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Maths Portfolio

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27 views5 pages

Maths Portfolio

Uploaded by

patelvyom494
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1

1. NAME : Vyom N. Badreshiya

2. SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS

3. Roll No. : 35

4. Standard : 10 ( CBSE )

5. Teacher : Shreyanshi Mehta / Azaz


Meman
2

 INTRODUCTION

Mathematics is a field of study that discovers


and organizes methods, theories and theorems that
are developed and proved for the needs
of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There
are many areas of mathematics, which
include number theory (the study of
numbers), algebra (the study of formulas and
related structures), geometry (the study of shapes
and spaces that contain them), analysis (the study
of continuous changes), and set theory (presently
used as a foundation for all mathematics).
Mathematics is essential in the natural
sciences, engineering, medicine, finance, computer
science, and the social sciences. Although
mathematics is extensively used for modeling
phenomena, the fundamental truths of
mathematics are independent of any scientific
experimentation. Some areas of mathematics, such
as statistics and game theory, are developed in
close correlation with their applications and are
often grouped under applied mathematics. Other
areas are developed independently from any
application (and are therefore called pure
mathematics) but often later find practical
applications.
3

CHAPTER : 1 ( REAL NUMBERS )


 The fundamental theorem of arithmetic :
In mathematics, the fundamental theorem of
arithmetic, also called the unique factorization
theorem and prime factorization theorem, states
that every integer greater than 1 can be
represented uniquely as a product of prime
numbers, up to the order of the factors.

 Formulas :
 a) Apply the division lemma to find 'm' and 'n' where a = bm + n, 0 ≤
n < b.
 b) If n = 0, the HCF is 'b'. If n ≠ 0, apply Euclid's lemma to 'b' and 'n'.
 c) Carry on with the process till the remainder's value is zero. The
divisor will be HCF of (a, b). Also, HCF of (a, b) = HCF (b, n).

 Revisiting Irrational Number :

An irrational number is a real number that cannot be


expressed as a ratio of integers; for example, √2 is an
irrational number. We cannot express any irrational
number in the form of a ratio, such as p/q, where p
and q are integers, q≠0.

 Summary :
In this chapter, you have studied the following points: 1. The Fundamental Theorem of
Arithmetic : Every composite number can be expressed (factorised) as a product of primes,
and this factorisation is unique, apart from the order in which the prime factors occur. 2. If p
is a prime and p divides a2, then p divides a, where a is a positive integer. 3. To prove that
2, 3 are irrationals.

CHAPTER : 2 ( POLYNOMIALS )
4

 POLYNOMIALS :

Polynomials are algebraic expressions that consist of


variables and coefficients. Variables are also sometimes
called indeterminates. We can perform arithmetic
operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
also positive integer exponents for polynomial expressions
but not division by variable.

1.Linear Polynomial : Polynomial of degree 1.


2.Quadratic Polynomial : Polynomial of degree 2
(square).
3.Cubic Polynomial : Polynomial of degree 3 ( cube )

 Algebraic Formulas :

 (a+b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab.
 (a-b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab.
 (a+b) (a-b) = a2 – b2
 (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab.
 (x + a)(x – b) = x2 + (a – b)x – ab.
 (x – a)(x + b) = x2 + (b – a)x – ab.
 (x – a)(x – b) = x2 – (a + b)x + ab.
 (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)

 Summary :
1. Polynomials of degrees 1, 2 and 3 are called linear,
quadratic and cubic polynomials respectively.
2. A quadratic polynomial in x with real coefficients is of
the form ax2 + bx + c, where a, b, c are real numbers with
a  0.
3. The zeroes of a polynomial p(x) are precisely the x-
coordinates of the points, where the graph of y = p(x)
intersects the x-axis.
4. A quadratic polynomial can have at most 2 zeroes and a
cubic polynomial can have at most 3 zeroes.
5

5. If  and  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ax2


+ bx + c.

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