Problem set # 2 Kinematicsof material point ENSNN-2023-2024

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EXERCISE 1:

A car covers half of a distance at a velocity of 80 km/h, and the other half at a velocity of 40
km/h. What is the average speed at which the trajectory was covered?

EXERCISE 2:

I - An object falls from a height h = 19.6 m with no initial velocity. Find the object’s equation
of motion with respect to time, z(t).

II - What is the necessary time for this object to achieve the first meter? And the last meter?

EXERCISE 3:

Consider an object moving rectilinearly along an axis (x', O, x). The velocity variation with
respect to time is shown in the diagram below. At time t = 0s, it passes through the point x =
2m.

1. Specify the direction of motion of the mobile at t = 0s.

2. Describe the nature of the motion between t = 0s and t = 8s.
3. Find the position of the mobile at time t = 7s.
4. Establish the time-dependent equation of motion, x (t). Plot the displacement diagram.

4 V (m/s)

1
t (s)
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

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Problem set # 2 Kinematic of material point ENSNN-2023-2024

Exercise 4:

A particle moves along the axis (x', O, x) with a

velocity ‫ݒ‬Ԧ= ‫)ݐ(ݒ‬ଓ Ԧ, where v(t) is given by the curve
shown in front. Knowing that the particle is at the
origin (x = 0) at time t = 0s:

1. What is the abscissa of the particle on the axis

(x', O, x) at the times t = 1s and t = 4s?
2. What is the acceleration of the particle at time
t = 3s?
3. Calculate the average velocity between t = 0s
and t = 4s.
4. Plot the curve of the abscissa x(t) between t = 0s and t = 4s.

Exercise 5:

The position of a particle moving in space is gived by the following position vector:
௧
‫ݎ‬
Ԧ= 6ଓ
Ԧ+ ‫ݐ‬ቀଶ − 1ቁଔ ሬ
⃗
Ԧ− (3 + 2‫ݐ‬− ‫ݐ‬ଶ)݇

1. Provide the velocity vector at t = 2s.

2. What is its magnitude at t = 2s?
3. Provide the acceleration vector at t = 2s.
4. At what instant does the particle change its direction?

Exercise 6:

A mobile moving along the axis (x', O, x) starts at the initial time with a velocity V (t = 0s) =
2m/s from the point with abscissa x (t = 0s) = 3m. The acceleration diagram is given in the
figure below.

1. Plot the velocity diagram.

2. Specify the different phases of the motion. Justify your answer.
3. a) Determine the positions occupied by the mobile at the times t = 2s and t = 10s.
b) Represent the velocity and acceleration vectors at these same times. Use the following
scales: ૚ ࢉ࢓ → ૚ ࢓ /࢙ ࢋ࢚ ૚ࢉ࢓ → ૚࢓ /࢙૛

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Exercise 7

A mobile M, treated as a point mass, moves along the axis (x', O, x). The figure below shows the graph of its
acceleration as a function of time for 0s ≤ t ≤ 8s. Assume that at t = 0s, x0 = 2m, and v0 = 0m/s.

1- Plot the graph of its velocity as a function of time over the same time interval.
2- Determine the different phases of the motion, specifying its nature.
3- Plot x1(t), for 0s ≤ t ≤ 8s.
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4- Another mobile P moves on the same x'Ox axis following the position-time equation x2(t) = 8- t.
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Determine graphically the moment t1 when both mobiles meet.

Exercise 8

In a fixed coordinate system, R(Ox, Oy), the velocity components of two mobiles, A and B, are given by the
following expressions, respectively:

𝑣𝐴𝑥 = −𝑡 (𝑚/ 𝑠) 𝑣𝐵𝑥 = +𝑡 (𝑚/ 𝑠)

𝑣𝐴 {
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣𝐵 {
𝑣𝐴𝑦 = −𝑡 (𝑚/ 𝑠) 𝑣𝐵𝑦 = +𝑡 (𝑚/ 𝑠)

1- Determine the time equations of motion, knowing that at the initial time (t = 0s), both mobiles were at the
following positions:

𝑥 = 1 (𝑚) 𝑥 = 2 (𝑚)
𝑂𝑀𝐴 (𝑡 = 0𝑠) { 𝐴0
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝑀𝐵 (𝑡 = 0𝑠) { 𝐵0
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑦𝐴0 = 1 (𝑚) 𝑦𝐵0 = 0 (𝑚)

2-Show that both motions are rectilinear and uniformly accelerated.

