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Structure of C Program

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5 views

Structure of C Program

Uploaded by

Jagan Bhai Gaming
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRUCTURE OF C PROGRAM:

[Comment lines]

including statements

[defining statements]

void main()
{
[variable declaration section ; ]
[clear screen section ; ]
[input / output section ; ]
[processing section ; ]
[getch() ; ]
}
[functionction definitions]

comment lines :
Def: Unreadable code used in a program that is called a comment.
- It describes about the program.
- It can be used for Identification only.
- In this statement, we can use two types of symbols
/* starting comment
*/ ending comment
Any code in between these two symbols. That's called a comment.
- It can be used any where in the program.
- It can be used in any no. of times in a program.
- Nested comments are not allowed.
- Comments are splitted more than one line.
Eg.
1. /* this is single line comment */
2. /* this is
multiple line
comment */
Including statements :
Def: To down load any header files using a statement. That is called
"Including statement".
Header file:
- It is a pre-defined program.
- It contains function (Sub programs), variables and constants etc.
Syn: # include <headerfile>
Here, the symbol '#' reps. pre-processor. The word "include" is a system code.
Eg. #include <stdio.h>
Here, stdio.h is the name of header file.
If we can download this header file, we can use the pre-defined
functions and constants defined in that header file in our program.
- This statement does not ends with semicolon ( ;).
- It can be placed at the beginning of the program only.
Defining statements:
Def: To define a constant value to the var. That value does not modify through out
program.
- Generally it can be placed at the beginning of the program.
It can be used in body of the program also.
- This statement is called a 'Macro definition' or simply a 'Macro'.

Syn:. #define template expansion


Here, # pre-processor symbol
define system code

Eg. #define PI 3.143


#define P printf
#define M main( )
etc.
Note: Generally Templates can be used as Uppercase letters. Easy to identify the
templates in a program.

main() :
This is a user-defined function. Any function represents as follows,
name( )
That can do some thing in a program.
Eg. main ()
Here, the word main is followed by a pair of parentheses (). That represents a function.
- Each and Every C program must start its execution from this point only.
- This is defined by programmer only. so, it is user – defined function.
- Any function can return a value. but, main() function. does not return any value.
Because, it is preceded by the keyword 'void '.
Here, void is the one of the keyword.

Block :
More than one instruction placed in a pair of braces. That represents a block of code.
Eg. void main ( )
{
executable statements ;
----------------------------- ;
---------------------------- ;
}
variable declaration section :
- This is the first section every function definition.
- Any var. used in the function / program. That can be declared
it's data type before using it.

Syn. Datatype var1, var2, var3, ... ;

Eg. int x, data, num ;


Here, the words 'x', 'data' and 'num' are vars. of same data type int .
Each variable name separated by a comma and variable names and
data type separated by a space, ends with a semicolon.
clear screen section :
- This is the second section every function definition.
- In this section, we can use a library function.
i.e. clrscr () ;
It can clear the screen. That means, erases the previous output on the screen.
It displays empty screen.
- This function is defined in the header file, ' conio.h '.
conio.h console input output header file.
Input/output section :
In this section, we can use input instructions and output instructions.
o Input instruction : Reading any type of data from KB
(Std input device) using an instruction is called 'Input instruction '.
Eg. scanf ( ) ;
o Output instruction : Displaying any type of data on the Monitor (Std output
device) using an instruction is called 'Output instruction '.
Eg. printf ( ) ;
Here, scanf() and printf() are standard input and output instructions used in C
language. These two are library functions and defined in the header file 'stdio.h'.

processing section :
In this section, we can use arithmetic instructions and control instructions etc. This is
the body of the program.
Eg. //this is arithmetic instruction
c=a+b;
// this is control instruction
if (cond)
---------;
getch() :
- This is library function. It reads a single character. But, does not display on the
monitor.
- Generally it can be used as the last statement in every C program.
It can also use any where in the program except declaration section.
- It is defined in the header file, 'conio.h'.
- This function belongs to console input function.

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