LIST OF TABLE CONTENTS

THEORY.............................................................................................................................................3

I. Mass Procedure—Slopes in Homogeneous Clay Soil with ........................................3

II. Mass Procedure—Slopes in Homogeneous Soil.....................................................7

III. Ordinary Method of Slices..................................................................................................9

IV. Heaving in Soil Due to Flow around Sheet Piles.............Error! Bookmark not defined.

CALCULATION..............................................................................................................................10

I. Soil Physical Properties.........................................................................................................10

II. Arc Slip Surface Line........................................................................................................10

III. Determine the factor of safety...........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

IV. Factor Of Safety Against Downstream Heaving.............Error! Bookmark not defined.

V. Combination of Arc Slip and Heave Zone.......................Error! Bookmark not defined.

............................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

REFERENCE...................................................................................................................................18

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1:Stability analysis of slope in homogeneous saturated clay soil 3

Figure 2: (a) Definition of parameters for midpoint circle type of failure; (b) plot of stability
number against slope angle (Adapted from Terzaghi and Peck, 1967. With permission of John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.) 4

Figure 3: Location of the center of critical circles for 5

Figure 4: Location of midpoint circle (Based on Fellenius, 1927; and Terzaghi and Peck, 1967) 6

Figure 5: Location of the center of critical toe circles for 6

Figure 6: Stability analysis of slope in homogeneous Soil 7

Figure 7: Taylor’s stability number 8
Figure 8: Stability analysis by ordinary method of slices: (a) trial failure surface; (b) forces acting
on nth slice 9
Figure 9: Arc slip surface line analysis 10
Figure 10: Arc slip surface line 11
Figure 11: Geometry of sheet pile 4.5m 13
Figure 12: Soil properties for Backfilling 13
Figure 13: Soil properties of layer 1 14
Figure 14: Soil properties of layer 2 14
Figure 15: Soil properties of layer 3 14
Figure 16: Sheet pile properties 15
Figure 17: Ground water level 15
Figure 18: Phase 1 16
Figure 19: Phase 2 16
Figure 20: Phase 3 16
Figure 21: Setting point 17
Figure 22: Displacement curve of sheet pile 4.5m 17
Figure 23: Geometry of sheet pile 6m 18
Figure 24: Displacement Curve of sheet pile 6m 18

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 THEORY

I. Mass Procedure—Slopes in Homogeneous Clay Soil with

Figure 1:Stability analysis of slope in homogeneous saturated clay soil

The undrained shear strength of the soil is assumed to be constant with depth and will be

given by . To perform the stability analysis, we choose a trial potential curve of sliding,
AED, which is an arc of a circle that has a radius . The center of the circle is located at O.
Considering a unit length perpendicular to the section of the slope, we can give the weight of the

soil above the curve AED as , where

Failure of the slope will occur by sliding of the soil mass. The moment of the driving force
about O to cause slope instability is

The resistance to sliding is derived from the cohesion that acts along the potential surface of

sliding. If is the cohesion that needs to be developed, moment of the resisting forces about O is

For equilibrium,

The factor of safety against sliding can now be found

Stability problems of this type have been solved analytically by Fellenius (1927) and Taylor
(1937). For the case of critical circles, the developed cohesion can be expressed by the relationship
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 Note that the term m on the right-hand side of the preceding equation is nondimensional and

is referred to as the stability number. The critical height ( ) of the slope can be evaluated by

substituting and (full mobilization of the undrained shear strength) into the
preceding equation. Thus,

Figure 2: (a) Definition of parameters for midpoint circle type of failure; (b) plot of stability
number against slope angle (Adapted from Terzaghi and Peck, 1967. With permission of John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
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1. For a slope angle greater than 53°, the critical circle is always a toe circle. The location of
the center of the critical toe circle may be found with the aid.

2. For , the critical circle may be a toe, slope, or midpoint circle, depending on the
location of the firm base under the slope. This is called the depth function, which is defined
as

3. When the critical circle is a midpoint circle (i.e., the failure surface is tangent to the firm
base), its position can be determined with the aid.
4. The maximum possible value of the stability number for failure as a midpoint circle is
0.181.

