VolumetricAnalysis
EXPERIMENT NO. 7.1
O8/ECTIVE
prepare standard|solution
of oxalic acid using chemical balance.
a standard solution of
) Todetermine the strength of a given sodium hydroxide solution by titrating it against
oxalicacid(M/10),
BRIEFTHEORY
to amount of base present.
basetitrations, atthe end point, the amount of acid becomes chemically equivalent pH =7.
acid
ln strong acid
and a strong base titration, at the end point of solution the solution becomes neutral, i.e.,
caseoof a
In
MATERIALSREQUIRED
flask (250
m), pipette (25 ml), conical flask (250 ml), burette stand. funnel, white glazed tile and measuring
Burette(50
axalicacid (N/10) and NaOH solution.
CHEMICAL REACTION
COOH + 2NaOH COONa +2H,0
COOH COONa
Sodium oxalate
Oxalicacid
INDICATOR
Phenolphthalein
END POINT
Fig. 7.1 Fig. 7.2
titration fask).
Pink to colourless (if base is taken in
PROCEDURE
oxalic acid
LPreparation of standard solution of
1. Molecular weight of oxalic acid = 126 g. 106 250
Amount of oxalic acid required forsolution in 250 ml will be
10 20 1000
3.15 g.
2 Weigh empty watch glass with the help of chemical balance.
3. Take approximate amount of substance in watch glass and weigh exactly 3.15 g by using chemical balance.
.Take a measuring flask of 250 ml, washed thoroughly with water.
S. Transfer the substance from the watch glass into the flask with the help of funnel as shown in diagram. Add water with
the help of wash bottle.
0. Wash the funnel several times with distilled water without removing the funnel from the flask by using wash bottle.
Add water slowly so that it may not exceed the volume mark of the flask.
1. Remove the funnel and shake the flask till the solid completely dissolves.
Make up the solution up tothe mark by adding distilled water with the help of awash bottle and shake itafter closing
the flask with the
stopper.
47
SARASWATI LAB MANUAL CHEMISTRY-XI
II, Titration of NaOH and oxalie acid
1. Rinse a clean burette with given oxalic acid
solution.
2. Fitthe burette on the stand and fill it (ncarly up to0 zero level) with NaOHsolution.
3. Remove the air gap if' any, from the burette by running the solution forcefully from the burette n0zzle
initial reading.
phenolphthalein indicator to it
4. Pipette out 25 ml of NaOH solution in a conical flask. Add 2-3 drops of
$. Titrate the base with oxalic acid solution until pink colour just disappears.
6. Repeat the titration till three concordant readings are obtained.
OBSERVATION TABLE
Burette readings:
Volume of oxalic acid used Volume of NaOH
S.No.
Initial reading Final reading
(V,)in ml(Final-initial) used in ml Concordant
of burette of burette
rending
1.
CALCULATIONS
M,V, = M,V, M, = Molarity of acid
(Acid) (Base) V, = Volume of acid in m!
1
x V, = M, x 25 M, = Molarity of base
10
M, = V, = Volume of base in ml
250
Strength of NaOH solutions = M, x Molecular weight = x 40 gL- .
250
RESULT
The strength of given NaOH solution is gL!.
EXPERIMENT NO. 7.2
OBJECTIVE
() To prepare standard solution of sodium carbonate.
(i) Todetermine the strength of given solution of dilute HCI by titrating it against astandard solution of sodium
carbonate.
BRIEF THEORY
When weak base is titrated with strong acid, solution is slightly acidic at end point. If weak acid is titrated with strong bas:
the solution is slightly basic because the salt formed will be hydrolysed to certain extent.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Burette (50 ml), pipette (25 ml), conical flask (250 ml), burette stand, funnel, white glazed tile, measuring fask, Na,C0
hydrochloric acid, methyl orange solution.
CHEMICAL EQUATION
Na,C0, +2HCI ’ 2NaCl+ H,0 +CO,
48 SARASWATI LAB MANUAL CHEMISTRY
INDICATOR
Meihyl
orange.
END
POINWT
pink(If HCI is taken in burette).
to
yellow
PROCEDURE
Preparationof standard solution of Na,C0,
L Molecular weight of Na,CO, =106.
. M 106 250
Amount of Na,CO, required to prepare solution in 250 ml = = 1.325 g.
20 20 1000
ecalve 1.325 g of Na,CO, in distilled water and prepare the standard solution in 250 ml of measuring flask by adding
water.
required amount of
Titration of hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate solution
M
, Binse the clean burette with given HCl solution o2pprox.
.Ea hurette on the stand and fillit nearly up tozero level or up to your eye level with HCl solution.
,Demove the air gap if any from the burette by running the solution forcefully from the burette nozzle and note the
initial reading.
4 Pipette out 25 ml of Na,CO, solution in titration flask.
s Add2-3 drops of methyl orange as indicator.
6 Continue adding HCI from burette till yellow colour of solution becomes pink. Note down final reading of the burete.
1. Record your observations in the tabular form.
8. Perform 5to 6 or more titrations so that at least three concordant readings are obtained (difference in initial and final
reading remains the same).
OBSERVATION TABLE
Burette readings:
S.No. Initial reading Final reading Volume of HCl used in Volume of Na,CO, Concordant
ml (Final-Initial) solution taken in ml reading
2
3.
CALCULATIONS
M,V, = 2M,V, M, = Molarity of acid
(Acid) (Base) V, = Volume of acid (from burette)
1
M, = 2 x x 25 x M, = Molarity of base =
1
20
V 20
V, = Volume of base = 25 ml
Strength = M, x Molecular weight of HCl acid = N, x 36.5 gL!.
SARASWATI LAB MANUAL
CHEMISTRY-XI 49
ement. To Note: RESULT
Strength 5. PRECAUTIONS
4. 2. 1. 3.
determine Wash BringKeepRotateWhile
distilled
water.
with
2. 1. of
WriteWrite HCIl the the the
the weighing,
percentage date, date, is
burette watch
weights knob
experiment, with glass of do
experiment, in
balance not
purity weight
water close
spill
of toboxgently. the
equations, gL-!,
requirements,
given
after
funnel at
titration substance
proper
sample while
EXPERIMENT NO.
7.indicator,
3 is places
theory, on
of transferring
over.
sodium balance
procedure, end after
point weighing. pan.
carbonate, weighed
general and
calculations substance
1l
calculations
g
of
which on and
white
on transfer
dissolved ruled
page
page it
in gently.
per pencil.
in
litre. pen. Wash
Ask it
for rens
you
