AKSHAY SINGHVI(21BEE0370)
EARTH LEAKAGE PROTECTION
Exp- 06
Date- 19-09-2024
Name: Akshay Singhvi
Reg No. : 21BEE0370
Aim:
To study the earth leakage protection scheme used for single phase and three
phase loads.
Apparatus:
S.No Description Range Type Quantity
1. Core Balance Transformer (0- 100)mm - 1
2. Ammeter (0-500)mA AC 1
3. Ammeter (0 - 10)A AC 1
4. 1-φ Auto Transformer (0- 230)V AC 1
5. Loading Rheostat (0 – 10)A 3φ 1
Earth leakage protection for single phase loads
The relay consists of a toroidal core through which the two wires - the phase and
neutral wires – are passed. A third coil known as the pick-up coil, is wound and connected
across as ammeter as shown in Fig.1. The phase and neutral leads are connected to
these wires as shown in the Fig.1 so that the wires A and B carry the currents in the phase
wire and neutral wire, respectively
Iph = In + IP
A
P P Earthed
Chassis
N N
Figure 1: Earth leakage protection for single phase load
AKSHAY SINGHVI(21BEE0370)
Under normal operating conditions, the current through the phase wire 9and coil is
exactly the same as that through the neutral wire (and coil B). Thus there is no magneto
motive force (mmf) acting on the toroidal core. The flux linked with the pickup coil is
therefore zero. And thus no voltage is induced in the pickup coil and the ammeter
remains un-energized.
Earth leakage protection for three phase loads
Fig.2 shows earth Leakage for a three phase load. The three phase leads are
threaded through a CT core on which a pick up coil is provided as in the case single phase
earth leakage protection.
Ia + Ib +Ic =ILEAK
Iron core flux
R R
Y Y Earthed
B B Chassis
N N
3 ɸ load
3 ɸ supply
Figure 2: Earth leakage protection for three phase load
During the normal balanced operating condition, the phasor sum of the three phases
current is zero. Therefore is no net mmf acting on the core and the OC relay remains
unenergized. However, during the earth Leakage situation shown in Fig, the net mmf
acting in the core is (Ileak) ampere – turns. This causes a flux to be produced. A voltage is
induced in the pickup winding causing the OC relay connected across it to operate.
AKSHAY SINGHVI(21BEE0370)
Circuit diagram for single phase load
Tabular column:
AKSHAY SINGHVI(21BEE0370)
Precautions:
• Ensure Proper Grounding: Before starting the experiment, verify that the
ground/earth connections are intact and properly installed.
• Use Insulated Tools: Handle equipment with insulated tools to prevent
accidental electrical shocks.
• Check Circuit Connections: Double-check all circuit connections to ensure
there are no loose or incorrect connections that could lead to short circuits or
unsafe operation.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Wear appropriate PPE, such as rubber
gloves and safety goggles, when working around electrical circuits.
• Turn off Power before Adjustments: Always switch off the power supply before
making any adjustments or changing connections in the circuit.
• Monitor Earth Leakage: Use earth leakage circuit breakers (ELCB) and
residual current devices (RCD) to monitor and trip the circuit in case of
leakage.
• Stay within Load Ratings: Ensure that the loads connected to the circuit are
within the rated capacity of the protection scheme.
• Avoid Wet Conditions: Keep the experimental area dry to avoid short circuits
or electrical shocks due to water or moisture.
• Use Correct Fuse Ratings: Ensure that the fuses used in the circuit have the
appropriate ratings to prevent overcurrent conditions
Conclusion:
This experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of the earth leakage
protection scheme in safeguarding both single-phase and three-phase
electrical systems. The ELCB/RCD successfully detected earth leakage
currents and interrupted the circuit to prevent electrical hazards such as
electric shock or fire. The response of the protection scheme to
simulated earth faults highlights its critical role in maintaining safety in
electrical installations, both for equipment and human protection.
AKSHAY SINGHVI(21BEE0370)
Experimental Signature:
