Main Roads Supplement to the

Austroads Guide to Traffic

Management

Part 10: Transport Control – Types of

Devices

Printed copies are uncontrolled unless marked otherwise. D19#957163

October 2023
Main Roads Supplement to AGTM : Part 10 – Transport Control – Types of Devices October 2023

Contents
PURPOSE ...................................................................................................................................... 5
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 5
2 TRAFFIC CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION DEVICES AND THE SAFE SYSTEM ......... 5
3 STANDARDS AND ROAD RULES RELATING TO TRANSPORT CONTROL DEVICES..... 5
3.1 Australian / New Zealand Standards ...................................................................................... 5
3.2 Road Rules and Traffic Control Devices ................................................................................ 5
4 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION........................................................................................ 5
5 SIGNING AND MARKING SCHEMES................................................................................... 6
5.5 Route Plans for Direction Signs ............................................................................................. 6
5.6 Route Planning and Directional Wayfinding Signage for Bicyclists ......................................... 6
5.10 Signs and Markings for Local Area Traffic Management ........................................................ 6
5.11 Signs and Markings for Roadworks and Temporary Situations .............................................. 6
6 TRAFFIC SIGNS ................................................................................................................... 6
6.1 Development of New Signs .................................................................................................... 6
6.3 Design of Sign Faces ............................................................................................................. 6
6.4 Sign Materials and Illumination .............................................................................................. 7
6.4.1 Retroreflective Materials ............................................................................................. 7
6.5 Location and Placement of Signs ........................................................................................... 7
6.5.1 Lateral Placement and Height .................................................................................... 7
7 ELECTRONIC SIGNS ........................................................................................................... 7
7.1 Variable Message Signs ........................................................................................................ 7
7.7 Electronic Speed Limit Signs ................................................................................................. 7
7.7.1 Motorways .................................................................................................................. 7
8 PAVEMENT MARKINGS....................................................................................................... 7
8.2 Colour and Reflectorisation .................................................................................................... 7
8.2.1 Colour......................................................................................................................... 7
8.3 Linemarking Materials ............................................................................................................ 8
8.3.1 Types of Longitudinal Lines ........................................................................................ 8
8.3.3 Barrier Lines ............................................................................................................... 9
8.3.7 Edge Lines ................................................................................................................. 9
8.5 Other Markings ...................................................................................................................... 9
8.5.5 Messages on Pavements ........................................................................................... 9
8.7 Raised Pavement Markers ..................................................................................................... 9
8.8 Rumble Strips ........................................................................................................................ 9
8.8.2 Use of Rumble Strips.................................................................................................. 9
8.8.3 Tactile Ground Surface Indicators .............................................................................. 9
9 GUIDE POSTS AND DELINEATORS ................................................................................... 9
10 TRAFFIC SIGNALS............................................................................................................. 10

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10.2 Signal Face Layouts ............................................................................................................ 10

10.2.1 Vehicle Signal Face Layouts .................................................................................... 10
10.3 Display Sequences .............................................................................................................. 10
10.3.6 Pedestrian Signals.................................................................................................... 10
10.4 Location of Signal Faces ...................................................................................................... 10
10.4.3 Signal Face Site Requirements ................................................................................ 10
10.4.4 Positioning of Signal Equipment ............................................................................... 10
10.4.6 Lantern Mounting Heights......................................................................................... 10
10.4.8 Lantern Aiming ......................................................................................................... 10
10.4.10 Other Street Furniture .......................................................................................... 10
10.4.11 Visors ................................................................................................................... 10
10.4.12 Louvres ................................................................................................................ 10
10.5 Special Uses ........................................................................................................................ 11
10.5.1 Advance Warning Signals......................................................................................... 11
10.5.2 Railway Level Crossings .......................................................................................... 11
10.5.6 Roundabout Metering Signals .................................................................................. 11
10.6 Ramp Metering Signals ........................................................................................................ 11
10.7 Pavement Marking at Signals .............................................................................................. 11
10.8 Signs Used with Traffic Signals ............................................................................................ 11
10.8.2 Signs at Signal Installations ...................................................................................... 11
10.9 Red Light Infringement Cameras ......................................................................................... 12
11 TRAFFIC ISLANDS ............................................................................................................. 12
11.1 Flush Medians and Islands .................................................................................................. 12
11.1.2 Wide Centre Line Treatments ................................................................................... 12
12 COMMUNICATION DEVICES ............................................................................................. 12
APPENDIX A ROUTE PLANNING AND DIRECTIONAL AND WAYFINDING SIGNAGE FOR
BICYCLISTS ....................................................................................................................... 12
APPENDIX B OPERATIONAL GUIDLINE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SIGHT
DISTANCE TO DIRECTION SIGNS .................................................................................... 13
APPENDIX C ABBREVIATIONS FOR USE ON VMS ............................................................ 13
APPENDIX D VMS MESSAGE STATEMENTS ...................................................................... 13
APPENDIX E GENERIC MESSAGE SET ............................................................................... 13
COMMENTARY 1 – 3 ................................................................................................................... 13

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Main Roads Supplement to AGTM : Part 10 – Transport Control – Types of Devices October 2023

Document Control
Owner Manager Road & Traffic Engineering

Custodian Traffic Engineering Standards Manager

D19#957163
Document Number
D23#926225 (PDF Version)

Issue Date October 2023

Review Frequency 5 years

Amendments
Revision Section /
Revision Date Description of Key Changes
Number Page No.

0 October 2023 Document Approved All

Clause 10.2.1 reference and link provided to Vehicular Page 10

Signals Guideline.
Clause 10.3.6 – Signal face layout & Pedestrian Page 10
countdown timers – Information removed & reference
and link provided to Vehicular Signals Guideline.
Clause 10.4.3 – Overhead signal warrants – Information Page 11
1 April 2024 removed & reference and link provided to Vehicular
Signals Guideline.
Clause 10.4.10 – Information removed & reference and Page 12
link provided to Vehicular Signals Guideline.
Clause 10.8.2 – Signs to control turning movements – Page 13
Information removed & reference and link provided to
Vehicular Signals Guideline.

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Main Roads Supplement to AGTM : Part 10 – Transport Control – Types of Devices October 2023

PURPOSE
The purpose of this document is to detail Main Roads' approach to traffic control and communication
devices so that they are designed and applied consistently and appropriately throughout Western
Australia.
This Supplement has been developed to be read in conjunction with the Austroads Guide to Traffic
Management (AGTM) Part 10: Transport Control – Types of Devices (2020), a copy of which can be
obtained via the Austroads website.
In Western Australia, Main Roads’ policies, guidelines and standards take precedence over Austroads
Guides and Standards Australia Standards. National Guides and Standards take precedence over
International Guides and Standards, unless specifically stated otherwise.
This Supplement has the same structure as the equivalent Austroads Guide and only additional
requirements, clarifications, or practices different from Austroads appear. Where appropriate, this
Supplement may also contain additional sections and figures not covered by Austroads, but the
numbering sequence found in the Austroads Guide remains. Figures and tables in this Supplement
replace those with the same figure or table number in the equivalent Austroads Guide.
Where a reference has been made to a particular Main Roads WA document or drawing within this
supplement, the reference provided can be used in the search facility on the Main Roads WA website
to locate the current version.

1 INTRODUCTION
Main Roads has no supplementary comments for this section.

2 TRAFFIC CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION DEVICES AND

THE SAFE SYSTEM
Main Roads has no supplementary comments for this section.

3 STANDARDS AND ROAD RULES RELATING TO

TRANSPORT CONTROL DEVICES
3.1 Australian / New Zealand Standards
Main Roads WA Signs Index provides a supplement to those signs contained in AS1742 - Manual of
Uniform Traffic Control devices: Parts 1 to 15 (excluding Part 8). As a general rule, these Main Roads
signs take precedence over similar Australian Standard signs and in addition should only be used
where there is no suitable sign contained in AS 1742 for the particular circumstances to be signed,
or where Main Roads practice differs from that contained in AS 1742.