3-Calculate the average velocity of mobile A, over the time interval [0s, 1s].
4-What is the distance separating the positions occupied by the two mobiles at time t= 1s?
5-Demonstrate that the trajectories of A and B are perpendicular.

Exercise 9

A vehicle, considered as a material point, moves along the trajectory (ABCD) shown in the figure below,
which consists of two straight segments (AB) and (CD), and a quarter of a circle (BC) with a radius of R. The
velocity diagram of the vehicle is provided in the attached figure. At time t = 0s, the vehicle is located at point
A on the trajectory.
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
Given: AB = CD = 2000m and R = m
𝝅

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1-At which point on the trajectory does the vehicle come to a stop?
2-Calculate and represent at point I, the midpoint of (BC), and the acceleration vector of M.
𝟒𝟎𝟎
Use a scale of 1cm → (m) and 1cm → 0.01m/s²
𝝅
3- At time t = 250s, a person starting from point P with coordinates (xp = 300m, yp = 0m) begins running along
the x'Ox axis towards point B. Their acceleration, denoted as "a" is constant and equals 0.04m/s². Can the
person reach the vehicle at point B? Justify your answer.

Exercise 10

Consider a mobile, denoted as M, moving on a plane (x', O, x). Below are the graphs of vx (t) and vy (t)
representing the variation of its velocity components over time. It is assumed that at t=0s, x=0m, and y=0m.

1-Illustrate the trajectory that describes the motion of mobile M between the time instants t 0=0s and t=20s.
Use the scale of 1cm → 2.5m.
2-What is the distance traveled by the mobile between the time instants t0=0s and t=10s?
3-Depict the graphs of ax(t) and ay(t) representing the variation of acceleration components over time. Specify
the scales used.
4-On the trajectory, plot the velocity and acceleration vectors of the mobile at the time instants t1=5s and
t2=20s. Use the scales of 1cm → 1m/s for velocity and 1cm → 0.1m/s² for acceleration.

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Exercise 11

The parametric equations for the trajectory of a mobile subject to motion in a plane (xOy) are as follows: x =
t2-1 et y = t/3.

1. Determine the components of the velocity vector.

2. Determine the components of the acceleration vector.
3. What are the phases of the motion?
4. Establish the equation of the trajectory.
5. Plot the trajectory.

Exercise 12

𝑡2
A mobile, moving in a horizontal plane (xOy), is defined by its Cartesian coordinates: x= 2t and y=- +8
2
(in meters).

1. Establish the equation of trajectory of mobile and plot it for x > 0 and y > 0. Use a scale of 1 cm → 1
m.
2. Determine and plot the velocity vector at time t1 = 2 s. Use a scale of 1 cm → 1 m/s.
3. Determine the intrinsic components ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑛 , and ⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑡 of the acceleration vector at t = 2 s and represent the
vector 𝑎(2s). Use a scale of 4 cm → 1 m/s².
4. Calculate the radius of curvature ρ of the trajectory at time t1 = 2 s.

Exercise 13

Consider a mobile A moving in the (xOy) plane, with its coordinates x and y given by the following
equations: x=3t and y= - t2+4t (in meters).

1. Determine the equation of the mobile's trajectory and qualitatively plot it for x > 0 and y > 0.
2. Determine the velocity vector of the mobile and its magnitude at time (t).
3. Calculate the magnitude of the average velocity vector between the times t = 0 s and t = 3 s.
4. Determine the acceleration vector of the mobile and its magnitude at time (t).
5. Calculate the angle α that the velocity vector makes with the acceleration vector at time t = 0 s.
Deduce the tangential acceleration at the same moment.
6. Calculate the radius of curvature of the trajectory at the point reached by the mobile at t = 0 s.
7. At time t = 0 s, a second mobile B begins moving from the origin with the velocity vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑣𝐵 = 3 𝑖
(m/s).
a) Determine the velocity vector of A relative to B.
b) Deduce the trajectory described by A in the frame of reference linked to B.

Exercise 14
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The curvilinear abscissa of mobile M describing a circle of radius R is given by: 𝑠(𝑡) = 2 𝛼𝑡2 + β𝑡 , 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑β
being constants.

1. Provide the expression for the tangential and normal components of the acceleration vector of the
mobile M.
2. Deduce the magnitude of the acceleration of M.

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Exercise 14
𝑣
A point M describes a circle of radius R centered at O with a velocity: 𝑣(𝑡) = 1+𝛼0 𝑡 ; where 𝑣0 and α are
positive constants.
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