Models of Software
Development Life
Cycle (SDLC)
• The Software Development Life Cycle
(SDLC) is a structured process for
creating and maintaining software. Over
the years, different SDLC models have
emerged, each with its own unique
approach.
• This presentation will explore the most
popular models, including the Waterfall
Model, Agile Model, Prototyping Model,
End-User Model, Spiral Model, and
Incremental Model.
• We'll also delve into the strengths and
weaknesses of each model, as well as the
latest trends in software development.
Waterfall Model
Overview
• The Waterfall model is a straightforward approach
to software development where each step is
completed before moving to the next. This method is
organized and well-documented, making it suitable for
projects with clear goals and limited changes.
Key Phases
• The Waterfall model has five main phases: defining
requirements, creating a design, building the software,
testing it, and maintaining it. Each phase must be
finished before the next one starts, creating a step-by-
step process.
Strengths and Weaknesses
• The Waterfall model's advantages include its
simplicity, clear documentation, and its effectiveness
for projects with stable requirements. However, it
lacks flexibility and can struggle to adapt to changes,
making it less suitable for projects with evolving
needs.
Agile Model
Planning
The Agile model emphasizes iterative,
Review and Iteration
incremental development, where the At the end of each sprint, the team
project is divided into smaller, reviews the completed work, gathers
manageable sprints. The team feedback, and plans the next iteration.
collaborates to plan and prioritize the This cycle of planning, development, and
work for each sprint. review continues throughout the
project.
1 2 3
Development
During the development phase, the team
works together to design, implement,
and test the software in a series of short,
focused iterations. This allows for rapid
feedback and adaptability.
Prototyping Model
Quick Iteration Risk Mitigation
The Prototyping model focuses on By creating and evaluating prototypes,
rapidly developing and testing the Prototyping model helps mitigate
prototypes to gather feedback and risks early in the development process,
refine the software's features. This reducing the likelihood of costly
iterative approach allows for quick changes or delays later on.
modifications and improvements.
User-Centered Design Flexibility
The Prototyping model places a strong The Prototyping model's iterative
emphasis on user feedback, ensuring nature allows for greater flexibility,
the software meets their needs and enabling teams to adapt to changing
expectations. This user-centric requirements or market conditions
approach is crucial for developing throughout the development process.
intuitive and engaging applications.
End-User Model
1 User Involvement 2 Continuous Feedback
The End-User model actively End-users provide continuous
involves the end-users throughout feedback, allowing the
the development process, development team to adjust and
ensuring their needs and feedback improvements to the software in
are incorporated into the final real-time.
product.
3 Iterative Development 4 Increased Adoption
The End-User model follows an By actively involving end-users,
iterative approach, with the the model ensures the final
development team working product meets their needs and
closely with end-users to refine expectations, leading to higher
and enhance the software over user adoption and satisfaction.
multiple cycles.
Spiral Model
Risk-Driven
The Spiral model focuses on managing risks throughout the project. This
involves identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential risks at each stage of
development. This proactive approach helps minimize unexpected challenges
and ensures a more predictable project outcome.
Iterative Development
The model works in cycles, allowing for continuous improvement. Each cycle
involves planning, development, testing, and evaluation. This iterative
approach enables the team to refine the software based on feedback and
insights gained throughout the project.
Adaptability
This model is flexible and can adapt to changes. The iterative nature of the
Spiral model allows for adjustments to be made based on evolving
requirements or market trends. This flexibility is crucial for projects with
uncertain or changing needs.
Incremental Model
1 Initial Release
The Incremental model starts with a basic, functional version of the
software, which is then built upon in subsequent releases.
2 Iterative Improvements
Each new release adds additional features and enhancements,
based on user feedback and evolving requirements, until the final
product is achieved.
3 Continuous Delivery
The Incremental model allows for frequent, smaller software
releases, enabling the team to deliver value to users quickly and
adapt to changing needs.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages Considerations
• Improved risk management • Potential for scope creep The choice of SDLC model should be
• Increased customer satisfaction • Difficulty in estimating costs and based on the specific needs of the
timelines project, the team's expertise, and the
• Better alignment with business goals
organization's culture and processes.
• Faster time-to-market • Increased complexity in project
Understanding the advantages and
management
• Higher software quality disadvantages of each model is crucial
• Potential for communication
for selecting the most appropriate
breakdowns
approach.
• Challenges in maintaining
documentation
Emerging Trends
AI-Driven Development Cloud-Native DevOps Practices Low-Code/No-Code
Approaches
The convergence of The emergence of low-code
The integration of artificial The rise of cloud computing development and operations and no-code platforms is
intelligence and machine and containerization is driving (DevOps) is fostering a culture empowering non-technical
learning into the SDLC is the adoption of cloud-native of collaboration, automation, users to participate in the
transforming how software is development practices, and continuous integration software development
developed, enabling intelligent allowing for greater scalability, and deployment, leading to process, accelerating time-to-
automation, predictive flexibility, and cost- faster software delivery and market and increasing agility.
analytics, and enhanced effectiveness. improved quality.
decision-making.
Conclusion
Software development has changed a lot
over time. Different models have emerged
to meet the needs of the industry. From
the Waterfall model's linear approach to
the iterative Agile and Prototyping
models, each approach has its own
advantages. These methods are used to
create software that meets specific
project needs. The field is constantly
evolving, with new technologies like AI,
cloud computing, and DevOps impacting
how software is built. These
advancements allow teams to create
better applications more quickly and
effectively.