3.2 Road Rules and Traffic Control Devices

In Western Australia, the applicable version of the Australian Road Rules is the Road Traffic Code
2000, which is part of the Road Traffic Act 1974.

4 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION

Main Roads has no supplementary comments for this section.

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5 SIGNING AND MARKING SCHEMES

5.5 Route Plans for Direction Signs
The Main Roads WA “Guideline for Direction Signs in the Perth Metropolitan Area” provides
supplementary information to AS 1742.15 by providing more detailed information on the types of
direction signs and the selection of routes and destination names that are used by Main Roads in
the Perth metropolitan area.

5.6 Route Planning and Directional Wayfinding Signage for Bicyclists

The Department of Transport is developing a suite of guidelines to assist practitioners to plan and
design for bike riding in Western Australia. The Department of Transport cycling page should be
referenced to access current guidance for the development of cycling infrastructure/facilities.
Bicycle directional signs will be provided along routes that have been identified in the Perth Bicycle
Network Plan as Principal Shared Paths (PSP). Main Roads WA “Bicycle Directional Signs” policy and
guideline, specifically Part B: Application and Approval Guideline, specify a series of principles on
which the design and provision of bicycle directional signs are to be based.
Main Roads WA “Bicycle Directional Signs” policy and guideline, specifically Part C: Technical
Guideline - Bicycle Directional Signs, details the type of information required on the sign face of
bicycle directional signs and provides details of the sign face layout in order to accommodate all the
information.

5.10 Signs and Markings for Local Area Traffic Management

Refer to the document Main Roads Supplement to the Austroads Guide to Traffic Management Part
8: Local Street Management for details on signs and pavement markings requirements for local area
traffic management devices in WA.

5.11 Signs and Markings for Roadworks and Temporary Situations

Main Roads have developed the document “Traffic Management for Works on Roads Code of
Practice” (herein after referred to as the ‘Code’), which describes Main Roads requirements for
managing traffic at work sites on roads, and the Austroads Guide to Temporary Traffic Management,.

6 TRAFFIC SIGNS
6.1 Development of New Signs
In terms of the Main Roads Delegation of Authority, the design of a traffic sign not currently listed
in AS1742 or the Main Roads Signs Index shall be approved by the Manager Road and Traffic
Engineering. In the first instance, the development of a new sign should be discussed with the Traffic
Engineering Standards Manager in the Road & Traffic Engineering Branch.

6.3 Design of Sign Faces

The Main Roads WA “Guideline for Direction Signs in the Perth Metropolitan Area” and “Directional
Signs – Sign Face Layout Design Guidelines”, provides supplementary information to AS 1742.15 and
Sections 5 to 8 of AS 1743 provide detailed design information that is applicable to direction signs
in the West Australian context.

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6.4 Sign Materials and Illumination

6.4.1 Retroreflective Materials
Main Roads WA Guideline “Sign Standards” describes standards for the colour and retro reflectivity
materials to be used on the face of the sign, the size of the sign to be selected, and requirements
with regards to the use of graffiti protection on sign faces.

6.5 Location and Placement of Signs

6.5.1 Lateral Placement and Height
Main Roads WA drawing 9548-0106 provides location details for one post signs.
Main Roads WA drawing 8720-0762 provides location details for two and three post signs.
Main Roads WA drawing 9648-0176 provides fixing and installation details for single hazard markers.

7 ELECTRONIC SIGNS
7.1 Variable Message Signs
VMS are a primary means of communication between the Main Roads Traffic Operation Centre (TOC)
and the driver. They provide an effective tool to manage traffic in response to incident management,
special events and construction and maintenance activities. Main Roads WA “Guidelines for Variable
Message Signs” provides guidelines for the design and use of variable message signs for traveller
information for safe and efficient travel for road users.

7.7 Electronic Speed Limit Signs

Main Roads WA “Speed Zoning Policy and Application Guidelines” provides guidance on the use of
electronic speed limit signs in Western Australia.

7.7.1 Motorways
For Variable Speed Limit signs used on freeways, refer to the Main Roads WA “Smart Freeways
Supplement to Victoria’s Managed Freeways Handbook for Lane Use Management and Variable
Speed Limits”.

