LISTENING (50 POINTS)

PART 1: Complete the form below. For questions 1-5, write NO MORE THAN ONE
WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided on the answer sheet. (10 points)
Job details from employment agency
Role: (1) ______
Location: Fordham (2) ______ Centre
(3) ______ Road, Fordham
Work involves:

● Dealing with enquiries

● Making appointments and (4) ______ them

● Maintaining the internal (5) ________

● General administration

PART 2: You will hear part of a talk about the reasons why some World Heritage
sites are at risk. Decide whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
1. Mexico ranks sixth in the total number of UNESCO World Heritage sites.
2. Being recognized as a World Heritage site can have two-sided effects on the site
chosen.
3. More than two thirds of heritage sites in the world are home to endangered species.
4. Some UNESCO World Heritage sites in Syria have been devastated in the war.
5. UNESCO has added Belgian beer to its cultural heritage list.
PART 3: You will hear an interview with Maria Stefanovich, co-founder of a creativity
group which organizes workshops for executives. For questions 1 – 5, choose the
answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers
in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
1. Corporations appreciate mask-making workshops because ______.
A. no one wants negative faces at the office
B. unhappy employees won't come to work
C. they realize how their employees see them
D. their employees change their approach

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2. Companies are turning to creative workshops because they have acknowledged that
______.
A. unproductive employees are a financial burden
B. the traditional work environment has its limitations
C. there is an increase in absenteeism
D. employees are working too hard without enjoying it
3. The employees at the firm “Play” ______.
A. change positions frequently to lessen boredom
B. have business cards indicating their jobs
C. dress up like comic book characters
D. do not have stereotyped ideas about their jobs
4. The companies that show most interest in creative workshops are surprising because
______.
A. they usually have creative employees to begin with
B. their employees are the ones who have to present regularly
C. there are many other exciting workshops they would prefer
D. their employees should be used to being funny
5. Maria mentions the traditional companies that have held workshops in order to
______.
A. boast about the clients her company has helped
B. show that they have a narrow list of clients
C. downplay the serious reputations of the firms
D. point out the diversity of those trying different approaches
PART 4: For questions 1 – 10, listen to a piece of news about how young people are
transforming Africa and complete the summary. Write NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS taken from the recording in each blank. Write the answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes. (20 points)
With a boom in young population on the horizon, Africa is obviously heading for a
(1) ______________________________. As a result, activists are trying to engage
youngsters in (2) _____________________________, particularly via many
programs like scholarships, or young African leaders initiatives by the US government.
Besides, (3) _____________________________ hold competitions to look for new
ideas for job opportunities for the young. These programs aid Africa in many aspects,
including healthcare for pregnant women, employment for girls on (4)
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_____________________________, or classes in business for (5)
______________________________. In addition, many (6)
____________________________________ are being founded by groups of
businessmen.
Over the recent years, soaring use of mobile phone has served as a (7)
_________________________ in tech industry, with apps for farmers to keep
abreast of (8) _____________________________ and keep track of (9)
___________________________________. The (10)
____________________________________ in Africa, driven by youth, is
predicted to influence not only the continent but also the entire world in the future.
LEXICO-GRAMMAR (40 POINTS)
PART 1: Choose the answer A, B, C, or D that best completes each of the following
sentences. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (30 points)
1. The singer made his comeback at the festival and ______ onto the stage with a
confident smile all over his face.
A. strutted B. crept C. glided D. slithered
2.The doctor told her that she once had ______ that she was now suffering from anxiety
disorder.
A. so shocked B. so strong a shock C. been so shocking D. so strong shock
3. Journalists are ______ around the hotel, waiting to interview the star.
A. sauntering B. milling C. trudging D. staggering
4. I would rather ______ my holiday in Egypt than in Turkey. I really couldn’t stand the
food.
A. take B. to take C. to have taken D. have taken
5. The regular appearance of sex and violence on television undoubtedly has a ______
influence on teenagers.
A. precipitous B. parsimonious C. pernicious D. propitious
6. The government would be forced to use its emergency powers ______ further rioting
to occur.
A. were B. did C. had D. should
7. We are required to ______ empirical data and evidence from reliable sources to
support our argument.
A. attest B. elicit C. accost D. adduce

