ELL302: Power Electronics

July-Nov 2024
Lec-21: 21th October 2024

Course Coordinator:
Amit Kumar Jain, Dept. Of Electrical Engg., IIT Delhi

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1245
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
A buck–boost regulator provides an output
voltage that may be less than or greater
than the input voltage. Hence the name
“buck–boost”;

The output voltage polarity is opposite to

that of the input voltage. This regulator is
also known as an inverting regulator.
V
The circuit arrangement of a buck–boost regulator is shown in Fig.

Transistor Q1 acts as aV controlled switch and diode Dm is an

uncontrolled switch.
They operate as two SPST current-bidirectional switches.

The above circuit is also represented by two switches as shown for

generality.

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1246
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
A buck–boost regulator provides an output
voltage that may be less than or greater
than the input voltage. Hence the name
“buck–boost”;

The output voltage polarity is opposite to

that of the input voltage. This regulator is
also known as an inverting regulator.
V
The circuit arrangement of a buck–boost regulator is shown in Fig.

Transistor Q1 acts as a controlled switch and diode Dm is an

uncontrolled switch.
They operate as two SPSTVcurrent-bidirectional switches.

The above circuit is also represented by two switches as shown for

generality.

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1247
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
A buck–boost regulator provides an output
voltage that may be less than or greater
than the input voltage. Hence the name
“buck–boost”;

The output voltage polarity is opposite to

that of the input voltage. This regulator is
also known as an inverting regulator.

The circuit arrangement of a buck–boost regulator is shown in Fig.

Transistor Q1 acts as a controlled switch and diode Dm is an

uncontrolled switch. V
They operate as two SPST current-bidirectional switches.
V
The above circuit is also represented by two switches as shown for
generality.

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1248
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
A buck–boost regulator provides an output
voltage that may be less than or greater
than the input voltage. Hence the name
“buck–boost”;

The output voltage polarity is opposite to

that of the input voltage. This regulator is
also known as an inverting regulator.

The circuit arrangement of a buck–boost regulator is shown in Fig.

Transistor Q1 acts as a controlled switch and diode Dm is an

uncontrolled switch. V
They operate as two SPST current-bidirectional switches.

The above circuit is also represented by two switches as shown for

generality. V

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1249
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
A buck–boost regulator provides an output
voltage that may be less than or greater
than the input voltage. Hence the name
“buck–boost”;

The output voltage polarity is opposite to

that of the input voltage. This regulator is
also known as an inverting regulator.

The circuit arrangement of a buck–boost regulator is shown in Fig.

Transistor Q1 acts as a controlled switch and diode Dm is an

uncontrolled switch.
They operate as two SPST current-bidirectional switches.

The above circuit is also represented by two switches as shown for

generality.

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1250
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
The circuit operation can be divided into two
modes.

During mode 1, transistor Q1 is turned on and

diode Dm is reversed biased.

The input current, which rises, flows through

V
inductor L and transistor Q1.

During mode 2, transistor Q1 is switched off.

The current, which was flowing through inductor L, would flow

through L, C, Dm, and the load. V

The energy stored in inductor L would be transferred to the load

and the inductor current would fall until transistor Q1 is switched on
again in the next cycle.
Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1251
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
The circuit operation can be divided into two
modes.

During mode 1, transistor Q1 is turned on

and diode Dm is reversed biased.

The input current, which rises, flows through

inductor L and transistor Q1.
V

During mode 2, transistor Q1 is switched off.

The current, which was flowing through inductor L, would flow

through L, C, Dm, and the load. V

The energy stored in inductor L would be transferred to the load

and the inductor current would fall until transistor Q1 is switched on
again in the next cycle.
Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1252
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
The circuit operation can be divided into two
modes.

During mode 1, transistor Q1 is turned on

and diode Dm is reversed biased.

The input current, which rises, flows through

inductor L and transistor Q1.

V
During mode 2, transistor Q1 is switched off.

The current, which was flowing through inductor L, would flow

through L, C, Dm, and the load. V

The energy stored in inductor L would be transferred to the load

and the inductor current would fall until transistor Q1 is switched on
again in the next cycle.
Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1253
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
The circuit operation can be divided into two
modes.

During mode 1, transistor Q1 is turned on

and diode Dm is reversed biased.

The input current, which rises, flows through

inductor L and transistor Q1.

During mode 2, transistor Q1 is switched off.

The current, which was flowing through inductor L, would flow

through L, C, Dm, and the load.
V
The energy stored in inductor L would be transferred to the load
and the inductor current would fall until transistor Q1 is switched on
again in the next cycle.
Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1254
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
The circuit operation can be divided into two
modes.