8 PAVEMENT MARKINGS
Main Roads has developed numerous pavement marking drawings, which are available on the
website under the Standard Contract Drawing or Guideline Drawings categories.

8.2 Colour and Reflectorisation

8.2.1 Colour
Main Roads’ pavement markings on roads use predominantly white or yellow road marking
materials, including the application of surface applied glass beads to provide retro reflectivity.
Generally, the following are the permissible colours for pavement markings in Western Australia:
White Markings
White markings are used generally for all longitudinal lines, transverse lines and other markings (e.g.
numerals, letters, arrows, chevrons etc.).

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Yellow Markings
Yellow markings are used in the following applications:
• Longitudinal bus lanes.
• Bus embayments and on road bus stops - a broken yellow line is used to mark a bus zone
(bus pick up and set down area).
• Railway level crossings – yellow cross hatch markings.
• 40 km/h school zone speed patches consisting of a yellow rectangular background with black
numerals.
• “Keep Clear” diagonal markings on shared paths (red or black asphalt) to demark crossovers.
• Signalised intersection “Box Junction” markings.
• Taxi stands and Loading Zones.
• Indication of no stopping areas on local roads.

Green Markings
Green markings and coloured surfacing are used in the following applications:
• Advance stop line markings for bicycles, or head start markings (strictly speaking these are
“coloured surfaces” rather than coloured pavement markings and are not reflectorized).
• On cycle lanes adjacent to left turn pockets on high speed and high volume roads.
• On concrete shared paths that would normally have white or yellow lines, but would not be
easily visible if these colours were used.

Red Markings
Red markings are used in the following applications:
• All bus lanes (Strictly speaking these are “coloured surfaces” rather than coloured pavement
markings and are not reflectorized).
• Corner treatments on heavy vehicle combination routes, or heavy vehicle aprons.

Blue Markings
Blue markings are used in the following application:
• To demarcate parking areas reserved for people with disabilities.
• To provide an entry statement to safe active streets.

8.3 Linemarking Materials

8.3.1 Types of Longitudinal Lines
Main Roads WA drawing 9931-0198 provides details for line types used in Western Australia, refer
to Main Roads WA website.
Main Roads WA provides details for the use of audio-tactile centre line marking (ATCL), drawing
numbers 202031-0100 to 202031-0108 and 202131-0001 to 202131-0006 for details, refer to Main
Roads WA website.
Refer to Section 11.1.2 for the use of barrier lines and dividing lines in Wide Centre Line Treatments
(WCLT).

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8.3.3 Barrier Lines

Main Roads has developed a Guideline “Barrier Line Marking Assessment” to assist with line marking
design.

8.3.7 Edge Lines

Audio-tactile line marking
Main Roads WA drawing 201131-0039 provides details for an edge line with white audio-tactile ribs
where the sealed shoulder is less than 1.0m wide.
Main Roads WA drawing 201131-0040 provides details for an edge line with white audio-tactile ribs
where the sealed shoulder is greater than or equal to 1.0m wide.

8.5 Other Markings

Bicycle pavement symbols shall be installed in accordance with the Main Roads WA Policy for the
Installation of Bicycle Pavement Symbols on Carriageways.

8.5.5 Messages on Pavements

The Main Roads “Policy and Guidelines for KEEP CLEAR Pavement Marking” indicates that Main
Roads will install and maintain KEEP CLEAR pavement marking where traffic blocking intersections
significantly impedes traffic flow and safety along distributor routes.

8.7 Raised Pavement Markers

Main Roads WA drawing 201031-0026 provides details of types and spacing to be used for various
Retroreflective Raised Pavement Marker applications in urban areas.
Main Roads WA drawing 201031-0027 provides details of types and spacing to be used for various
Retroreflective Raised Pavement Marker applications in rural and outer Metropolitan areas.

8.8 Rumble Strips

8.8.2 Use of Rumble Strips
In Western Australia, rumble strips may be used on the secondary road approach to rural
intersections and on the approaches to railway crossings and shall be installed in accordance with
Main Roads WA “Policy Application Approval & Technical Guidelines – Rumble Strips”.

