SM015 CHAPTER 9 DIFFERENTIATION

9.4 IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATIONS

d n dy
1. ( y )  ny n1
dx dx

EXAMPLE

PSPM 2008/2009
dy
1. Given ln y  e xy , find . [5 marks]
dx

Solution

ln y  e xy
d 1
1 dy   dy   (ln u)  u
 e xy  x   y(1) dx u
y dx   dx  
1 dy dy d n dy
 xexy  ye xy ( y )  ny n1
y dx dx dx dx
1 dy dy
 xexy  ye xy d u
y dx dx (e )  e u u 
dx
dy  1 
  xexy   ye xy
dx  y  d
(uv)  uv  vu 
dy  1  xyexy  dx
   ye xy
dx  y 
dy y 2 e xy

dx 1  xyexy

PSPM 2010/2011
dy
2. Find for xy2  ye x  3 . [4 marks]
dx

Solution

xy2  ye x  3
d
 dy   dy  (uv)  uv  vu 
x 2 y   y 2 (1)  y(e x )  e x     0 dx
 dx   dx 

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 SM015 CHAPTER 9 DIFFERENTIATION

dy dy
2xy  y 2  ye x  e x 0 d n
( y )  ny n1
dy
dx dx dx dx
dy dy
2xy  e x  ye x  y 2
dx dx d u
dy (e )  e u u 
(2xy  e x )  y(e x  y) dx
dx
dy y (e x  y )

dx 2 xy  e x

PSPM 2004/2005
dy
3. Find if sin(x  y)  y cosx . [4 marks]
dx

Solution

sin(x  y)  y cosx d du
(sin u)  cos u
 dy   dy 
cos( x  y)1    y ( sin x)  cos x  dx dx
 dx   dx 
dy dy d n dy
cos( x  y)  cos( x  y)   y sin x  cos x ( y )  ny n1
dx dx dx dx
dy dy
y sin x  cos( x  y)  cos x  cos( x  y) d
dx dx (uv)  uv  vu 
dy dx
y sin x  cos( x  y)  (cos x  cos( x  y))
dx
dy y sin x  cos( x  y) d du
 (cos u)   sin u
dx cos x  cos( x  y) dx dx

PSPM 2009/2010
dy
4 a) If cos(x  y)  2x sin y where 0  y   , find y and at x  0 . [6 marks]
dx
d2y dy
b) Given y  sin(lnx) , show that x 2 2
x  y  0. [6 marks]
dx dx

Solution

a) cos(x  y)  2x sin y , 0  y  
At x  0 ,
cos(0  y)  2(0) sin y
cos y  0

CHENG CHUN LIANG & CHIN HAK CHUN UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 2
 SM015 CHAPTER 9 DIFFERENTIATION


y
2
 dy   dy 
 sin( x  y)1    2 xcos y   (sin y)(2) d
 dx   dx  (uv)  uv  vu 
dx
 dy  dy
 sin( x  y)1    2 x cos y  2 sin y
 dx  dx d du
 (cos u)   sin u
At x  0 , y  dx dx
2
   dy  dy   d n dy
 sin  0  1    2(0)[cos(0)]  2 sin   ( y )  ny n1
 2  dx  dx 2 dx dx
 dy 
(1)1    0  2(1) d du
 dx  (sin u)  cos u
dy dx dx
1  2
dx
dy
 3
dx

b) y  sin(lnx)
d du
dy 1 (sin u)  cos u
 cos(ln x)  dx dx
dx  x
dy d 1
x  cos(ln x) (ln u)  u
dx dx u
 d 2 y  dy 1
x 2   (1)   sin(ln x)  d n dy
 dx  dx x ( y )  ny n1
dx dx
d 2 y dy y
x 2
 
dx dx x d du
2
d y dy (cos u)   sin u
x2 2  x  y dx dx
dx dx
d2y dy
x2 2  x  y  0
dx dx

CHENG CHUN LIANG & CHIN HAK CHUN UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 3
 SM015 CHAPTER 9 DIFFERENTIATION