During mode 1, transistor Q1 is turned on

and diode Dm is reversed biased.

The input current, which rises, flows through

inductor L and transistor Q1.

During mode 2, transistor Q1 is switched off.

The current, which was flowing through inductor L, would flow

through L, C, Dm, and the load.

The energy stored in inductor L would be transferred to the load

and the inductor current would fall
V until transistor Q1 is switched on
again in the next cycle.
Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1255
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
The circuit operation can be divided into two
modes.

During mode 1, transistor Q1 is turned on

and diode Dm is reversed biased.

The input current, which rises, flows through

inductor L and transistor Q1.

During mode 2, transistor Q1 is switched off.

The current, which was flowing through inductor L, would flow

through L, C, Dm, and the load.

The energy stored in inductor L would be transferred to the load

and the inductor current would fall until transistor Q1 is switched
on again in the next cycle.
Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1256
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
The equivalent circuits for the modes are the following

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1257
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
The equivalent circuits for the modes are the following

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1258
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
The equivalent circuits for the modes are the following

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1259
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
The waveforms for steady state voltages and currents of the buck–
boost regulator are shown in Fig. for a continuous load current.

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1260
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
The waveforms for steady state voltages and currents of the buck–
boost regulator are shown in Fig. for a continuous load current.

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1261
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
The waveforms for steady state voltages and currents of the buck–
boost regulator are shown in Fig. for a continuous load current.

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1262
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
The waveforms for steady state voltages and currents of the buck–
boost regulator are shown in Fig. for a continuous load current.

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1263
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
The waveforms for steady state voltages and currents of the buck–
boost regulator are shown in Fig. for a continuous load current.

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1264
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators
The waveforms for steady state voltages and currents of the buck–
boost regulator are shown in Fig. for a continuous load current.

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1265
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

The inductor current rises linearly from I1 to I2 in time t1

The inductor current falls linearly from I2 to I1 in time t2

V

∆I = I2 - I1 is the peak-to-peak ripple current of inductor L

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1266
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

The inductor current rises linearly from I1 to I2 in time t1

The inductor current falls linearly from I2 to I1 in time t2

∆I = I2 - I1 is the peak-to-peak ripple current of inductor L

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1267
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

The inductor current rises linearly from I1 to I2 in time t1

The inductor current falls linearly from I2 to I1 in time t2

V
∆I = I2 - I1 is the peak-to-peak ripple current of inductor L

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1268
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

The inductor current rises linearly from I1 to I2 in time t1

The inductor current falls linearly from I2 to I1 in time t2

∆I = I2 - I1 is the peak-to-peak ripple

V current of inductor L
Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1269
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

The inductor current rises linearly from I1 to I2 in time t1

The inductor current falls linearly from I2 to I1 in time t2

∆I = I2 - I1 is the peak-to-peak ripple current of inductor L

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1270
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Therefore, Equating ∆I, and Substituting t1 = kT and t2 = (1 – k)T

The average output voltage is

V I = V I k/(1 – k)
Assuming a lossless circuit, VsIs = -Vaa sa

The average input current is V

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1271
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Therefore, Equating ∆I, and Substituting t1 = kT and t2 = (1 – k)T

The average output voltage is

Assuming a lossless circuit, VsIs = -VaIa = VsIak/(1 – k)

V
The average input current is V
Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1272
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Therefore, Equating ∆I, and Substituting t1 = kT and t2 = (1 – k)T

The average output voltage is

Assuming a lossless circuit, VsIs = -VaIa = VsIak/(1 – k)

The average input current is V

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1273
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Therefore, Equating ∆I, and Substituting t1 = kT and t2 = (1 – k)T

The average output voltage is

Assuming a lossless circuit, VsIs = -VaIa = VsIak/(1 – k)

The average input current is

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1274
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Volt Sec Balance

The average voltage across inductor is zero

V

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1275
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Volt Sec Balance

The average voltage across inductor is zero

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1276
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Gain Ratio plot wrt duty ratio

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1277
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Gain Ratio plot wrt duty ratio

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1278
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Peak-to-peak inductor ripple current

The switching period T

The peak-to-peak ripple current

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1279
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Peak-to-peak inductor ripple current

The switching period T

The peak-to-peak ripple current

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1280
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Peak-to-peak inductor ripple current

The switching period T

The peak-to-peak ripple current

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1281
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Peak-to-peak inductor ripple current

