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Overview/Key Concepts
CHAPTER 19: ■ Definition of Population Health
FAMILIES AND ■ Roles of community and public health nurses

POPULATION HEALTH ■ Frameworks and standards

■ Where CHNs and PHNs work
Presented by: Ahna Pluchinski, Jenna
■ Community-based care settings/public health
Dziadyk, Kaila Schimnowski, Nusaybah departments
Mohamed & Tianna Cannizzaro
■ Trends in public health and NP roles

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Health and Families What is Population Health

■ Health: not the absence of disease ■ Health outcomes and the distribution of outcomes
– State of physical, mental and social well-being ■ Looks beyond the individual level
■ Address health inequities
■ Family: two or more dependents
■ Promote health
– Emotional, physical and economic support ■ Prevent disease

Robinson et al., 2022, p. 588 Robinson et al., 2022, p. 589 - 590

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Community and Public Health Nursing Health Promotion Frameworks

■ Address health inequities

■ Alma Ata Declaration
■ Assess health
■ Primary prevention ■ Ottawa Charter
■ Intervene at all levels in a community
■ Population Health Model
– Individual, family, community, systems that impact
health

Robinson et al., 2022, p. 589 - 590 Robinson et al., 2022, p. 590 - 592

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Alma Ata Declaration Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

■ Five approaches to enable control over health:

■ Five primary health care principles:
– Develop personal skills,
– Health promotion
– Create supportive environments
– Accessibility
– Build healthy public policy
– Public transportation
– Strengthen community action
– Appropriate technology
– Reorient health services
– Intersectoral collaboration

Robinson et al., 2022, p. 592 Robinson et al., 2022, p. 592

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Population Health Promotion Model Health Promotion Standards

■ Builds on Alma Ata and Ottawa Charter ■ Health promotion, prevention and protection
■ Guide actions based on: ■ Health maintenance
– SDOH ■ Restoration and palliation
– Research
■ Professional relationships, capacity building
– Collaboration with families
■ Access and equity
■ Focus on at-risk groups
■ Professional responsibility and accountability

Robinson et al., 2022, p. 592 - 593 Robinson et al., 2022, p. 593

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Principles & Process: Community & Social Determinants of Health

PHN’s Work
■ Vulnerable communities face higher rates of disease
■ Social determinants of health ■ PHN must incorporate SDOH in their practice
■ Improved community health care
■ Cultural awareness, Cultural safety, Anti Racism ■ Education, unemployment, access to health/social
■ Collaboration partnership services
■ Poverty, social support/status, housing
■ Nurses ' client relationship s with families and
communities ■ Childhood development, racism, climate change,
environment
■ Empowerment

Robinson et al., 2022, p. 593-600 Robinson et al., 2022, p. 594

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Examples of Community and PHN Cultural Awareness, Cultural Safety,

Programs Antiracism's
■ Health disparities stemming from unequal resource
■ Healthy baby healthy children distribution
■ Cultural competency
■ Mental health promotion ■ Reflective practice, challenging personal
assumptions and bias
■ Investing in families ■ Racial trauma and patient engagement
■ Diversifying healthcare work forces
■ School health

Robinson et al., 2022, p. 595 - 596 Robinson et al., 2022, p. 594, 597

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Collaboration Partnership Nurses ‘ Client Relationships &

Empowerment

■ Interprofessional collaboration: partnering with ■ Therapeutic communication

diverse professionals ■ Engage families in goal aligned dialogue
■ Lived experiences inform patient centered care ■ Empower families to take active health roles
strategies ■ Build trust and maintain a non-judgemental space
■ Empowering families foster active health participation ■ Recognize strength and capacity of families

Robinson et al., 2022, p. 598 Kruahong et al., 2023; Robinson et al., 2022, p. 599 - 600

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Settings Where Community & PHN’s Family homes

Work
■ Family homes ■ Responsibilities:
– Interventional based needs
■ Community - based care settings
– Scanning for safety hazard and social
– Schools, correctional facilities, homeless shelters, development
city streets ■ Healthy Babies Healthy Children
– Promotion of health from families own home
■ Public health departments
– Referral program for vulnerable populations
– Clinics
Robinson et al., 2022, p. 600 - 601 Robinson et al., 2022, p. 601

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Community Based Care Settings Public Health Departments

