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Computer Fundamentals Lab 2 by Rafae

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24 views

Computer Fundamentals Lab 2 by Rafae

Lab

Uploaded by

rafaeawan962
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Fundamentals

LAB MANUAL 2

Muhammad Abdul Rafae


Submitted By
Roll Number 24-AU-013
Semester Fall 2024

Department of Automotive Engineering Technology


Punjab Tianjin University of Technology
Department of Automotive Engineering

Computer Fundamentals

Teacher: Hafiz Muhammad Umer Hayyat Date:21-Sep-2024

Classification of Different Components


Of Processor

Instructions:
• Identify the major processor giants including Intel and AMD and
any other company.
• Give a brief list of different processor series each company
produces.
• You to research the market and document different processor
companies, their processors, generations, number of cores and
any other information you find. You will also mention their
current prices as well.
• In your report, you will cover various aspects of processors.
• History and Evolution:
a. Explore the timeline of processor development from early days
to present.
b. Highlight key milestones, innovation, and influential processor
architectures.
• Give a description on different processor cores and generations.
• Different Processor Technologies:
a. Compare and contrast different processor technologies.
b. Single-core vs Multi-core processors.;
• Write a section regarding the Applications oh Processors.
a. Personal computers.
b. Supercomputers.
c. Servers and data centers.
d. Embedded Systems.
e. Gaming Consoles.
• You will create a timeline that will help understand the evolution
of processors. Not only you will write this, you will represent it
using a horizontal timeline with different dates and their
respective images.
a. Create a visual timeline with images of historically significant
processors.
b. Annotate each image with key features, performance metrics
and the era it belongs to.
• At the end of the document, make sure to write your findings in
the conclusion section.
Exercise:
You will research about the processors and create a report in
which you will follow the above given instructions. make sure you
include all the necessary aspects so your report is complete.
Classification of Different Components of Processor
Processor:
A processor also known as a central processing unit (CPU), is an
integrated electronic circuit that performs logical operations and
mathematical calculations to run a computer.

Companies:
• Intel
• AMD
• IBM
• NVIDIA
Types of Processors in Intel and AMD:
Intel:
• Core i3
• Core i5
• Core i7
• Core i9
AMD:
• Ryzen 3
• Ryzen 5
• Ryzen 7
• Ryzen 9
• Ryzen Thread Dipper

A Journey of Processor from Early Days to Present:


Early Days (1960s - 1970s):
• 1969: The MPC-70 appears, considered by some as the frist true
microprocessor in military applications.
• 1971: the Intel 4004 arrives, officially recognized as the first
commercially available microprocessor. This 4-bit chip had 2,300
transistors and could person 60,000 instructions per second
(MIPS).
• 1972: The 8-bit Intel 8008 and NEC gPD700 follow, boosting
transistor count and clock speeds.
• 1974: The Intel 8080 emerges, featuring 6,000 transistors and
reaching 2 MHz, widely adopted in early personal computers.
• 1975: The MOS Technology 6502 debuts, powering iconic
machines like the Apple II and Commodore 64.

The Rise of Personal Computing (1980s - 1990s):


• 1981: The Intel 8086 (16-bit) launches, powering the IBM PC and
setting the stage for the x86 architecture's dominance.
• 1982: The Intel 80286 (16-bit) navies, offering protected mode
addressing and paving the way of multitasking.
• 1985: The Intel 80386 (32-bit) revolutionizes PCs with true 32-bit
processing and virtual memory.
• 1989: The Intel 486 (32-bit) introduces an instruction cache and
floating-point unit, increasing performance significantly.
• 1993: The Intel Pentium (32-bit) lands, binging superscalar
execution and higher clock speeds.
• 1995: The AMD KS challenges Intel with its own x86-compatible
processor, marking the begining of strong competition.