EXERCISE 9.4

PSPM 2011/2012
dy
1. Find for the following equations:
dx
a) y  32 x 1 . [3 marks]
b) e xy  y  5x . [3 marks]

PSPM 2011/2012
d 2 y dy
2 a) If y  sin( x 2  1) , show that x 2
  4x 3 y  0 . [5 marks]
dx dx
b) Find the gradient of a curve xe  e  e3 y at (0, 0).
xy 2x
[6 marks]

PSPM 2012/2013
dy
3. Find of the following:
dx
a) y  e 2 x tan x . [2 marks]
b) y  x sec x . [4 marks]

PSPM 2012/2013
4. Given 3 y 2  xy  x 2  3 . By using implicit differentiation,
dy
a) find the value of at x  1 . [6 marks]
dx
2
d2y  dy  dy
b) show that (6 y  x) 2  6   2  2  0 . [2 marks]
dx  dx  dx

PSPM 2013/2014
5. Use implicit differentiation to find
dy
a) if y ln x  e x  y . [3 marks]
dx
dy 1 1 1
b) the value of if   3 when x  . [5 marks]
dx y x 2

CHENG CHUN LIANG & CHIN HAK CHUN UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 4
 SM015 CHAPTER 9 DIFFERENTIATION

PSPM 2014/2015
6. Given that e y  xy  ln(1  2 x)  1 , x  0 .
2
d2y  dy  dy 4
Show that (e  x) 2  e y    2 
y
 0.
dx  dx  dx (1  2 x) 2
d2y
Hence, find the value of at the point (0, 0).
dx 2
[10 marks]

PSPM 2015/2016
dy x
7. If y 2  2 y (1  x 2 )  x 2  0 , show that  . [6 marks]
dx (1  x 2 )

PSPM 2016/2017
8. By writing tan x in terms of sin x and cos x , show that
d
(tan x)  sec 2 x . [3 marks]
dx
d2y
a) If y  tan x , find in terms of y . Hence, determine the range of value of x such
dx 2
d2y
that  0 for 0  x   . [7 marks]
dx 2
dy dy
b) If y  tan(x  y) , find in terms of x and y . Hence, show that   cos ec 2 2
dx dx
when x  y   . [5 marks]

PSPM 2017/2018
9. A curve with equation x 2  3 y 2  ae y 2 x  by  6 , where a and b are constants, passes
through the point (1, 2) .
dy
a) Given  1 at (1, 2) , determine the values a and b . [8 marks]
dx
d2y
b) Evaluate at (1, 2) . [4 marks]
dx 2

PSPM 2018/2019
10. Find the gradient of the curve cos(4 xy)  tan( xy2 )  3 y at the point where x  0 .
[6 marks]

CHENG CHUN LIANG & CHIN HAK CHUN UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 5
 SM015 CHAPTER 9 DIFFERENTIATION

ANSWER

dy dy 5  ye xy
1 a)  (2 ln 3)32 x1 b) 
dx dx xexy  1
dy 1
2 b) 
dx 3
dy dy 1  x(ln x) tan x 
3 a)  e 2 x (sec 2 x  2 tan x) b)  x sec x sec x 
dx dx  x
dy 8 dy 1
4 a)  or 
dx 15 dx 5
y
e x y 
dy x dy 4
5 a)  b) 
dx e x  y  ln x dx 25
d2y
6) 4
dx 2
d2y  dy sec 2 ( x  y)
8 a)  2 y(1  y 2 ) ; ( 0 , ) b) 
dx 2
2 dx 1  sec 2 ( x  y)
d2y 3
9 a) a  5 , b  5 b) 2

dx 4
dy 1
10) 
dx 27

CHENG CHUN LIANG & CHIN HAK CHUN UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 6
 SM015 CHAPTER 9 DIFFERENTIATION