The switching period T

The peak-to-peak ripple current

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1282
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Peak-to-peak inductor ripple current

Since, IL Toff = Ia Ts

The average inductor current wrt to average output current

V
Since, IL Ton = Is Ts
The average inductor current wrt to average input current
Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1283
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Peak-to-peak inductor ripple current

Since, IL Toff = Ia Ts

The average inductor current wrt to average output current

Since, IL Ton = Is Ts
V
The average inductor current wrt to average input current
Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1284
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Peak-to-peak inductor ripple current

Since, IL Toff = Ia Ts

The average inductor current wrt to average output current

Since, IL Ton = Is Ts
V
The average inductor current wrt toVaverage input current
Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1285
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Peak-to-peak inductor ripple current

Since, IL Toff = Ia Ts

The average inductor current wrt to average output current

Since, IL Ton = Is Ts
The average inductor current wrt to average input current
Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1286
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

% age Peak-to-peak inductor ripple current

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1287
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

% age Peak-to-peak inductor ripple current

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1288
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

% age Peak-to-peak inductor ripple current

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1289
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

% age Peak-to-peak inductor ripple current

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1290
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

% age Peak-to-peak inductor ripple current

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1291
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Peak-to-peak capacitor ripple voltage

When transistor Q1 is ON, the filter capacitor supplies the load current for t
= t1. The average discharging current of the capacitor is Ic = -Ia

The peak-to-peak ripple voltage of the capacitor is

V

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1292
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Peak-to-peak capacitor ripple voltage

When transistor Q1 is ON, the filter capacitor supplies the load current for
t = t1. The average discharging current of the capacitor is Ic = -Ia

The peak-to-peak ripple voltage of the capacitor is

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1293
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Peak-to-peak capacitor ripple voltage

When transistor Q1 is ON, the filter capacitor supplies the load current for
t = t1. The average discharging current of the capacitor is Ic = -Ia

The peak-to-peak ripple voltage of the capacitor is

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1294
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Peak-to-peak capacitor ripple voltage

When transistor Q1 is ON, the filter capacitor supplies the load current for
t = t1. The average discharging current of the capacitor is Ic = -Ia

The peak-to-peak ripple voltage of the capacitor is

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1295
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

% age Peak-to-peak capacitor ripple voltage

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1296
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

% age Peak-to-peak capacitor ripple voltage

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1297
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

% age Peak-to-peak capacitor ripple voltage

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1298
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Condition for continuous inductor current and capacitor voltage

If IL is the average inductor current, at the critical condition for continuous

conduction the inductor ripple current ∆I = 2IL

V
The critical value of the inductor Lc as

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1299
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Condition for continuous inductor current and capacitor voltage

If IL is the average inductor current, at the critical condition for continuous

conduction the inductor ripple current ∆I = 2IL

The critical value of the inductor Lc as

V

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1300
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Condition for continuous inductor current and capacitor voltage

If IL is the average inductor current, at the critical condition for continuous

conduction the inductor ripple current ∆I = 2IL

The critical value of the inductor Lc as

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1301
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Condition for continuous inductor current and capacitor voltage

If IL is the average inductor current, at the critical condition for continuous

conduction the inductor ripple current ∆I = 2IL

The critical value of the inductor Lc as

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1302
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Condition for continuous inductor current and capacitor voltage

If Vc is the average capacitor voltage, at the critical condition for

continuous conduction the capacitor ripple voltage ∆Vc = -2Va

The critical value of the capacitor Cc as

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1303
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck-Boost Regulators

Condition for continuous inductor current and capacitor voltage

If Vc is the average capacitor voltage, at the critical condition for

continuous conduction the capacitor ripple voltage ∆Vc = -2Va

The critical value of the capacitor Cc as

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1304
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck- Boost Regulators

Example: The buck–boost regulator in Fig has an input
voltage of Vs = 12V. The duty cycle k = 0.25 and the
switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L = 150 μH
and filter capacitance C = 220 μF. The average load
current Ia = 1.25A. Determine
(a) The average output voltage, Va
(b) The peak-to-peak output voltage ripple, ∆Vc
(c) The peak-to-peak ripple current of inductor, ∆I
(d) The peak current of the transistor, Ip
(e) The critical values of L and C

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1305
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck- Boost Regulators

Example: The buck–boost regulator in Fig has an input
voltage of Vs = 12V. The duty cycle k = 0.25 and the
switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L = 150 μH
and filter capacitance C = 220 μF. The average load
current Ia = 1.25A. Determine
(a) The average output voltage, Va
(b) The peak-to-peak output voltage ripple, ∆Vc
(c) The peak-to-peak ripple current of inductor, ∆I
(d) The peak current of the transistor, Ip
(e) The critical values of L and C