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8. Individuals are being arrested and detained for lengthy periods, often without trial, for
disseminating information judged to be ______ via the Internet.
A. seditious B. frolicsome C. unpropitious D. pedestrian
9. She ______ fainted when she heard that her son had been severely injured.
A. rather than B. nothing but C. all but D. near
10. Unlike his friends who also rose to stardom when they were still teenagers, Andy didn’t
have any ______ but became even more modest.
A. airs and graces B. cock and bull C. beer and skittles D. nudge and wink
11. ______ migrate long distances is well documented.
A. That it is birds B. That birds C. Birds that D. It is that birds
12. Blake may seem bossy, but it’s Lisa that really ______ in that relationship.
A. fills their boots B. puts a sock
C. wears the trousers D. gets their knickers
13. I’d say let’s meet on Saturday but I’m none ______ sure what’s happening at the
weekend.
A. so B. very C. that D. too
14. Her ______ display of tears at work did not impress her new boss, who felt she
should try to control her emotions.
A. maudlin B. meritorious C. precarious D. plausible
15. Four miles off the southern coast of Massachusetts ______, a popular summer resort.

A. lies the island of Martha’s Vineyard

B. the island of Martha’s Vineyard lies there
C. does lie the island of Martha’s Vineyard
D. where the island of Martha’s Vineyard
16. Facebook’s shares are ______ after the company launched a new Instagram feature
that will compete with Tiktok in the US.
A. holding its thumb B. on a tear C. coming up roses D. on high skies
17. ______ that Katie was getting married, we were sorry she’d be leaving home.
A. Delighted though were we B. As we were delighted
C. However delighted we were D. No matter delighted we were
18. It is far too easy to lay the blame ______ on the shoulders of the management.
A. flatly B. willingly C. squarely D. perfectly
19. ______, the diners settled the bill and left the restaurant.
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 A. Having hunger satisfied B. Hunger been satisfied
C. Satisfying their hunger D. Their hunger satisfied
20. The trouble with socializing with colleagues is that they usually end up talking
______.
A. sense B. shop C. back D. safe
21. Despite the harsh flow of the stream, she ______ her way through the water.
A. powered B. struck C. directed D. scrambled
22. The celebrity looked stunned, but he soon regained his______.
A. confusion B. composure C. discretion D. dissolution
23. After years working at that big law firm, I'm finally ______ for my own private
practice.
A. going the extra mile B. rocking the boat
C. thinking outside the box D. hanging out my shingle
24. He uttered a string of oaths, so oddly at ______ with his usual smooth and civilized
manner.
A. disagreement B. variance C. discrepancy D. incompatibility
25. The first amusement park in our city was a ______ success for its owners. Everybody
would go there to have a good time.
A. roaring B. ringing C. sparking D. cracking
26. Increasing terrorism in the region puts a new ______ on the situation.
A. complexion B. disposition C. outlet D. tantrum
27. I'm afraid we got our ______ crossed. I thought my husband would be picking up the
children and he thought I was doing it.
A. minds B. purposes C. wires D. fingers
28. For busy people in today’s society, lifestyle management is gaining ______.
A. point B. ground C. terrain D. speed
29. The latest trade figures have dealt a severe ______ to hopes of an
early economic recovery.
A. failure B. hitch C. blow D. drawback
30. _______ today, he would be in Tokyo by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. To leave
C. Were he to leave D. As he was leaving
PART 2: Give the correct form of each bracketed word in the following sentences.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
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1. The collapse of its rivals was a __________ opportunity for the company. (FORTUNE)
2. Officials are laying the __________ for a summit conference of world leaders.
(GROUND)
3. Memories of his childhood __________ when he saw the photographs. (FACE)
4. Most people with chlamydia are __________ and do not seek testing. (SYMPTOM)
5. As a result of factors such as increasing income demands of the family, the
establishment of new workplaces __________ women workforce and cheaper labor of
women, the number of working women has been increasing constantly. (NECESSARY)
6. The nurse gave him a __________ for smoking in the hospital. (TELL)
7. They accused regulatory __________ of hampering their business by imposing too
many petty conditions. (OFFICE)
8. Data are often expressed __________ in a way that makes them visually richer than
just charts or graphs. (PICTURE)
9. Hardly a day goes by without Tim being __________ of eating sweets. (DESIRE)
10. Bill has still nursed a __________ against his employers for not promoting him.
(GRIEF)
READING (60 POINTS)
PART 1: Read the text and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (15 points)
BALLET
The world of ballet has traditionally been a very (1) ___________ one, where
innovation has always taken a back seat to establish (2) ___________. However,
although it still requires some cautious (3) ___________ there are signs that ballet is
beginning to show a bit of a sea change in its attitudes. Take the corps de ballet, for
instance. The (4) ___________ corps will contain dancers all of the same build, height
and even ethnicity. This is because the corps has always been associated with the beauty
of the (5) ___________. Now that many up and (6) ___________ dancers are from
many parts of the world, including Asians and people of African (7) ___________,
different ethnic (8) ___________ are becoming accepted. This is especially true since
the rise of stars like Carlos Acosta, the famed Cuban dancer.
Another issue is that if ballet, as an art, is not a reflection of the world we all live in
but is simply an artificially (9) ___________ anachronism of the 19 th century, its survival
as an art becomes more and more improbable. There is a danger of ballet becoming

