Functions, Limits & Continuity Differentiation Integration Multivariable Calculus Differential Equations (Optional) Series & Sequences (Optional)

Understanding different types of Rules of differentiation (product Techniques of integration Partial derivatives & gradient Some ML algorithms involving Fundamental for understanding
functions (linear, polynomial, rule, quotient rule, chain rule) (substitution, integration by vectors optimization problems like neural time series & Markov Chains
exponential, etc) & their properties parts, partial fractions) networks & gradient descent can be
Derivatives of common Multiple integrals & their understood more deeply with DEs Understanding convergence &
Concepts of limits & continuity functions (exponential, Definite & indefinite integrals applications divergence of series
logarithmic, trigonometric) Basic concepts of differential equations
L’Hospital’s Rule for evaluating Applications of integration in Optimization in several variables, (ordinary & partial) Power series & Taylor series
limits when substitution results in an Application of derivatives in areas & volume calculation including the use of Lagrange expansion
indeterminate form like 0/0 or ∞/∞ optimization problems multipliers Solving simple differential equations

Vectors & Vector Spaces Matrices Systems of Linear Equations Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors

Understanding vectors, vector addition, Matrix operations (addition, multiplication, Solving linear systems using various Important in understanding data compression
& scalar multiplication transpose) methods (Gaussian elimination, matrix & dimensionality reduction techniques
inversion)
Basis & dimension of a vector space Special types of matrices (diagonal, Calculation & interpretation of eigenvalues
identity, symmetric, orthogonal) Understanding homogeneous & & eigenvectors
Subspaces & span non-homogeneous systems
The concept of rank & inverse of a matrix Diagonalization of matrices
The concept of linear independence
Spectral decomposition & its applications

Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) Norms & Inner Product Spaces Linear Transformations Tensor Operations (Optional) Numerical Linear Algebra (Optional)

Understanding SVD & its components Different types of norms (L1, L2, etc.) Concept of linear transformation Understanding tensors & their Computational aspects of linear algebra
& its matrix representation operations
Applications of SVD in data science (such Understanding inner products & Iterative methods for solving large linear
as Principal Component Analysis) orthogonality Change of basis & similarity of Applications of tensor algebra in systems (e.g., Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel methods
matrices machine learning models
Projection of vectors & Gram-Schmidt
orthogonalization
 Joint, Marginal & Conditional Probability Generating & Central Limit Theorem &
Basic Probability Theory Random Variables & Distributions
Distributions Moment Generating Functions Law of Large Numbers

Probability axioms & basic rules Discrete & continuous random variable Understanding & computing joint, Use & interpretation of generating Importance in sampling &
(addition & multiplication rules) marginal & conditional distributions functions in probability estimation
Common probability distributions
Conditional probability & Bayes' (Binomial, Poisson, Normal, etc.) Covariance & correlation coefficients
theorem
Expected value, variance & standard
deviation

Descriptive Statistics Inferential Statistics Regression Analysis Non-Parametric Methods ANOVA Time Series Analysis

Measures of central tendency Hypothesis testing (Z-test, t-test, Simple & multiple linear regression Methods for data analysis without Concepts & techniques in analysis Components of time series (trend,
(mean, median, mode) chi-squared test) assuming a specific distribution of variance (ANOVA) to compare seasonality, noise)
Understanding & interpreting means across groups
Measures of dispersion Confidence intervals regression coefficients Models for time series analysis
(variance, standard deviation, Diagnostics for regression analysis (ARIMA, etc.)
range, interquartile range) p-values & significance levels (residual analysis, multicollinearity)