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1306
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck- Boost Regulators

Example: The buck–boost regulator in Fig has an input
voltage of Vs = 12V. The duty cycle k = 0.25 and the
switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L = 150 μH
and filter capacitance C = 220 μF. The average load
current Ia = 1.25A. Determine
(a) The average output voltage, Va

Given

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1307
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck- Boost Regulators

Example: The buck–boost regulator in Fig has an input
voltage of Vs = 12V. The duty cycle k = 0.25 and the
switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L = 150 μH
and filter capacitance C = 220 μF. The average load
current Ia = 1.25A. Determine
(a) The average output voltage, Va

Given

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1308
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck- Boost Regulators

Example: The buck–boost regulator in Fig has an input
voltage of Vs = 12V. The duty cycle k = 0.25 and the
switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L = 150 μH
and filter capacitance C = 220 μF. The average load
current Ia = 1.25A. Determine
(b) The peak-to-peak output voltage ripple, ∆Vc

Given

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1309
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck- Boost Regulators

Example: The buck–boost regulator in Fig has an input
voltage of Vs = 12V. The duty cycle k = 0.25 and the
switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L = 150 μH
and filter capacitance C = 220 μF. The average load
current Ia = 1.25A. Determine
(b) The peak-to-peak output voltage ripple, ∆Vc

Given

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1310
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck- Boost Regulators

Example: The buck–boost regulator in Fig has an input
voltage of Vs = 12V. The duty cycle k = 0.25 and the
switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L = 150 μH
and filter capacitance C = 220 μF. The average load
current Ia = 1.25A. Determine
(c) The peak-to-peak ripple current of inductor, ∆I

Given

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1311
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck- Boost Regulators

Example: The buck–boost regulator in Fig has an input
voltage of Vs = 12V. The duty cycle k = 0.25 and the
switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L = 150 μH
and filter capacitance C = 220 μF. The average load
current Ia = 1.25A. Determine
(c) The peak-to-peak ripple current of inductor, ∆I

Given

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1312
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck- Boost Regulators

Example: The buck–boost regulator in Fig has an input
voltage of Vs = 12V. The duty cycle k = 0.25 and the
switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L = 150 μH
and filter capacitance C = 220 μF. The average load
current Ia = 1.25A. Determine
(d) The peak current of the transistor, Ip

Given

V
Another direct method

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1313
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck- Boost Regulators

Example: The buck–boost regulator in Fig has an input
voltage of Vs = 12V. The duty cycle k = 0.25 and the
switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L = 150 μH
and filter capacitance C = 220 μF. The average load
current Ia = 1.25A. Determine
(d) The peak current of the transistor, Ip

Given

Another direct method V

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1314
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck- Boost Regulators

Example: The buck–boost regulator in Fig has an input
voltage of Vs = 12V. The duty cycle k = 0.25 and the
switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L = 150 μH
and filter capacitance C = 220 μF. The average load
current Ia = 1.25A. Determine
(d) The peak current of the transistor, Ip

Given

Another direct method

V

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1315
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck- Boost Regulators

Example: The buck–boost regulator in Fig has an input
voltage of Vs = 12V. The duty cycle k = 0.25 and the
switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L = 150 μH
and filter capacitance C = 220 μF. The average load
current Ia = 1.25A. Determine
(d) The peak current of the transistor, Ip

Given

Another direct method

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1316
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck- Boost Regulators

Example: The buck–boost regulator in Fig has an input
voltage of Vs = 12V. The duty cycle k = 0.25 and the
switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L = 150 μH
and filter capacitance C = 220 μF. The average load
current Ia = 1.25A. Determine
(e) The critical values of L and C

Given

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1317
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck- Boost Regulators

Example: The buck–boost regulator in Fig has an input
voltage of Vs = 12V. The duty cycle k = 0.25 and the
switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L = 150 μH
and filter capacitance C = 220 μF. The average load
current Ia = 1.25A. Determine
(e) The critical values of L and C

Given

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1318
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck- Boost Regulators

Example: The buck–boost regulator in Fig has an input
voltage of Vs = 12V. The duty cycle k = 0.25 and the
switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L = 150 μH
and filter capacitance C = 220 μF. The average load
current Ia = 1.25A. Determine
(e) The critical values of L and C

Given

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1319
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Buck- Boost Regulators

Example: The buck–boost regulator in Fig has an input
voltage of Vs = 12V. The duty cycle k = 0.25 and the
switching frequency is 25 kHz. The inductance L = 150 μH
and filter capacitance C = 220 μF. The average load
current Ia = 1.25A. Determine
(e) The critical values of L and C

Given

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1320
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Multioutput Boost Converter

A single inductor dual-output (SIDO) boost converter
topology is shown in Fig.

