statement in SQL is used to modify the structure of an
existing table. Some of the things that can be done using the ALTER TABLE
statement include
1. Add columns
2. Delete columns
3. Modify columns
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Editing and Deleting Constraints
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1. Add
2. Delete
3. Edit
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