8.8.3 Tactile Ground Surface Indicators

Layouts for Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSI’s) used by Main Roads for pedestrian ramps and
gaps are shown in Main Roads WA Standard drawings 200931-0089, 200931-0090 and 200931-0091.

9 GUIDE POSTS AND DELINEATORS

Guide posts and delineators shall be placed in accordance with Australian Standard AS 1742.2
Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices, Part 2: Traffic Control Devices for General Use. Departures
from the above reference documents are described in Main Roads WA document “Design of Guide
Posts”. For technical specifications on types and installation requirements of guide posts and
delineators refer, to Main Roads WA “Specification 602 – Guide Posts”.

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10 TRAFFIC SIGNALS
Main Roads document “Vehicular Signals” covers the design of traffic signals within Western Australia
including intersections generally affected by traffic signal operation. It outlines the relevant standards
and procedures to be followed when producing a traffic signal design. It provides guidance on
components of traffic signal equipment and intersection arrangement, and details design output
requirements and their presentation.

10.2 Signal Face Layouts

10.2.1 Vehicle Signal Face Layouts
Main Roads WA “Vehicular Signals” guideline, section 2.5.7.1 provides guidance on signal display
layouts and requirements for deviation from the standard.

10.3 Display Sequences

10.3.6 Pedestrian Signals
Main Roads WA “Vehicular Signals” guideline provides guidance for the provision of pedestrian
crossing facilities at traffic control signals.

10.4 Location of Signal Faces

10.4.3 Signal Face Site Requirements
Overhead signal warrants
Main Roads WA “Vehicular Signals” provides guidance for the use of overhead signal faces (mast
arms).

10.4.4 Positioning of Signal Equipment

Main Roads WA “Vehicular Signals” guideline, section 2.5 provides guidance.

10.4.6 Lantern Mounting Heights

Main Roads WA “Vehicular Signals” guideline, section 2.5.7.5 provides guidance.

10.4.8 Lantern Aiming

Main Roads WA “Vehicular Signals” guideline, section 2.5.7.8 provides guidance.

10.4.10 Other Street Furniture

Refer Main Roads WA “Vehicular Signals” guideline, for guidance on “Joint Use” Arrangements.

10.4.11 Visors
Main Roads WA “Vehicular Signals” guideline, section 2.5.7.6 provides guidance.

10.4.12 Louvres
Main Roads WA “Vehicular Signals” guideline, section 2.5.7.6 provides guidance.

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10.5 Special Uses

10.5.1 Advance Warning Signals
Advance Warning Flashing Signals are used in various situations to attract attention to a specific
hazard, which may be unexpected, or of higher than normal potential risk. The intention is to provide
drivers with additional information to enable them to react more readily and thereby avoid or reduce
the risks. The signals can take the form of a single flashing display or, more conventionally, twin
alternating displays. They may be installed by themselves, in conjunction with a traffic sign, or as an
integral part of a warning sign and shall be installed in accordance with Main Roads document
“Advance Warning Flashing Signals”, refer to Main Roads WA website.

10.5.2 Railway Level Crossings

Warrants for Advance Warning Flashing Signals at railway level crossings are provided in the Main
Roads WA document “Railway Crossing Control in Western Australia Policy and Guidelines”. The
document also includes information on sign location, sign size selection and operational timing.
For additional information on connections to railway crossing equipment as well as pit and conduit
details, refer to the document “Advance Warning Flashing Signals”.

10.5.6 Roundabout Metering Signals

A drawing showing a layout for roundabout metering is shown in Main Roads WA drawing 201131-
0048 for Traffic Signals, ITS, Lighting and Electrical Roundabout Metering and 201031-0171 for Signs
and Pavement Marking.

10.6 Ramp Metering Signals

Main Roads WA Ramp Signals guidelines can be found within Main Roads WA “Smart Freeways
Supplement to Victoria’s Managed Motorway Design Guide, Volume 2: Design Practice, Parts 2 and
3”. This Supplement follows the same structure as the Department of Transport Victoria (previously
VicRoads) ‘Managed Motorway Design Guide’ (MMDG).
Figures 10.43 to 10.45 are not to be used in WA. These are replaced by the respective figures in the
Main Roads’ supplement referred to above.

