DVA1502 Oct/Nov 2024

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS

May/June 2024

DVA1502
DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS AND INSTITUTIONS
100 Marks
Duration: 4 Hours
First Examiners: Prof Masekameni MD, Dr Mbele KJ, Mr. Mabena KME.
Second Examiner: Dr Motebang MS

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This paper consists of Nine (9) pages.

Please familiarise yourself with the following rules before you begin with your examination.
Oct/Nov 2024 Online Examination Rules.
Examination sessions commence at the time indicated on the final examination timetable. You are
required to adhere strictly to the specified times.
For file upload/take-home examinations:
1. You must upload your answer scripts in a single PDF file on the official myExams platform
(answer scripts must not be password protected or uploaded as "read-only" files).
2. NO e-mailed scripts will be accepted.
3. You are advised to preview submissions (answer scripts) to ensure legibility and also to ensure
that the correct answer script file has been uploaded.
4. You are permitted to resubmit your answer scripts within the stipulated submission duration,
should your initial submission be unsatisfactory.
5. Uncollated answer scripts and scripts with an incorrect file format will not be considered.
6. Wrong answer files that are uploaded (i.e., any file other than the exam answer script) will not
be marked and no opportunity will be granted for resubmission after the stipulated submission
duration.
7. A mark awarded for an incomplete submission will be the student’s final mark. No opportunity
for resubmission will be granted.
8. A mark awarded for an illegible scanned submission will be the student’s final mark. No
opportunity for resubmission will be granted.
9. Only the last answer file uploaded within the stipulated submission duration period will be
marked.
10. Submissions will only be accepted from registered student accounts.
11. Students who have not utilised invigilation or proctoring tools will be deemed to have
transgressed Unisa’s examination rules and will have their marks withheld. If a student is found
to have been outside the invigilator app for a total of 10 minutes during their examination
session, they will be considered to have violated Unisa's examination rules and their marks will
be withheld.
12. Any proctoring or invigilation images found to be unrecognizable, obscured, faint or not
containing a full facial image will be deemed a transgression of Unisa's examination rule, and
students’ marks will be withheld.
13. Students who are differently abled, have a disability or who are incarcerated are exempted
from using proctoring tools. Only students who have declared their disability with supporting
documentation (doctor's note indicating disability and the additional time that will be required
for the completion of examination) during registration will be exempted. Students who have not
so declared may provide the declaration (doctor's note indicating disability and the additional
time that will be required for the completion of examination) to [email protected] 7
days prior to their examination sitting for processing of their exemption. Incarcerated students
are advised to submit their proof of incarceration to [email protected] 7 days
prior to their examination sitting for processing of their exemption.
14. Students who are negatively affected by their examination scheduling on religious/holy days
are requested to apply for alternative examination arrangements. A student's religious

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organisation must communicate directly with Unisa on a letterhead informing Unisa of (1)
Name, Surname and Student Number of the enrolled member of the religious organisation; (2)
Module code affected by examination scheduling (dates of religious days) on the holy day; (3)
Nature of Objection. The letter should be sent to [email protected] 7 days prior to
the examination sitting for processing. Letters directly received from students will not be
processed.
15. You have 48 hours from the date of their examination to upload their invigilator results from the
Invigilator App. Failure to do so will result in students deemed not to have utilised the invigilation
or proctoring tools.
16. You must complete the online declaration of your work when submitting. Students suspected
of dishonest conduct during the examinations will be subjected to disciplinary processes. You
may not communicate with any other person or request assistance from any other person
during their examinations. Plagiarism is a violation of academic integrity and students who
plagiarise, copy from published work or Artificial Intelligence Software (e.g., ChatGPT) or online
sources (e.g., Course Material), will be in violation of the Policy on Academic Integrity and the
Student Disciplinary Code and you may be referred to a disciplinary hearing. Unisa has a zero
tolerance for plagiarism and/or any other forms of academic dishonesty.
17. Listening to audio (music) and making use of audio-to-text software is strictly prohibited during
your examination session unless such usage of the software is related to a student’s assistive
device which has been so declared. Listening to music, utilising such software and/or failing to
declare the software is a transgression of Unisa’s examination rules and the student's marks
will be withheld.
18. You are provided with 30 minutes to upload their answer scripts for your written examinations
on the official myExams platform. If you experience technical challenges, you should report to
the SCSC on 080 000 1870 or your College exam support centers (refer to the Get help during
the examinations by contacting the Student Communication Service Centre (unisa.ac.za))
within 30 minutes. Queries received after one hour of the official examination duration time will
not be responded to. Submissions made after the official examination time will be rejected by
the examination regulations and will not be marked.
19. Non-adherence to the processes for uploading examination responses will not qualify the
student for any special concessions or future assessments.
20. Students are advised to complete the Course: Basic Skills for Online Exams and complete the
mock assessment Course: ADOVH001: Mock Exams in preparation of their online
examinations.
21. Queries that are beyond Unisa’s control include the following:
a. Personal network or service provider issues
b. Load shedding/limited space on personal computer
c. Crashed computer
d. Non-functioning cameras or web cameras
e. Using work computers that block access to the myExams site (employer firewall
challenges)
f. Unlicensed software (e.g., license expires during exams)
22. Students experiencing technical challenges should contact the SCSC on 080 000 1870 or via
e-mail at [email protected] or refer to the Get help during the examinations by

