Report No.
7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 1 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
TIOCO, Brent Stephen V.
TURBANOS, Edvyn Willis L.
VALDEZ, Christian Oliver N.
VIVAS, Therese Margaret L.
Report No. 7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 2 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
Given:
Airfoil: Naca 2412
Gross Weight: 2,159.22 lbs.
Maximum Velocity (VL): 227.333 ft/s.
Wing Span (b): 36 ft
Wing Chord (C): 4.93 ft
Wing Area (S): 177.78 ft2.
Maximum Load Factor (n): 4.07381082
Standard Sea Level Condition: 0.002377 slugs/ft3.
Design mechanical and physical properties of 7075-T6 Aluminum Alloy
Alloy: 7075
Form: Sheet and Plate
Condition: T6
Thickness: 0.040 in. – 0.249 in. = 0.1 in.
Mechanical properties
Tensile Yield Stress, Fty = 67,000 psi.
Compressive Yield Stress, Fcy = 68,000 psi
(ref: Analysis and Design of Flight Vehicle Structure by Bruhn)
Spar Location:
Front Spar is at 25% of the chord: 1.2325 ft. (14.7893 in.)
Rear Spar is at 50% of the chord: 2.465 ft. (29.5786 in.)
Air Load P:
P = CN q S
P = 13194.3807 lbs.
2
CN = 2(n’ W)/(ρ VL S)
CN = 1.2083
Report No. 7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 3 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
2
q = (1/2) ρ VL
q = 61.4220 psf.
n’ = maximum load factor multiplied by ultimate factor (=1.5)
n’ = 6.1107
For Front Spar at 25% C:
dSFS = dRFS – 2 tW (inches)
dSFS = 6.8349 in.
where:
dRFS = Z/C upper + Z/C lower
dRFS = 7.701884746%C + 4.189468568%C (inches)
dRFS = 7.0349 in.
tW = thickness of wing skin
Bending Moment of the wing root:
M = P x d (ft-lb)
M = 118749.4263 ft-lb
Where:
d = the perpendicular distance from the wing root to the position of P
d = (b/2)/(2) (ft)
d = 9 ft-lb.
Report No. 7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 4 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
Section Modulus, Z:
Z = I/y = M/FB (in3)
Zfs = 21.2686 in3
Where:
I = Moment of Inertia
y = dS/2,
yFS = dSFS/2 (inches)
yFS = 3.4175 in.
M = Root Bending Moment
FB = Design Yield Bending Strength (Fty or Fcy) whichever is minimum, allowable
strength that the material can withstand either subjected to compression or tension.
FB = 67000 psi
Center of Pressure, CP:
CP corresponding to CN (from Characteristic Curve) = 0.2849
CP =1.4046 ft
Spar Dimensions
dS = dR – 2 tW
where:
dS = the minimum depth of the Spar
dR = the total depth of the wing profile at the Spar position
tW = thickness of the wing skin
Report No. 7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 5 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
Figure 1
Report No. 7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 6 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
Figure 2
Report No. 7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 7 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
Area of the Flange, Af:
I = 2 Af y2
Z = I/y = 2 Af y
Af = Z/(2y)
AfFS = Z/ 2yFS (in2)
AfFS = 3.1117 in2.
Width of the Flange, w:
Af = (t)(w)
wFS = AfFS/t (in)
wFS = 5.6577 in.
where:
t = thickness of the Flange
t = 0.55 in.
For the Rear Spar at 50%C:
dSRS = dRRS – 2 tW, (in)
dSRS = 6.0641 in.
where:
dRRS = Z/C upper + Z/C lower
= 7.304447506%C + 3.284035289%C
dRRS= 6.2641 in.
Report No. 7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 8 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
Area of the Flange Af:
AfRS = Z/(2 yRS) (in2)
AfRS = 3.5073 in2
where:
Z = same as the Front Spar
Z = 21.2686 in3.
yRS = dSRS/2
yRS = 3.0321 in.
Width of the Flange w:
wRS = AfRS/t
wRS = 6.3768 in.
where:
t = thickness of Flange (in)
t = 0.55 in.
Report No. 7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 9 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
Figure 1 Wing Section (Scale 1:5)
Report No. 7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 10 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
Shear and Bending Moment:
Distribution of air load P, between Front Spar and Rear Spar (Scale 1:5)
Compute for PFS and PRS
Figure
Report No. 7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 11 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
For Front Spar:
hFS = (4PFS)/b (lb/ft)
hFS = 1261.3007 lb/ft., 1500 max
For Rear Spar:
hRS = (4PRS)/b (lb/ft)
hRS = 204.7416 lb/ft., 250 max
For the Shear and Moment equations:
V = (x/2)y
By ratio and proportions
y/x = (h)/(b/2)
y = (x) (2h/b)
V = x2 (h/b), shear equation
M = (x2)(h/b)(x/3)
M = (x3/3)(h/b)
Explanation of Table No. 1 (Root Chord, Front Spar)
Column No.
1 Strip = assigned
2 x = distance of strip from A
3 V = (2)2 (hFS/b)
4 M = (2)3 (hFS/3b)
Report No. 7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 12 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
Table No. 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Strip X (ft) V (lb) M (ft-lb)
A 0 0 0
a-a 1 35.0361 11.6787
b-b 2 140.1445 93.4297
c-c 3 315.3252 315.3252
d-d 4 560.5781 747.4374
e-e 5 875.9033 1459.8388
f-f 6 1261.3007 2522.6014
g-g 7 1716.7704 4005.7976
h-h 8 2242.3123 5979.4996
i-i 9 2837.9266 8513.7797
j-j 10 3503.6130 11678.7102
k-k 11 4239.3718 15544.3632
l-l 12 5045.2028 20180.8111
m-m 13 5921.1060 25658.1262
n-n 14 6867.0816 32046.3807
o-o 15 7883.1294 39415.6468
p-p 16 8969.2494 47835.9968
q-q 17 10125.4417 57377.5030
B 18 11351.7063 68110.2376
Report No. 7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 13 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
Shear and Moment diagram (Front Spar)
Load Diagram (Front Spar)
Wing Span (b/2) ft. per strip
Shear Diagram (Front Spar)
Wing Span (b/2) ft. per strip
Report No. 7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 14 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
Moment Diagram (Front Spar)
Wing Span (b/2) ft. per strip
Explanation of Table No. 2 (Root Chord, Rear Spar)
Column No.
1 Strip = assigned
2 x = distance of strip from A
3 V = (2)2 (hRS/b)
4 M = (2)3 (hRS/3b)
Report No. 7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 15 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Strip X (ft) V (lb) M (ft-lb)
A 0 0 0
a-a 1 5.6873 1.8958
b-b 2 22.7491 15.1660
c-c 3 51.1854 51.1854
d-d 4 90.9963 121.3284
e-e 5 142.1817 236.9694
f-f 6 204.7416 409.4832
g-g 7 278.6761 650.2442
h-h 8 363.9851 970.6269
i-i 9 460.6686 1382.0058
j-j 10 568.7267 1895.7556
k-k 11 688.1593 2523.2507
l-l 12 818.9664 3275.8657
m-m 13 961.1481 4164.9750
n-n 14 1114.7043 5201.9533
o-o 15 1279.6350 6398.1751
p-p 16 1455.9403 7765.0149
q-q 17 1643.6201 9313.8472
B 18 1842.6744 11056.0466
Report No. 7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 16 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
Shear and Moment diagram (Rear Spar)
Load Diagram (Rear Spar)
Wing Span (b/2) ft. per strip
Shear Diagram (Rear Spar)
Wing Span (b/2) ft. per strip
Report No. 7: Spar Design (For Metal) Name: Group 7
Date: 11 Mar. 24 Page 17 of 17
Professor: Dr. Jay Jack R. Manzano
Grade: Issue No. 1
Moment Diagram (Rear Spar)
Wing Span (b/2) ft. per strip