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permanently solidified in one narrow form only. This would be a great shame as all arts
must (10) ___________ to survive.

1. A. tyrannical B. conservative C. oppressive D. despotic

2. A. heritage B. understanding C. convention D. delegation
3. A. optimism B. anticipation C. expectation D. cheerfulness
4. A. characteristics B. clichéd C. stereotypical D. conceptual
5. A. symmetrical B. proportional C. harmonic D. coordinated
6. A. reaching B. arriving C. approaching D. coming
7. A. descent B. pedigree C. succession D. breeding
8. A. outset B. origins C. sources D. inspiration
9. A. pristine B. unspoiled C. cherished D. preserved
10. A. emerge B. evolve C. elaborate D. radiate

PART 2: Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use
only ONE word in each space. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered
boxes. (15 points)
From animated floor-to-ceiling paintings to giant fluorescent ball pits, immersive
art experiences have proliferated in warehouses, often (1) ___________ £25-£40 a
head.
Now experts have claimed that many are (2) ___________ gimmicks. Leading
digital artists have claimed that some of the most popular commercial immersive
experiences, particularly those based on the work of deceased artists, such as Van Gogh
and Dalí, are a money (3) ___________ that provide little reward to visitors beyond
Instagrammable moments.
The proliferation of these shows, which often use relatively old technology, is
diluting public perception (4) ___________ what immersive experiences could be and
risks sidelining more innovative work, the artists have claimed.
Lucy Hardcastle, a designer and digital artist who runs her own studio in London,
said the commercialization of immersive experiences did not leave (5) ___________ for
many original ideas.
Hardcastle, who has made work for the Victoria and Albert Museum and Chanel,
drew a (6) ___________ between commercial experiences like the Van Gogh, Monet
and Dalí exhibitions, which are primarily screen- or projection-based, and more cutting-
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edge shows where artists have created physical and digital environments from (7)
___________.
For example, the work of studio DRIFT, which is led by Dutch artists, includes
creating an autonomously moving group of illuminated drones, (8) ___________ to fly
using an algorithm derived from years of research into starling murmurations. The post-
digital art group Random International created Rain Room – where visitors entered a (9)
___________ without getting wet – which attracted tens of thousands of visitors to the
Barbican and the New York Museum of Modern Art. These kinds of projects often (10)
___________ years to develop.
PART 3: Read the text below and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think
best fits according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered
boxes. (15 points)
If you think that we are the only creatures on Earth with a moral sense, then you're in
good company. Most experts in behavior believe that morality is a uniquely human trait,
without which our complex social life would never have emerged - yet I'm convinced that
many animals can distinguish right from wrong. Decades spent watching wild and
captive animals have persuaded me that species living in groups often have a sense of
fair play built on moral codes of conduct that help cement their social relationships. The
notion of Nature being naturally ruthlessly and selfishly competitive doesn't hold true for
those of us who have observed and analyzed animal relationships.
That's not all. I suspect that herein lies the origin of our own virtue. Biologists have
had real problems trying to explain why people are frequently inexplicably nice to each
other. It just doesn't make sense in evolutionary terms, unless there are ulterior motives
behind our seemingly altruistic actions. Perhaps we expect a payback somewhere down
the line, or maybe our good deeds are directed only towards kin, with whom we share a
biological heritage. Nobody has really considered the possibility that being considerate
to your neighbors might sometimes be the best way to survive. But I'm starting to find
evidence that a well-developed sense of fair play helps non-human animals live longer,
more successful lives.
I'm particularly interested in social play amongst youngsters because it has its own
special rules of engagement, allowing participants to reinterpret acts that might
otherwise seem aggressive. My studies of infant dogs, wolves and coyotes reveal that
they use a special signal to prevent misinterpretation of playful actions. They perform a
'bow' - which entails crouching on the forelimbs while keeping the rear upright - when
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initiating play, or in association with aggressive actions such as biting, to modify their
meaning. And role reversal is common, so that during play a dominant animal will often
allow a subordinate to have the upper hand. Such behaviors reduce inequalities in size,
strength and dominance between playmates, fostering the co-operation and reciprocity
that are essential for play to occur. Indeed, on the rare occasions when an animal says
'Let's play' and then beats up an unsuspecting animal, the culprit usually finds itself
ostracized by its former playmates.
My belief is that a sense of fairness is common to many animals, because there could
be no social play without it, and without social play individual animals and entire groups