The two outputs Voa and Vob share the inductor L and
the switch SI V
Fig shows the timing of the converter

V
V

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1321
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Multioutput Boost Converter

A single inductor dual-output (SIDO) boost converter
topology is shown in Fig.

The two outputs Voa and Vob share the inductor L and
the switch SI

Fig shows the timing of the

V converter

V
V

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1322
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Multioutput Boost Converter

A single inductor dual-output (SIDO) boost converter
topology is shown in Fig.

The two outputs Voa and Vob share the inductor L and
the switch SI

Fig shows the timing of the converter

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1323
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Multioutput Boost Converter

It works with two complementary phases φa and φb

During φa = 1, Sb is opened and no current flows into Vob,

whereas SI is closed first.

The inductor current IL increases until the time k1aT expires

(determined by the output of anV error amplifier), where T is the
switching period of the converter.
During the time k2aT, SI is opened and Sa is closed to divert the
inductor current into the output Voa.

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1324
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Multioutput Boost Converter

It works with two complementary phases φa and φb

During φa = 1, Sb is opened and no current flows into Vob

whereas SI is closed first.

The inductor current IL increases until the time k1aT expires

(determined by the output of anV error amplifier), where T is the
switching period of the converter.

During the time k2aT, SI is opened and Sa is closed to divert the

inductor current into the output Voa.
Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1325
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Multioutput Boost Converter

It works with two complementary phases φa and φb

During φa = 1, Sb is opened and no current flows into Vob

SI is closed first. The inductor current IL increases until the time

k1aT expires (determined by the output of an error amplifier),
where T is the switching period of the converter.
During the time k2aT, SI is opened and Sa is closed to divert the
inductor current into the outputVVoa.

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1326
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Multioutput Boost Converter

It works with two complementary phases φa and φb

During φa = 1, Sb is opened and no current flows into Vob

SI is closed first. The inductor current IL increases until the time

k1aT expires (determined by the output of an error amplifier),
where T is the switching period of the converter.
During the time k2aT, SI is opened and Sa is closed to divert the
inductor current into the output Voa.

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1327
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Multioutput Boost Converter

A zero current detector senses the inductor current, and when

it goes to zero, the converter enters the time k3aT, and Sa is
opened again. The inductor current stays at zero until φb = 1.

Thus, k1a, k2a, and k3a must satisfy the requirements that

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1328
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Multioutput Boost Converter

A zero current detector senses the inductor current, and when

it goes to zero, the converter enters the time k3aT, and Sa is
opened again. The inductor current stays at zero until φb = 1.

Thus, k1a, k2a, and k3a must satisfy the requirements that

Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1329
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Multioutput Boost Converter

During φa = 1, the controller multiplexes the inductor current

into the output Voa during φa = 1.

Similarly, the controller multiplexes the inductor current into the

output Vob during φb = 1.

The controller regulates the two

V outputs, alternately. Due to the
presence of k3aT and k3bT, the converter operates into the
discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), essentially isolating the
control of the two outputs such that load variation in one
output does not affect the other.
Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1330
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Multioutput Boost Converter

During φa = 1, the controller multiplexes the inductor current

into the output Voa during φa = 1.

Similarly, the controller multiplexes the inductor current into

the output Vob during φb = 1.

The controller regulates the two outputs, alternately. Due to the

presence of k3aT and k3bT, the converter operates into the
discontinuous conduction mode V (DCM), essentially isolating the
control of the two outputs such that load variation in one
output does not affect the other.
Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1331
 Ref Book: M. H. Rashid

Multioutput Boost Converter

During φa = 1, the controller multiplexes the inductor current

into the output Voa during φa = 1.

Similarly, the controller multiplexes the inductor current into

the output Vob during φb = 1.

The controller regulates the two outputs, alternately. Due to

the presence of k3aT and k3bT, the converter operates into the
discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), essentially isolating
the control of the two outputs such that load variation in one
output does not affect the other.
Amit Kumar Jain, EE Dept., IIT Delhi 2024, ELL302, Chapter-5 1332