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contacting the Student Communication Service Centre (unisa.ac.za)) for the list of additional
contact numbers. Communication received from your myLife account will be considered.

Instructions:

This is an open book examination conducted on the myExams platform. As this is an open-
book examination, you must use your study guide, e-reserves, and feedback from your
marked assignments to strengthen your argument. While we encourage you to consult and
integrate material from additional sources into your essays, be reminded that your primary
sources of information are the study guide and e-reserves. Therefore, your work must reflect
that you at least consulted the official study material.

The exam for this module is using the invigilator app. It is compulsory to use this app. Scripts
of students who have not utilised this app will be subject to disciplinary processes, and
results will be withheld pending the outcome of the disciplinary process. Your exam QR
access code is embedded above. Please read the instructions below on how to use the
invigilator app during this exam. Alternatively, an instruction document with the QR access
code is also available under the ‘Additional Resources’ tab on the respective module and
myExams sites.
Follow the guidelines in Tutorial Letter DVAALLD/301 for essay writing, citation and
referencing. You can download the tutorial letter from the module site on myUnisa. It is
available in English, Sepedi, and isiZulu. Direct quotations must be placed in inverted
commas (“…”) with a page reference as explained in Tutorial Letter DVAALLD/301. Only in-
text referencing is required, and you DO NOT need to provide a list of references at the end
of your answer.

Plagiarism will be severely penalised. The University has a zero-tolerance policy stance on
academic dishonesty relating to assignments and examinations. All students are
encouraged to familiarise themselves with the academic writing requirements prescribed by
Departments and the content of the University’s policy for copyright infringement and
plagiarism. All students found guilty of academic misconduct will be referred for disciplinary
action and may have marks withdrawn and face up to a maximum of five years suspension
from the University and all other universities in the country. See UNISAs student policies
and rules: https://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/myunisa/default/Study-@-Unisa/Student-policies-
&-rules.
Your answers must be your own work, in your own words. Group work will be equally
penalised as will any form of copying from any student, or any attempt to commit academic
dishonesty. No hand-written scanned-in exam answer scripts will be accepted in this exam.
Submit only word-processed, PDF-converted scripts.
It is important to note that the honour pledge forms are no longer required to be completed
and submitted by the students. The system has been enabled to request students to confirm
their academic honesty pledge by clicking on the pledge before submitting their answer
scripts.
You have 4 hours in which to complete and submit your Exam answer sheet on myExams.
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF TWO SECTIONS:

Section A consists of THREE (3) essay questions. Answer any ONE (1) essay question.
Your essay must:
 be a minimum of 1000 words and a maximum of 1500 words, excluding the cover page
and table of contents
 have an Introduction, a body with applicable sub-headings, and a conclusion