■ Services:
■ Who does public health serve?
– Health screening, education, childcare, acute/
chronic care – Special needs, at risk individuals, chronic
■ Goals of care: conditions
– Prevention, accessibility, affordability, quality care
■ What does a PH nurse do?
■ Ontario early years:
– Drop-in programs, government funded, six and – Treatment, disease surveillance, community
under health assessment

Robinson et al., 2022, p. 601 - 602 Robinson et al., 2022, p. 602 – 604

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Public Health Departments Roles of Community & PHN’s

■ Prominent problems in vulnerable communities: ■ Build relationships

– Chronic pain leading to opioid dependency ■ Advocate & educate
■ Make referrals
– Disability
■ Collaborate with other health care professionals
– Elder abuse ■ Work towards health promotion and health
– Homelessness restoration

Robinson et al., 2022, p. 602 – 604 Robinson et al., 2022, p. 595-596, 604

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Health Education Facilitating Access to Resources

■ Barriers to accessing care:

■ Provide insight tailored to individual needs
– Transportation, time, location, funds
■ Helps clients make informed decisions
■ Ways to facilitate access to resources:
– Ex: smoking cessation and disease prevention – Home care, referrals, case management,
coordination

Robinson et al., 2022, p. 604 Robinson et al., 2022, p. 604 - 605

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Assessment assurance and policy Trends in Public Health

development
■ Assessment: ■ Community and PHN positions have declined
– Asses, monitor, address root cause significantly
■ Policy development: – Aging nursing workforce
– Communicate, educate, create & campion – Lack of funding
– Nursing shortage
■ Assurance:
– More duties
– Enable equitable access to health care services
– Less pay

Perry, 2024; Robinson et al., 2022., p605 – 607 Robinson et al., 2022, p. 607

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Nurse Practitioner Roles, Community and Chapter Summary

PHN
■ NPs: advanced education and population health ■ Health is more than a physical feeling
training ■ Population Health is community centered
■ NONPF designed these focuses: – Focus on health outcomes and outcomes
– Family/Across the Lifespan and Neonatal distribution
– Acute Care Pediatric and Primary Care Pediatric ■ Community and PHN’s focus on Population Health
– Use frameworks, standards, principles and
– Psychiatric-Mental Health competencies
– Women’s Health/Gender Related ■ SDOH are driving factor related to health

Marceau et al., 2020; Robinson et al., 2022, p. 608

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Chapter Summary Continued… Test Question

What is Population Health?
■ Collaboration partnerships allow for better health
outcomes A. Individuals are the primary focus of Population
Health
■ Nurse-client relationships required for family trust
B. The goal of Population Health is to improve the
■ PHN’s provide treatment, health promotion, assessment, finances of the healthcare system
etc…
■ Accessibility is key for health promotion/prevention C. Population Health focuses on health outcomes and
the distribution of outcomes within communities
■ Community and PHN’s have access to resources
■ Nurse Practitioners require public health education D. Population health addresses the health needs of
individuals who are already sick

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Test Question Discussion Time!

What is Population Health? ■ Why is Population Health important and what does it mean
A. Individuals are the primary focus of Population to you?
Health
■ How can community and public health nurses contribute to
B. The goal of Population Health is to improve the
finances of the healthcare system primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies in a
C. Population Health focuses on health outcomes community?
and the distribution of outcomes within
communities ■ What are some challenges nurses face when providing care
D. Population health addresses the health needs of to culturally diverse communities, and how can they
individuals who are already sick overcome them?

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References
Kruahong, S., Tankumpuan, T., Kelly, K., Davidson, P. D., Kuntajak, P. (2023). Community
empowerment: A concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 79(8), 2845-2859.
https://doi-org.athena.rrc.ca/10.1111/jan.15613
Marceau, R., Hunter, K., Montesanti, S., & O’ Rourke, T. (2020). Sustaining primary health
care programs and services: A scoping review informing the nurse practitioner role
in Canada. Policy, Politics & Nursing Practice, 21(2), 105-119.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1527154420923738
Perry, I. A. (2024). Assessment, Policy Development, and Assurance: Evolving the Core
Functions of Public Health to Address Health Threats. AJPM Focus, 3(1), 100172–
100172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focus.2023.100172
Robinson, M., Padgett Coehlo, D., & Smith, P. S. (2022). Family Health Care Nursing:
Theory, Practice and Research (7th ed.). F.A. Davis Company.

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