10.7 Pavement Marking at Signals

Refer to Main Roads Pavement Marking drawings under the Standard Contract Drawings on the
website for details of Main Roads’ pavement markings at signalised intersections.

10.8 Signs Used with Traffic Signals

10.8.2 Signs at Signal Installations
Give-way to pedestrians sign
The Western Australia version of the R2-10 Give-way to pedestrians sign is the “MR-RP-11” sign. This
sign may be used as described in GTM Part 10, but is a smaller version. The sign is located on the
primary pole on the left or right hand side, nearest to where the turn movement commences.

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Pedestrian scramble-crossing sign

The Western Australia version of the R3-5 Pedestrian Scramble Crossing sign is the “MR-RP-7”
Pedestrian Crossing Diagonally decal. This sign consists of a vinyl decal sticker and is applied to the
traffic signal pole above the pedestrian push button. The use of pedestrian diagonal crossings shall
be in accordance with the Main Roads document “Guidelines for Pedestrian Crossing Facilities at
Traffic Signals”.

Signs to control turning movements

Main Roads WA “Vehicular Signals” guideline provides the requirements for the use of illuminated
prohibition signs.

U-turn permitted signs

Main Roads may install U-turn Permitted signs on an approach to intersection traffic control signals
where U-turning will not compromise safety or interfere with the efficiency of the traffic signal
operations, and where the destination for which the manoeuvre is required cannot reasonably be
accommodated by other means. Refer to Main Roads WA “Policy and Application for 'U-turn
Permitted' Signs at Traffic Signal Controlled Intersections” for requirements.

Warning Signs
In WA, a W3-3 Signals Ahead warning sign is generally used in conjunction with either a “MR-GS-3A
/ MR-GS-3B” or “MR-GS-4A / MR-GS-4B” Street name Tag as an Advance Street name Sign. The
exception would be when a large white on green Advance Direction Sign is used or there is
insufficient distance to install the signs between successive intersections.

10.9 Red Light Infringement Cameras

Main Roads WA “Vehicular Signals” guideline, section 2.4.7 provides guidance.

11 TRAFFIC ISLANDS
11.1 Flush Medians and Islands
11.1.2 Wide Centre Line Treatments
Wide Centre Line Treatments (WCLT) shall be provided on roads managed by Main Roads WA to
reduce the potential for head-on and run-off road crashes. Refer to Main Roads “Wide Centre Line
Treatment (WCLT) drawings” under the Standard Contract Drawings on the website for details of
Main Roads WA current practice.

12 COMMUNICATION DEVICES
Main Roads has no supplementary comments for this section.

APPENDIX A ROUTE PLANNING AND DIRECTIONAL AND

WAYFINDING SIGNAGE FOR BICYCLISTS
Bicycle pavement symbols shall be installed within sealed shoulders or bicycle lanes on highways or
roads where the various requirements are met in accordance with Main Roads WA “On-Road Cycling
Signs and Road Markings Guidelines – Midblock and Unsignalised Intersections”.
Refer to Section 5.6 for additional information related to Bicycle Direction Signs.

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APPENDIX B OPERATIONAL GUIDLINE FOR THE

DETERMINATION OF SIGHT DISTANCE TO
DIRECTION SIGNS
Main Roads has no supplementary comments for this section.

APPENDIX C ABBREVIATIONS FOR USE ON VMS

Main Roads WA “Guidelines for Variable Message Signs” provides a standard list of abbreviations to
ensure messages can be understood independently of their context, or when they are used combined
with certain prompt words.

APPENDIX D VMS MESSAGE STATEMENTS

Main Roads WA “Guidelines for Variable Message Signs” provides guidance for VMS messaging.

APPENDIX E GENERIC MESSAGE SET

Main Roads WA “Guidelines for Variable Message Signs” provides guidance for VMS messaging.

COMMENTARY 1 – 3
Main Roads has no supplementary comments for this section.

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