would be at a disadvantage. If I'm right, morality evolved because it is adaptive. It helps
many animals, including humans, to survive and flourish in their particular social
environment. This may sound like a radical idea, particularly if you view morality as
uniquely human and a sort of mystical quality that sets us apart from other animals. But
if you accept my argument that play and fairness are inextricably linked, you're halfway
there.
[A] As with any behavioral trait, the underlying genetics is bound to be complex, and
environmental influences may be large. [B] No matter. Provided there is variation in
levels of morality among individuals, and provided virtue is rewarded by a greater
number of offspring, then any genes associated with good behavior are bound to
accumulate in subsequent generations. [C] And the observation that play is rarely unfair
or uncooperative is surely an indication that natural selection acts to weed out those who
don't play by the rules. [D]
What does this tell us about human morality? First, we didn't invent virtue - its origins
are much more ancient than our own. Secondly, we should stop seeing ourselves as
morally superior to other animals. True, our big brains endow us with a highly
sophisticated sense of what's right and wrong, but they also give us much greater scope
for manipulating others - to deceive and try to benefit from immoral behavior. In that
sense, animal morality might be 'purer' than our own. We should accept our moral
responsibility towards other animals, and that means developing and enforcing more
restrictive regulations governing animal use. While animal minds may vary from one
species to another, they are not so different from our own, and only when we accept this
can we truly be moral in our relations with nature as a whole.
1. In the first paragraph, what does the writer state about morality?
A. Humans are the only creatures that demonstrate true emotional behavior.
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 B. A well-developed moral code does not lead to civilization.
C. Humans and animals share the same selfish instincts for survival.
D. There is a common misconception that animals are not moral.
2. What point does the writer make in the second paragraph?
A. People who are generous to others are not always sure why they behave that way.
B. People who do not possess good social skills achieve less in life.
C. People who behave considerately to others have selfish reasons for doing so.
D. People who treat acquaintances better than relatives are unusual.
3. Neighbors are mentioned as an example to ______.
A. illustrate the fact that another aspect of the driving force may have been
overlooked
B. reiterate the notion that being nice to others is not hereditary
C. strengthen his belief that longevity does come into play concerning how kind we
are
D. report that many folks are becoming increasingly disillusioned with their proclivity
to helping others
4. The word altruistic in paragraph two most likely means ______.
A. strange B. democratic C. selfless D. immaterial
5. What has the writer deduced about social play from his observation of animals?
A. It provides an opportunity for physically weaker animals to develop survival skills.
B. It allows animals to prove who is dominant in the group without using real
aggression.
C. It requires animals to abide by the rules or they will be excluded from the group.
D. It demonstrates that certain animals possess a large range of emotions.
6. Which of the following best summarizes the writer’s argument in the fourth paragraph?
A. There are different degrees of morality between various cultures.
B. Humans adopted moral behavior as a means of survival.
C. Groups benefit from social play more than individuals do.
D. Spirituality and morality are inseparable.
7. What does the writer state about the evolution of morality?
A. There may be a particular gene responsible for morality.
B. Moral development depends on physical hardships.
C. There is little point in seeking the origin of moral behavior.
D. Animals that behave fairly are more likely to breed.
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8. In the final paragraph, according to the writer, people ______.
A. must treat animals on equal terms with humans.
B. should be less arrogant in their view of themselves.
C. are more advanced as they use immorality to their advantage.
D. should discriminate between which animals display morality and those that do not.
9. The writer concludes that in our relations with nature as a whole, ______.
A. an open mind is of paramount importance
B. any exploitation should be dispensed with
C. bilateral responsibility is not always conducive to a long-standing relationship
D. virtue should be perceived with a new level of intricacy
10. Which of the following square brackets [A], [B], [C], or [D] best indicates where in
the paragraph the sentence “I am not putting the case forward for a specific gene
for fair or moral behavior.” can be inserted?
A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D]
PART 4: Read the text below and do the task. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes. (15 points)
SLEEPY STUDENTS PERFORM WORSE
A Staying up an hour or two past bedtime makes it far harder for kids to learn, say
scientists who deprived youngsters of sleep and tested whether their teachers could tell
the difference. They could. If parents want their children to thrive academically, “Getting
them to sleep on time is as important as getting them to school on time," said