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 provide examples to substantiate your arguments, and to show that you understand
 provide evidence-based arguments and acknowledge sources of your information by
means of consistent and correct in-text referencing

Section B consists of one compulsory short-answer question and Six (6) short-answer
questions. Answer 4 (Four) questions in question 5 (Five).
Your answers in this section must provide:
 a brief discussion of at least two to three paragraphs, no longer than three-quarter
(3/4) of a page
 examples to substantiate your arguments, and to show that you understand
 evidence-based arguments and acknowledge sources of your information by means
of consistent and correct referencing

Use Arial 12 point font, 1.5 spacing in both sections (A&B). Your answers to both questions
must be submitted as a single document in PDF format. Please DO NOT upload your answers
separately.

Create a cover page with the following information:

 Your full name
 Your student number
 The module code
 The module name
 List the essay question that you answered (for example, Question 2)
 The date of the exam

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SECTION A (COMPULSORY): Answer only ONE essay question:

QUESTION 1 [50 MARKS]

1. A retrenched mine worker, living in a rural community, began experiencing shortness of breath
and chest pains ten years after leaving his job. He sought medical help at a local clinic, where he
received ongoing treatment for over eight months, but his condition did not improve. He was
eventually referred to a district hospital, where a medical practitioner recommended a chest X-ray.
However, the hospital lacked the necessary expertise to perform the procedure. As a result, he was
transferred to Gauteng Province for specialized care. Thirteen months after his initial visit to the
local clinic, the worker was finally diagnosed with chronic silicosis. By that time, the disease had
progressed to an advanced stage, and no effective treatment could be offered, leaving him with an
estimated six months to live.

a) With reference to the case study above describe how the South African Health/ Health system in
your country is organised and the quality of care offered at different levels and factors that determine
access to health in the/your country. [25 Marks]

b) Discuss how the ex-miner could have accessed healthcare services if he had a medical aid.

[25 Marks]

QUESTION 2 [50 MARKS]

2.1. Discuss the role of education in development and at least four main problems encountered in the
formal African educational systems [50 marks]

QUESTION 3 [50 MARKS]

Culture plays a significant role in shaping development across economic, social, political, and
environmental dimensions. It influences values, behaviours, and decision-making processes, which
in turn affect the trajectory of a society’s growth and progress.

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3.1. Discuss the critical role of culture in development using examples of five (5) key characteristics
of culture. [50 Marks]

SECTION B:

QUESTION 4 [10 MARKS]- COMPULSORY

You submitted an essay-type assignment, and your lecturer has commented that you have
copied material from the sources without acknowledging them. He has also indicated that this
constitutes plagiarism and that you have lost marks because of that. He further advised you to
use paraphrasing to avoid plagiarism in future when you submit the essay-type assignments.

4.1 Explain your understanding of plagiarism. [2 marks]

4.2 Explain in your own words why it is important to avoid plagiarism [2 marks]

4.3 What you will do to ensure that you avoid plagiarism. [2 marks]

4.4 Explain your understanding of paraphrasing. [2 marks]

4.5 Using any source material, demonstrate how you will use in-text referencing when you have
borrowed ideas from that source, and how will you present the source in the list of references
or bibliography. [2 marks]

QUESTION 5 [40 MARKS]- COMPULSORY): Answer FOUR short-

essay questions
5.1. Describe factors associated with intimate partner violence and sexual violence against women.
[10 Marks]

5.2. Discuss the role of one international/ or local institution in addressing gender inequality.
[10 Marks]

5.3 A rural development project in an African country made loans available to men as heads of
households to develop small farming. This was a response to a needs assessment that found that
farming in the area needed some capital investment to become productive. Post loan evaluation it

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was found that about 90% of the farming projects failed. With practical examples, illustrate what
might have caused the projects to fail. Think of possible project failure attributes. [10 marks]

5.4. Illustrate the role of the 4th Industrial revolution in the 21st century. [10 marks]

5.5 With practical examples, explain the difference between humanitarian aid and development aid.
[10 Marks]

5.6 Explain factors contribute to the debt crisis in developing countries, especially on the global
south. [10 Marks]

TOTAL [100 MARKS]

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