SOLUTION EXERCISE 9.4

1 a) y  32 x1
d u
dy (a )  a u (ln a)u 
 (32 x1 )(ln 3)(2) dx
dx
 (2 ln 3)32 x1

b) e xy  y  5x d
(uv)  uv  vu 
  dy   dy dx
e xy  x   y (1)  5
  dx   dx
dy dy d u
xexy  ye xy  5 (e )  e u u 
dx dx dx
dy dy
xexy   5  ye xy
dx dx d n dy
( y )  ny n1
dy dx dx
( xexy  1)  5  ye xy
dx
dy 5  ye xy

dx xe xy  1

2 a) y  sin( x 2  1) d du
(sin u)  cos u
dy dx dx
 cos( x 2  1)(2 x)
dx
dy d
 2x cos( x 2  1) (uv)  uv  vu 
dx dx
d2y
 2 x[ sin( x 2  1)(2 x)]  cos( x 2  1)[2] d du
dx 2 (cos u)   sin u
dx dx
 4 x 2 sin( x 2  1)  2 cos( x 2  1)
d 2 y dy
x 2
  4 x 3 y  x[4 x 2 sin( x 2  1)  2 cos( x 2  1)]  2 x cos( x 2  1)  4 x 3 sin( x 2  1)
dx dx
 4 x 3 sin( x 2  1)  2 x cos( x 2  1)  2 x cos( x 2  1)  4 x 3 sin( x 2  1)
0

b) xexy  e2 x  e3 y
  dy    dy 
d
x(e xy )  x   y(1)  e xy (1)  e 2 x (2)  e 3 y  3  (uv)  uv  vu 
dx
  dx    dx 
 dy  dy
xexy  x  y   e xy  2e 2 x  3e 3 y d u
(e )  e u u 
 dx  dx dx

CHENG CHUN LIANG & CHIN HAK CHUN UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 7
 SM015 CHAPTER 9 DIFFERENTIATION

 dy  dy
At (0, 0) : (0)e (0)(0)  (0)  0   e (0)(0)  2e 2(0)  3e 3(0)
 dx  dx d n dy
( y )  ny n1
dy dx dx
0 1  2  3
dx
dy
3 1
dx
dy 1

dx 3

d
3 a) y  e 2 x tan x (uv)  uv  vu 
dx
dy
 e 2 x (sec 2 x)  tan x(e 2 x (2))
dx d u
 e 2 x (sec 2 x  2 tan x) (e )  e u u 
dx

b) y  x sec x d
(tan x)  sec 2 x
ln y  ln x sec x dx
ln y  secx ln x
1 dy 1 ln a b  b ln a
 sec x   (ln x)(sec x tan x)
y dx  x d 1
1 dy sec x  x(ln x) sec x tan x (ln u)  u 
 dx u
y dx x
dy  sec x  x(ln x) sec x tan x  d n
( y )  ny n1
dy
 y 
dx  x dx dx
1  x(ln x) tan x 
 x sec x sec x  d
 x (sec x)  sec x tan x
dx

4 a) 3 y 2  xy  x 2  3
d n dy
dy   dy   ( y )  ny n1
6 y   x   y(1)  2 x  0 dx dx
dx   dx  
dy dy d
6 y  x  y  2x  0 (uv)  uv  vu 
dx dx dx
dy
(6 y  x)  y  2x  0
dx
At x  1, 3 y 2  (1) y  (1) 2  3
3y 2  y  1  3
3y 2  y  2  0
(3y  2)( y 1)  0

CHENG CHUN LIANG & CHIN HAK CHUN UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 8
 SM015 CHAPTER 9 DIFFERENTIATION

2
y or y  1
3
2
For x  1, y  
3
  2   dy  2 
 6    1      2(1)  0
  3   dx  3 
dy 8
5   0
dx 3
dy 8
5  
dx 3
dy 8

dx 15
For x  1, y  1
dy
(6(1)  1)  1  2(1)  0
dx
dy
5 1  0
dx
dy
5  1
dx
dy 1

dx 5

dy
b) (6 y  x)  y  2x  0 d
dx (uv)  uv  vu 
 d 2 y  dy  dy  dy dx
(6 y  x) 2    6  1   2  0
 dx  dx  dx  dx d n dy
2 ( y )  ny n1
d y  dy  dy dy
2
dx dx
(6 y  x)  6     2  0
dx 2  dx  dx dx
2
d 2 y  dy  dy
(6 y  x) 2  6   2  2  0
dx  dx  dx