Figure 3: Location of the center of critical circles for

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 Figure 4: Location of midpoint circle (Based on Fellenius, 1927; and Terzaghi and Peck,
1967)

Table 1: Location of the center of critical toe circles for

II. Mass Procedure—Slopes in Homogeneous

Soil Figure 5: Location of the center of critical toe circles for

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The magnitude of is given by

acts in a direction parallel to the cord AC and at a distance a from the center of
the circle O such that

The cohesion per unit area developed can be found

we can express the maximum cohesion developed along the critical surface as

The stability number for critical equilibrium

Figure 7: Taylor’s stability number 8

III. Ordinary Method of Slices

Figure 8: Stability analysis by ordinary method of slices: (a) trial failure surface; (b) forces
acting on nth slice

For equilibrium consideration,

The resisting shear force can be expressed as

The normal stress, , is equal to

For equilibrium of the trial wedge ABC, the moment of the driving force about O
equals the moment of the resisting force about O,

And

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 CALCULATION
I. Soil Physical Properties
The soil physical properties will be taken from BH-2 for calculation. The top of BH-2 is
located at elevation +5.20m. The below is the summarization of soil physical properties for this
borehole.
Table 2: Summarization of soil physical properties at BH-2

Saturated
II. Unit Weight Unconfined Friction
Arc Layer Thickness Descriptio Shear Strength Angle SPT-N
(no.) (m) n

1 3.50 CH 17.45 14.72 - 2

2 9.00 MH 15.56 19.16 - 1-2
3 6.00 SM 18.74 - 30.08 4-11
4 9.00 MH 16.19 37.44 - 5-10
5 3.00 ML 18.45 63.06 - 13
6 1.45 SM 18.94 - 30 66
Slip Surface Line
We will define the arc slip surface line of a slop at EL: +5.80m and EL: 0.00m.

Figure 9: Arc slip surface line analysis

The depth of slope:

The slope angle:

Depth to firm base:

The depth factor:

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 and from Figure 2 and Figure 4, the critical circle is midpoint circle and

, ,

By using the Pythagorean theorem in :

The radius of arc-slip:

and

The length segment BC:

The slip angle:

From this result, we can sketch the arc slip surface line as shown below

Figure 10: Arc slip surface line

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The actual sheet pile (SP-2, ) needs 3.3m more to reach the stable zone, hence we will
add more sheet pile to prevent the sliding effect. This case we will add more sheet pile offsetting

2.9m from actual sheet pile. We need additional sheet pile (SP-2, to reach stable
zone.

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 VERIFICATION WITH PLAXIS 2D
I. Objective

We will use an analysis software Plaxis 2D to check

 displacement (horizontal and vertical)
 bending moment
 shear force
 and axial force of sheet pile.

II. Verification of Sheet Pile 4.5m

We know that the top level of sheet pile with length of 4.5m is located at elevation -0.40m.
Hence, we choose only 3 layers above from BH-02 to input in Plaxis 2D.

 Geometry

Figure 11: Geometry of sheet pile 4.5m

 Soil Properties

Soil Backfilling from EL+5.80m to EL+5.40m

Figure 12: Soil properties for Backfilling

Layer 1 from EL+5.40m to EL+1.70m

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 Layer 2 from EL+1.70m to EL-7.30m

Figure 14: Soil properties of layer 2

Layer 3 from EL-7.30m to EL-13.30m

Figure 15: Soil properties of layer 3

 Sheet pile properties

In this case, we use sheet pile SP2 with length of 6m. Then we will obtain the section
properties as shown below to input in Plaxis 2D.

The sectional area:

The inertia moment:
Weight:
Then, we will find the normal stiffness and flexural rigidity as
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 Figure 16: Sheet pile properties

 Ground Water Level

The ground water level of BH-02 is located at EL+3.40m. Hence, we will assign the
ground water level in Plaxis 2D.

Figure 17: Ground water level

 Phase for calculation

We will create 3 phases of calculation base on the actual of site construction.

Phase 1: Excavate soil before sheet pile installation

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 Figure 18: Phase 1

Phase 2: Install sheet pile 3m and apply surcharge

Figure 19: Phase 2

Phase 3: Install sheet pile 4.5m offsetting from sheet pile 3m is 2.90m.

Figure 20: Phase 3

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 Setting point

We put the setting point A at the head of sheet pile 4.5m since we want to know it’s
effect.

Figure 21: Setting point

 Results after Calculation

Figure 22: Displacement curve of sheet pile 4.5m

After calculation, we see that the displacement of sheet pile 4.5m is

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III. Verification of Sheet Pile 6m

 Geometry

Figure 23: Geometry of sheet pile 6m

For this case, we make the same as sheet pile 4.5m.

 Results after Calculation

Figure 24: Displacement Curve of sheet pile 6m

After calculation, we see that the displacement of sheet pile 4.5m is

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 REFERENCE
[1] BRAJA M. DAS, Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, Eighth Edition, SI
[2] BRAJA M. DAS, Principles_of_Foundation_Engineering,_SI_Edition,_9th_ed,_2019
[3] https://www.globalsources.com/Steel-sheet/Steel-sheet-pile-1210890113p.htm
[4] Geotechnical Investigation & Solutions (GIS) Department
[5] U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)

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