10

Electronics
Quarter I
Basic Electonic Symbols, Diagrams,
and Tools
Electronics – Grade 10
Self-Learning Module
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Regional Office VIII

Regional Director: Ramir B. Uytico EdD, CESO IV
Assistant Regional Director: Arnulfo M. Balane, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Henry A. Singcol
Language Editors: Name
Content Editors: Name
Illustrators: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team:
Rosemarie M. Guino EdD, OIC – Chief, CLMD
Ryan R. Tiu EdD, EPS, CLMD – Science
Joy B. Bihag, EPS, CLMD – LRMS
Name, Chief, CID
Name, EPS, CID – Science
Name. EPS, CID - LRMS

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Department of Education – Regional Office VIII

Office Address: Government Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte

Telefax: 053 - 3233156

E-mail Address: [email protected].
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

At the end of each module, you need to answer the test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Electronics 10 Self – Learning Module 1on (Basic Symbols,

Diagrams, and Tools)!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used
to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create, and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies
in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

Explore
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module. A brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one. The
new lesson will also be introduced to you in
various ways such as a story, a song, a poem,
a problem opener, an activity, or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
Learn
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
Apply sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

Assess This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

This contains the learner’s reflection. Learners

Reflect
are encouraged to think about the lessons
particularly the parts that went well (they
have understood) and the parts that were
weak (they have difficulty) and write about it
briefly. Learners can share their thoughts and
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 feeling about the lessons.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
3. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
4. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
5. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Explore

Introduction:
Assembling electronics project and making it works is a good start in helping one
to learn troubleshooting methods as well as becoming familiar with your tools,
test equipment, electronic schematic symbols and circuit diagrams. Electrical &
electronic symbols and images are used by engineers in circuit diagrams and
schematics to show how a circuits component are connected together.

Graphical symbols not only identify components position but the type of
electrical element too, whether its resistive, inductive, capacitive, mechanical,
etc. Thus, in circuit diagrams and schematics, graphical symbols identify and
represent electrical and electronic devices and show how they are electrically
connected together while drawing lines between them represents the wires or
component leads.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the schematic symbols, circuit diagrams, and hand tools in making
electronic circuit;
2. classify the different kinds of hand tools according to their specification in
electronics servicing;
3. draw schematic symbols and circuit diagrams.

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Q1_STE_Electronics_ Module 5
 Learn

Schematic Symbols Defined

Basic electrical and electronic graphical symbols that are commonly used within
circuit diagrams, schematics and computer aided drawing packages to identify
the position of individual components and elements within a circuit.

The basic electrical and electronic graphical symbols presented here are the
more generally accepted graphical symbols because of their common usage
across a range of electrical and electronic fields. The individual graphical
symbols below are given along with a brief description.

Voltage and Current Sources

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 Ground Symbols

Resistors

Capacitors Page 7 of 24
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 Inductors (Coils)

Transformers

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 Switches

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 Protective Devices

Lamp

light bulb

Test Instruments

Diodes

Transistors Page 10 of
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 Thyristors

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 Operational Amplifier (Op Amp)

Figure 1. Schematic Symbols

Here we have seen a number of basic electrical and electronics schematic
symbols in graphical form used by engineers to show how a particular circuit is
connected together and operates by the types of symbols used within it so that
other engineers may understand.

Circuit Diagram
All electronic circuits from the simplest to the most complex design need
diagrams to be used as reference in designing, modifying, and troubleshooting
the circuit. The most common used electronic diagrams are schematic, pictorial,
wiring, and block diagrams. Each one of these diagrams has its own unique
characteristics in presenting the circuit. The different diagrams that you should
be familiar with are the following:

Pictorial diagram - It shows the pictures of the actual components and wiring
connections although it does not provide the exact size of components. It shows
exact shape in proportion to the actual component or device.

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 Figure 2. Pictorial Diagram of a Regulated Power Supply

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 Block Diagram – This form usually uses block of squares, rectangles or triangles
to represent components, group of components or units of equivalent. Block
diagrams are particularly used to represent internal components of an integrated
circuit.

POWER DIODES OR FILTER CIRCUIT REGULATOR

RECTIFIERS

Figure 3. Block Diagram of a Regulated Power Supply

Schematic diagram - It shows the components used in their interconnection.

Each graphic symbol is also accompanied with a reference designation to
distinguish it from other similar symbols. It does not illustrate the physical size,
shape or chassis location of the component parts and devices.

Figure 4. Schematic Diagram of a Regulated Power Supply (power transformer is

NOT shown)

Wiring diagram – It shows wiring connection in a simplified, easy to follow

manner. It may show either internal or external connections or both and is usually
drawn as simple as possible to trace out the connection of a circuit. The
components of the circuit are identified by name or are represented by means of
pictorial illustrations that do not follow any well- defined standard form.