psychologist Gahan Fallone, who conducted the research at Brown Medical School.
B The study, unveiled Thursday at an American Medical Association (AMA) science
writers meeting, was conducted on healthy children who had no evidence of sleep - or
learning-related disorders. Difficulty paying attention was among the problems the
sleepy youngsters faced - raising the question of whether sleep deprivation could prove
even worse for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. Fallone now
is studying that question, and suspects that sleep problems “could hit children with ADHD
as a double whammy”.
C Sleep experts have long warned that Americans of all ages do not get enough
shuteye. Sleep is important for health, bringing a range of benefits that, as Shakespeare
put it, “knits up the ravelled sleave of care”. Not getting enough is linked to a host of
problems, from car crashes as drivers doze off to crippled memory and inhibited
creativity. Exactly how much sleep correlates with school performance is hard to prove.
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So, Brown researchers set out to test whether teachers could detect problems with
attention and learning when children stayed up late - even if the teachers had no idea
how much sleep their students actually got.
D They recruited seventy-four 6- to 12-year-olds from Rhode Island and southern
Massachusetts for the three-week study. For one week, the youngsters went to bed and
woke up at their usual times. They already were fairly good sleepers, getting nine to 9.5
hours of sleep a night. Another week, they were assigned to spend no fewer than ten
hours in bed a night. The other week, they were kept up later than usual: First -and
second-graders were in bed no more than eight hours and the older children no more
than 6.5 hours. In addition to parents’ reports, the youngsters wore motion detecting
wrist monitors to ensure compliance.
E Teachers were not told how much the children slept or which week they stayed up
late, but rated the students on a variety of performance measures each week. The
teachers reported significantly more academic problems during the week of sleep
deprivation, the study, which will be published in the journal Sleep in December,
concluded. Students who got eight hours of sleep or less a night were more forgetful, had
the most trouble learning new lessons, and had the most problems paying attention,
reported Fallone, now at the Forest Institute of Professional Psychology.
F Sleep has long been a concern of educators. Potter-Burns Elementary School sends
notes to parents reminding them to make sure students get enough sleep prior to the
school’s yearly achievement testing. Another school considers it important enough to
include in the school’s monthly newsletters. Definitely, there is an impact on students’
performance if they come to school tired. However, the findings may change physician
practice, said Dr. Regina Benjamin, a family physician in Bayou La Batre, who reviewed
the data at the Thursday’s AMA meeting. “I don't ask about sleep” when evaluating
academically struggling students, she noted. “I’m going to start.”
G So how much sleep do kids need? Recommended amounts range from about ten to
eleven hours a night for young elementary students to 8.5 hours for teens. Fallone insists
that his own second-grader get ten hours a night, even when it meant dropping soccer -
season that practice did not start until 7:30 — too late for her to fit in dinner and time to
wind down before she needed to be snoozing. “It’s tough,” he acknowledged, but
“parents must believe in the importance of sleep."
Questions 1 – 4

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The reading passage has seven paragraphs A – G. Which paragraph contains each of the
following pieces of information?
1. Traffic accidents are sometimes caused by lack of sleep.
2. The number of children included in the study.
3. How two schools are trying to deal with the problem.
4. How the effect of having less sleep was measured.
Questions 5 – 8
Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text
for each gap.
5. Fallone is now studying the sleep patterns of children with _______________.
6. The researchers used _______________that show movement to check that children
went to bed at the right time.
7. Students with less sleep had problems with memory, remembering new material, and
_______________.
8. Fallone admitted that it was _______________ for children to get enough sleep.
Questions 9 – 10
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
9. The results of the study were first distributed to principals of American schools.
10. Fallone does not let his daughter play soccer.
WRITING (50 POINTS)
PART 1: (20 points)
The chart below shows the changes that took place in three different areas of crime
in Newport city centre from 2003-2012.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
You should write least 150 words. Write your answer in the space provided

The changing rates of crime in the inner city from 2003-2012

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PART 2: (30 points)
Write an essay of 250 words on the following topic:
Nowadays technology is increasingly being used to monitor what people are saying
and doing (for example, through cellphone tracking and security cameras). In many
cases, the people being monitored are unaware that this is happening.
Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
Write your answer in the space provided.

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