Second Order ofActive Lower Pass Filter

Aim: To study 2nd order active low and high pass filter.
Apparatus: Experimental board Dual Power Supply, Signal generator
C.R.O, Connecting wires.
Formula:
1. The cut off frequency is given by F, = 1/2rR, Hz
2. The closed loop voltage gain is given by Aye l= 1+(R/R)
3. The Phase shift is determined by =t/TX 360°
between the input and
Where T is the period of input signal and 't' is the time difference
cutput signals.

Theory :An electronic filter is often a frequency selective circuit that passes
a specific band of frequencies and blocks or attenuates signals of frequencies
outside the band. Active filter is the filter with an active element like OP
amp. In 2" order low pass filter two RC combinations are used for filtering.
The OP-amp is used in non INVconfiguration. The gain of the second
order filter is set by Rl and Rf while the cutoff frequency fh is determined
by R2, C2, R3, and C3 as given below.

ifR, = R; =R, C2=C3 =C then fh =/2RC

A Second order high pass filter can be formed from a second order lowpass
filter by simply interchanging the frequeney resistance and capacitor.
Procedeure
Secrni (Order Low Pass Filter
Figu.t A Jeegn asecoriG
a) Çonnsct the circuit as shown ir
filter for a cut off frequency or i5kH. LetC0.00iuf
order
and R = 47 KS2
CP amp
b) Let R, -- 10KN Therefore Closed IDop voliage gnin of
is I.586

.ie (1+R/R1)
PfR, =0.586 R,= 10KS2 Re5.6KQ2
<) Keeping the sinusoidal input votage V, ccnstart at ail
frequencies the output V over afrequeDcy "arige
d) Using a dual tráce CRO determine the time lag 't' beiweer V9
and V, for each frequency. Calculate the phase shift 0 asig
the formua
- T x 360°
=) Pioi a graph Vout Vs, Ën 0 log ;
, .
Det rmine the cut Git
frequency ånd compare with expected value
 fin
Log
+15V -I5V 560
X
shift=(1T).
Phase
+
8
3
Observation
Frequency
nVoulP-P)
R filter (valcülated)
2rRC
W
pass
iow
a
for
-For
fc
l5KHz Vin2V(p-p)
'"baervations
tieouenty
fe
No
off
Cui
 40) (20) 80
P1
(10)
S
USACEI COLLEGE
EXAMINATION
PASS/HIGH
PASS
FILTERS ota)
obtained
Frequency theof changing
capacitor
Pass/High theexpectedbotth
constant.
number Determine :at
over observing
CRO
iç and
V;.
Code: Candidate
No.
Lowa cutoff response
by voltage the >> as
trace circuit.
AUTONOMOUS with sufficient
millivoltmeter
with ;p frequency
(ii)
(Practical) active f. by Dual Vo
for gain.
provided input log
it V, betweenthe
frequency Compare and
(Applied
Component) R of
Coure (REVISED
COURSE) order of Voltage Take keeping versUs hetp cutoff connect
Instrumentation] LOW value V,
are
second CRO/AC the 360°
between = lead/lag
2017 its .
suitable steps,V, graph. with f,)f, leads/lags
ACTIVE Youthe 10 V;: io
study voltage ;
Calculate frequency breadboard
9
a to simultaneously
RUIA of OP-AMP: Trace
f/10 suitable this shift (ü)(tx time
diagram a and
ORDER for from phase 9°= t=
outpui
[Electronic of Dualin
uf. circuitcircuit
RAMNARAIN
P-17-Exarn./J.
972-1000-2-12.
filter
Pass
using f f<< andState
Tinrelation
input whether
V,
Use
V-BSc-EIP-1-AC-R-12-6(a) circuit range
using of frequency
frequency thewaveforms
9.--SECOND
the
the graph 3
= step :
frequency
Construct
Determine thef,n N.B.
the readings
B.Sc. Design signala cutoff
value. where
using
Draw from
C= Plot the
T.Y. EIP-:
3. 4.
1 2
 therefore nearest
1.56.
K the be
4.7 will
But
1.586 gain
it
to 5862.
Vot actual
2I1RC available =
=1 Rp Ri
k f
KHz. 1+
=
=
Rr the
by 1 KHz.Av
resistance Hence
therefore
given = 4822
ohms.
by Ri
f
and 1026
|,026
given 0.586 Qs.
is 1KQ,
F
frequency nearest be 560
u ofT willis
cut-
actual =
R 0.033
gain Rp is
R Therefore frequency =
Thereforeavailable
the the
cut-offC= R1
resistance
Let But Also Let
Destgning:
The
tB.e
P1
S
USACEI FILTERS
6 10 8 6
EXAMINATION
Frequency theof changing
Pass/High
capacitor constant.
theexpectedboth obtained
overnumber Determine at
PASS observing
CRO
No.
Candidate by voltage the
response as V;.
Code Lowa cutoff sufficient trace frequencyand
PASS/HIGHwith millivoltmeter circuit.
(Practical) active with
input f. by Dual Vo
for gain.
provided Voltage
suitable
frequency logit V,
CowrseMUMBAI
OF
UNIVERSITY
Component)
(Applied
COURSE)
(REVISED order R of Take keeping
Compare
versus andof cutoff
between the
help connect
Instrumentation] LOW value
CRO/AC
V,
are
second the 360°
between
itsf. steps,V, graph. = lead/lag
2012 ACTIVE Youthe 10 with f, V;. to
study voltage f.)
9 Calculate
a OP-AMP. to simultaneously leads/lags
;frequency breadboard
of suitable
Trace this shift x time
ORDERdiagram andf/10 (t
Hz.for output
from phase 0°= =
972-1000-2-12.
P-17-Exam./J.
[Electronic circuitDual
uF. circuit of in relation t V,
V-BSc-EIP--AC-R-12-6(a) using
circuit
9--SECOND
range signalfrequency
f
using of frequencythewaveforms
inputand Use
the graph whether
the Construct Determinethe= 3 :
filter
the
trequency f,n step N.B.
readings
B.Sc. Design a cutoff usingwhereState
Draw
Pass value. from
C=f,
= Plot the
T.Y. EIP-:
1. 2. 3. 4.