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 Figure 5. Wiring diagram of a selector switch for different input multi-media
equipment

Basic Hand Tools

Driving Tools

1. Screwdrivers are hand tools specifically designed to insert and tighten, or

to loosen and remove screws. A screwdriver comprises a head or tip, which
engages with a screw, a mechanism to apply force by rotating the tip, and
some way to position and support the screwdriver, the tip of which is
shaped in to fit a particular type of screw.

a. Slotted Screwdriver is used to drive or fasten negative

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of screws.
Q1_STE_Electronics_ Module 5 24
 b. Phillips Screwdriver – used to drive or fasten positive slotted screws.
It is a screwdriver that could take greater torque and could provide
tighter fastenings.

c. Jeweler's Screwdriver Set – is a set of small screw drivers

composed of slotted and Phillips screwdrivers.

Soldering Tools

1. Soldering Iron – is a device for applying heat to melt solder in attaching

two metal parts. A soldering iron is composed of a heated metal tip and an
insulated handle. For electrical work, wires are usually soldered to printed
circuit boards, other wires, or small terminals. A low-power iron (20-30
Watts) is suitable for this work.

2. Soldering Tool Stand – is a place where the soldering iron is placed during
usage. This will keep the soldering iron away from flammable materials. The
stand often comes with a sponge used in cleaning the tip of the soldering
iron.

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 3. Desoldering tool is used in removing soldered wires and components on
printed circuit boards for troubleshooting and repair purposes

Splicing Tools

1. Long Nose is used for holding, bending, and stretching the lead of
electronic component or connecting wires.

2. Side Cutter is a wire-cutting pliers, though they are not used to grab
or turn anything, but are used to cut wires.

3. Wire Stripper is a pair of opposing blades much like scissors or wire

cutters. The addition of a center notch makes it easier to cut the
insulation without cutting the wire.
Notch

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 Boring Tools

1. 12V Mini-Drill – is used to bore or drill holes in the printed circuit board
(PCB) with sizes from 1/32” – 1/16”.

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 2. Portable Electric Drill is used for boring hole(s) in plastic or metal chassis
with the used of drill bits having sizes from 1/6” to approximately 1/4”.

3. Metal Files These are hand tools having a series of sharp, parallel ridges
or teeth. Most files have a narrow, pointed tang at one end to which a
handle can be fitted.
 Flat File is parallel in width and tapered in thickness; they are used
for flat surfaces and edges.
 Half Round File is tapered in width and thickness, coming to a
point, and is narrower than a standard half round and used for
filing inside of rings.
 Round File - is also called rat-tail file which is gradually
tapered and used for many tasks that require a round tool,
such as enlarging round holes or cutting a scalloped edge.

triangular file

flat file

half-round file

round file

Cutting Tools

1. Utility Knife is a common tool used in cutting various trades and crafts
for a variety of purposes.

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 2. Hacksaw is used for cutting metals. Some have pistol grips which keep
the hacksaw firm and easy to grip. The small hand-held hacksaws
consist of a metal arch with a handle that fits around a narrow,
handle

blade

pistol grip
rigid blade.

Auxiliary Tools

1. Magnifying Glass is a convex lens which is used to produce a magnified

image of an object. The lens is usually mounted on a frame with a handle.
Roger Bacon is the original inventor of the magnifying glass. A magnifying
glass works by creating a magnified virtual image of an object behind the
lens. Some magnifying glasses are foldable with built-in light.

2. Paint Brush – made of bristles set in handle, use for cleaning dirty
parts of a circuit or an object.
Electronic Equipment
Aside from hand tools, equipment is also needed for more accurate and
quality output. In this connection, three of the most used equipment are
presented here for you to be familiar with their uses and the proper way of
maintaining them.

a. Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter. It is an equipment that combines three

functions: as a voltmeter that measures both ac and dc voltages; an
ohmmeter that measures resistance; and milliammeter that measures
small amount of dc current. As safety precautions in the maintenance
of this instrument, the following should be observed:

 Always rest the function switch at 250V AC if an OFF position is

not available in the instrument.

 For current and voltage measurements, always set the function

switch in the correct setting which is a little higher than the
expected current or voltage present in the circuit.

 Place the instrument in a cool dry place, away from any

magnetic devices, and free from vibrations.

Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter Signal generator

Oscilloscope

b. Oscilloscope. An oscilloscope (commonly abbreviated CRO, for

cathode-ray oscilloscope, or scope) is a piece of electronic test
equipment that allows signal voltages to be viewed, usually as a two-
dimensional graph of one or more electrical potential differences
(vertical axis) plotted as a function of time or of some other voltage
(horizontal axis).

c. Signal generator. A signal generator is a device which produces

simple wave forms.

Such devices contain an electronic oscillator, a circuit that is

capable of creating a repetitive waveform. These are typically used in
simple electronics repair and design where they are used to stimulate
a circuit under test.