The Multi-Core Era (200s - Present):


• 2000: The Intel Pentium 4 fouses on clock speed increse but faces
heat and power efficiency issues.
• 2003: The AMD Athlon 64 introduces the 64-bit x86 architecture,
expanding addressable memory and paving the way for future
growth.
• 2006: The Intel Core Duo (dual core) marks a shift towards multi-
core architecture for improved performance and power efficiency.
• 2007: AVID responds with the Phenom (quad-core) processor,
further pushing the core count.
• 2011: Intel unveils the Sandy Bridge architecture, integrating
graphics onto the CPU and improving performance per watt.
• 2017: AMD's ryzen processors leverage their zen architecture to
compete efficiency with Intel across various segments.
• 2020: Apple unveils its MI chip, marking a significant shift towards
Ann-based processors with impressive performance and power
efficiecy in laptops and desktops.

Innovations:
• Transistor count increase: More transistor, more processing
power.
• Clock speed increase: Faster cycles, faster processing.
• Instruction sets: Specific instructions for different tasks,
improving, improving efficiency.
• Pipelines: Overlapping instructions execution for faster
throughput.
• Caches: Storing frequently used data for quicker access.

• Multi-core architecture: Multiple cores working in parallel for


improved performance.
• 64-bit architecture: addressing larger memory spaces and
enabling complex applications.

Influential Processor Architectures:


• x86: Dominant architecture in PCs and servers, known for
performance and compatibility.
• Arm: Rising architecture known for power efficiency and mobility,

used in Smartphone’s and laptops.


• RISC (Reduced Instructions Set Computing): Simpler instructions
for faster execution, used in embedded systems.
• MIPS (Microprocessor without Interlocked pipeline stages):
Focuses on simplicity and efficiency, used in embedded systems
and workstations.

Compare and Contrast Different Processor Technologies:


Comparing Different processor technologies reveals varying
architectures with x86/x64 dominating desktops and servers, ARM
prevalent in mobile and 10t devices, and emerging RISC-V offering
customizable solutions, While x86/x64 and ARM excel in general-
purpose computing and power efficiency respectively, RISC-V
stands out for its open source nature and potential for
customization. Quantum computing, still in its nascel stages,
promises revolutionary performance gains but faces significant
challenges in practice implementation.

Intel (13th & 14th Generations)


Model Thread Integrated Graphic Cache Price Launch
13100 UHD 730 1.5 GHZ 24 $134
Core i3 13100F 8 .. .. .. 5 MB 12 MB $109 Q1 2023
13100T UHD 730 1.5 GHZ 24 $134
13600K UHD 770 1.5 GHZ $319 Q1 2022
20 MB
13600KF 20 32 24 MB $294
Core i5
13500 UHD 730 1.55 GHZ 11.5 MB $232 Q1 2023
13400T 16 24 9.5 MB 20 MB $221
13700K UHD 770 1.6 GHZ 32 $409 Q4 2022
Core i7 13700KF 24 .. .. .. 24 MB 30 Mb $384
Q1 2022
13700T UHD 770 1.6 GHZ 32 $384
13900KS .. $700 Q1 2023
1.6 GHZ 32
Core i9 13900KS 32 .. 32 MB 36 MB $589 Q4 2022
13900KF .. .. .. $564 Q1 2023

AMD Ryzen
Model Threads L3 Cache TDP Core Configuration launch
1300 X 11-Apr-17
PRO 1300 27-Jul-17
Ryzen 3 4(4) 8 MB 65 W
PRO 1200 29-Jun-17
1200 2x2 27-Jul-17
1600 X 95 W 11-Apr-17
PRO 1600 6(12) 29-Jun-17
Ryzen 5 16 MB
1600 65 W 2x3
17-Apr
1500 4(8) 2x2
1800 X 2-Mar-17
PRO1700 X 95 W 29-Jun-17
Ryzen 7 8(16) 16 MB
1700 X 2-Mar-17
PRO 1700 65 W 2x4 29-Jun-17
Conclusion:
The evolution of computers has been one of the most impactful
developments in human history. From the abacus to **AI-powered**
devices, computers have transformed every aspect of society As
technology continues to evolve, we can expect even more
revolutionary changes in the future.

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