5 a) y ln x  e x  y d
(uv)  uv  vu 
1  dy   dy  dx
y   (ln x)   e x y 1  
 x  dx   dx 
d n dy
y dy
 ln x  e x y  e x y
dy ( y )  ny n1
x dx dx dx dx
dy dy y
e x y  ln x  e x y  d 1
dx dx x (ln u)  u 
dx u

CHENG CHUN LIANG & CHIN HAK CHUN UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 9
 SM015 CHAPTER 9 DIFFERENTIATION

dy x y y
(e  ln x)  e x y 
dx x d u
(e )  e u u 
y dx
e x y 
dy x
 x y
dx e  ln x

1 1
b)  3
y x
y 1  x 1  3 d n dy
( y )  ny n1
dy dx dx
 y 2  x 2  0
dx
1 dy 1
 2  0
y dx x 2
1 dy 1
 2  2
y dx x
dy y 2

dx x 2
1 1 1
when x  ,  3
2 y 1
2
1
23
y
1
5
y
1
y
5
2
1
 
dy  5  4
 2

dx  1  25
 
2

6. e y  xy  ln(1  2 x)  1 d u
(e )  e u u 
dy  dy   1  dx
ey  x   y(1)   (2)  0
dx  
dx  1  2 x 
d n dy
ey
dy dy
x  y
2
0 ( y )  ny n1
dx dx 1  2x dx dx
 d y  dy  dy   d y  dy
2 2
dy (1  2 x)(0)  2(2)
e y  2    e y   x 2   (1)   0
 dx  dx  dx   dx  dx dx (1  2 x) 2

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 SM015 CHAPTER 9 DIFFERENTIATION

2
d2y y  dy  d 2 y dy dy 4 d
e y
 e    x    0 (uv)  uv  vu 
dx 2
 dx  dx 2
dx dx (1  2 x) 2 dx
2
d2y  dy  dy 4
(e  x) 2  e y    2 
y
0 d 1
dx  dx  dx (1  2 x) 2 (ln u)  u 
At (0, 0)  x  0 , y  0 dx u
dy dy 2
(e 0 )  (0)  (0)  0 d  u  vu   uv
dx dx 1  2(0)  
dx  v  v2
dy
20
dx
dy
 2
dx
d2y 4
(e 0  0) 2  e 0 (2) 2  2(2)  0
dx (1  2(0)) 2
d2y
444  0
dx 2
d2y
40
dx 2
d2y
4
dx 2

7. y 2  2 y (1  x 2 )  x 2  0
1
y  2 y(1  x )  x 2  0
2 2 2
d n dy
1  ( y )  ny n1
2 2 dy 
1 1
dy 
2y  2 y  (1  x ) (2 x)  (1  x )   2   2 x  0
2 2 dx dx
dx 2   dx 
d
2y
dy

2 xy
 2 1 x2
dy
 2x  0 (uv)  uv  vu 
dx 1 x 2 dx dx
dy dy 2 xy
2y  2 1 x2   2x d n
dx dx 1 x2 (u )  nu n1 u 
dx
dy 2 xy  2 x 1  x 2
2 ( y  1  x2 ) 
dx 1  x2
dy 2 x( y  1  x 2 )
2 ( y  1  x2 ) 
dx 1  x2
dy x

dx (1  x 2 )

CHENG CHUN LIANG & CHIN HAK CHUN UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 11
 SM015 CHAPTER 9 DIFFERENTIATION

d d  sin x  d  u  vu   uv
8. (tan x)     
dx dx  cos x  dx  v  v2
(cos x)(cos x)  (sin x)( sin x)
 d du
(cos x) 2 (sin u)  cos u
dx dx
cos 2 x  sin 2 x

cos 2 x d du
1 (cos u)   sin u
 dx dx
cos 2 x
 sec2 x cos2 A  sin2 A  1

a) y  tan x
dy d du
 sec 2 x (tan u)  sec 2 u
dx dx dx
 1 tan2 x
 1 y2 1  tan2 A  sec2 A
d2y dy
2
 2y
dx dx
 2 y(1  y 2 )
d2y
For  0 , 0 x 
dx 2
2 y(1  y 2 )  0
y(1  y 2 )  0
Since 1  y 2  0
so y  0
tan x  0

Solution interval is ( 0 , )
2

b) y  tan(x  y)
d du
dy  dy  (tan u)  sec 2 u
 sec 2 ( x  y)  1   dx dx
dx  dx 
dy dy d n dy
 sec 2 ( x  y)  sec 2 ( x  y) ( y )  ny n1
dx dx dx dx
dy dy
 sec 2 ( x  y)  sec 2 ( x  y)
dx dx
dy
(1  sec 2 ( x  y))  sec 2 ( x  y)
dx
dy sec 2 ( x  y)

dx 1  sec 2 ( x  y)

CHENG CHUN LIANG & CHIN HAK CHUN UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 12
 SM015 CHAPTER 9 DIFFERENTIATION

when x  y  
dy sec 2 (   )

dx 1  sec 2 (   )
sec 2 2

1  sec 2 2 1  tan2 A  sec2 A
sec 2 2

 tan 2 2 1
sec A 
1 cos A
 cos 22
2

sin 2 tan A 
sin A

cos 2 2 cos A
1 cos 2 2
  
cos 2 2 sin 2 2
1
 2
1 cos ecA 
sin 2 sin A
  cosec2 2

9. x 2  3 y 2  ae y 2 x  by  6
a) At (1, 2)  x  1 , y  2
(1) 2  3(2) 2  ae 22(1)  b(2)  6
1  12  a  2b  6
a  2b  5 (1)
dy  dy  dy
2x  6 y  ae y 2 x   2   b d n
( y )  ny n1
dy
dx  dx  dx dx dx
dy
At (1, 2) , 1
dx d u
2(1)  6(2)(1)  ae 22(1) (1  2)  b(1) (e )  e u u 
dx
2 12  a  b
 a  b  10 (2)
(1)  (2) : 3b  15
b  5
(1) : a  2(5)  5
a  10  5
a5
d
dy y 2 x  dy  dy (uv)  uv  vu 
b) 2 x  6 y  5e   2   5 dx
dx  dx  dx
 d y  dy 
2
dy   d 2 y   dy   dy  d2y
2  6 y 2     6   5e y 2 x  2     2  5e y 2 x   2    5 2
 dx  dx  dx   dx   dx   dx  dx

CHENG CHUN LIANG & CHIN HAK CHUN UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 13
 SM015 CHAPTER 9 DIFFERENTIATION

dy
At (1, 2) , 1
dx
d2y 2 2 (1)  d y 
2
d2y
 
2  6(2) 2   (1)(6(1))  5e  
 dx 2   (1  2)(5e
2 2 (1)
(1  2))  5 2
 dx    dx
d2y d2y d2y
2  12  6  5  5  5
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2
d2y
 12 2  9
dx
2
d y 3
2

dx 4

10. cos(4 xy)  tan( xy2 )  3 y d du

(cos u)   sin u
At x  0 , cos(4(0) y)  tan(( 0) y )  3 y
2
dx dx
1  0  3y
1  3 y d du
(tan u)  sec 2 u
dx dx
1
y
3
d
  dy     dy   dy (uv)  uv  vu 
 sin( 4 xy) 4 x   y(4)  sec 2 ( xy2 )  x 2 y   y 2 (1)  3 dx
  dx     dx   dx
 dy   dy  dy
 sin( 4 xy)4 x  4 y  sec 2 ( xy2 )2 xy  y2   3 d n dy
 dx   dx  dx ( y )  ny n1
1 dx dx
At x  0 , y  
3
  1   dy  1    1  2 
2  1  dy  1  
2
dy
 sin  4(0)   4(0) 
 4    sec (0)   2(0)        3
 3    3   
 dx   3    3  dx  3   dx
1 dy
0  3
9 dx
dy 1
3 
dx 9
dy 1

dx 27

CHENG CHUN LIANG & CHIN HAK CHUN UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 14