Applied Mathematics (XI-XII) (Code-241)

Session- 2022-23

Secondary School Education prepares students to explore future career options after
graduating from schools. Mathematics is an important subject that helps students to
choose various fields of their choices. Mathematics is widely used in higher studies as an
allied subject in the field of Economics, Commerce, Social Sciences and many others. It
has been observed that the syllabus of Mathematics in senior secondary grades meant
for Science subjects may not be appropriate for the students who wish to pursue
Commerce or Social Science-based subjects in university education. By keeping this in
mind, one more elective course in the Mathematics syllabus is developed for Senior
Secondary classes with an aim to provide students relevant experience in Mathematics
that can be used in fields other than Physical Sciences.
This course is designed to develop substantial mathematical skills and methods needed
in other subject areas. Topics covered in two years aim to enable students to use
mathematical knowledge in the field of business, economic and social sciences. It aims
to promote appreciation of mathematical power and simplicity for its countless
applications in diverse fields. The course continues to develop mathematical language
and symbolism to communicate and relate everyday experiences mathematically. In
addition, it reinforces the logical reasoning skills of formulating and validating
mathematical arguments, framing examples, finding counterexamples. It encourages
students to engage in mathematical investigations and to build connections within
mathematical topics and with other disciplines. The course prepares students to use
algebraic methods as a means of representation and as a problem-solving tool. It also
enables students to interpret two-dimensional geometrical figures using algebra and to
further deduce properties of geometrical figures in a coordinate system. The course
content will help students to develop a sound understanding of descriptive and inferential
statistics which they can use to describe and analyze a given set of data and to further
make meaningful inferences out of it. Data based case studies from the field of business,
economics, psychology, education, biology and census data will be used to appreciate
the power of data in contemporary society.
It is expected that the subject is taught connecting concepts to the applications in various
fields. The objectives of the course areas are as follows:

Objectives:
a) To develop an understanding of basic mathematical and statistical tools and their
applications in the field of commerce (business/ finance/economics) and social
sciences.
b) To model real-world experiences/problems into mathematical expressions using
numerical/algebraic/graphical representation.
c) To make sense of the data by organizing, representing, interpreting, analysing, and
making meaningful inferences from real-world situations.
d) To develop logical reasoning skills and apply the same in simple problem-solving.
e) To reinforce mathematical communication by formulating conjectures, validating
logical arguments and testing hypothesis.
f) To make connections between Mathematics and other disciplines.
 Grade XI (2022-23)

Number of Paper: 1
Total number of Periods: 240 (35 Minutes Each)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80

No. Units No. of Marks

Periods
I Numbers, Quantification and 25 09
Numerical Applications
II Algebra 45 15
III Mathematical Reasoning 15 06
IV Calculus 35 10
V Probability 25 08
VI Descriptive Statistics 35 12
VII Basics of Financial Mathematics 45 15
VIII Coordinate Geometry 15 05
Total 240 80
Internal Assessment 20
 CLASS- XI
MONTH Contents Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to N
S O.
O
F
P
E
RI
O
D
S
UNIT – 1 NUMBERS, QUANTIFICATION AND NUMERICAL
APPLICATIONS
Numbers & Quantification
AUGUST Binary ● Express decimal numbers in binary system 25
Numbers, ● Express binary numbers in decimal system
Indices, ● Relate indices and logarithm /antilogarithm
Logarithm and ● Find logarithm and
Antilogarithm, antilogarithms of given number
Laws and ● Enlist the laws and properties of logarithms
properties of *Apply laws of logarithm
logarithms, Use logarithm in different applications
Simple *Determine average for a given data
applications of ● Evaluate the angular value of a minute
logarithm and ● Calculate the angle formed between two
Antilogarithm, hands of clock at given time
Averages ● Calculate the time for which hands of clock
Clock, Calendar, Meet
Time, Work and ● Determine Odd days in a month/ year/ century
Distance, Decode the day for the given date
Mensuration, ● Establish the relationship between work and
Seating time
arrangement ● Compare the work done by the individual /
group w.r.t. time
● Calculate the time taken/
distance covered/ Work done from the given
data
● Solve problems based on surface area and
volume of 2D and 3D shapes
Calculate the volume/ surface area for solid
formed using two or more shapes
● Create suitable seating plan/ draft as per
given conditions (Linear/circular)
● Locate the position of a
person in a seating arrangement
 UNIT – 2 ALGEBRA
Sets
AUG Introduction to sets ● Define set as well-defined collection of objects 10
UST – definition, ● Represent a set in Roster form and Set builder form
Representation of ● Identify different types of sets on the basis of
sets, Types of sets number of elements in the set
and their notations, ● Differentiate between equal set and equivalence
Subsets, Intervals, set
Venn diagrams, ● Enlist all subsets of a set
Operations on ● Find number of subsets of a given set
sets, ● Find number of elements of a power set
● Express subset of real numbers as intervals
● Apply the concept of Venn diagram to
understand the relationship between sets
● Solve problems using Venn diagram
● Perform operations on sets to solve practical
problems
Relations
SEPTE Ordered pairs, • Explain the significance of specific arrangement 
MBER of elements in a pair
Cartesian product • Write Cartesian product of two sets
of two sets, • Find the number of elements in a Cartesian
Relations product of two sets
• Express relation as a subset of Cartesian
product
• Find domain and range of a relation
 Sequences and Series
SEPTE Sequence and ● Differentiate between sequence and series 15
MBER Series, ● Identify Arithmetic Progression (AP)
Arithmetic ● Establish the formulae of finding 𝑛𝑡ℎterm and sum of n
Progression, terms
Geometric ● Solve application problems based on AP
Progression, ● Find arithmetic mean (AM) of two positive
Applications of numbers
AP and GP • Identify Geometric Progression (GP)

● Derive the 𝑛𝑡ℎterm and sum of n terms of a given GP

● Solve problems based on applications of GP
● Find geometric mean (GM) of two positive
numbers
● Solve problems based on relation between AM
and GM
● Apply appropriate formulas of AP and GP to solve
application problems
Permutations and Combinations
SEPT Factorial, ● Define factorial of a number 10
EMB Fundamental ● Calculate factorial of a number
ER Principle of ● Appreciate how to count without counting
Counting, ● Define permutation
Permutations, *Apply the concept of permutation to solve simple
Combinations problems
● Define combination
● Differentiate between permutation and
combination
Apply the formula of combination to solve the
related problems
 UNIT -3 MATHEMATICAL REASONING
OCTO Logical ● Solve logical problems involving odd man 15
BER reasoning out, syllogism, blood relation
and coding decoding

UNIT – 4 CALCULUS
OCT Functions, Domain • Identify dependent and independent 25
OBE and Range of a variables
R function, Types of • Define a function using dependent and
functions, independent variable
Graphical • Define domain, range and co-domain of a
representation of given function
functions
• Define various types of functions
Concepts of limits
and continuity of a • Identify domain, co- domain and range of
function the function
Instantaneous rate • Representation of function graphically
of change • Define limit of a function
Differentiation as a • Solve problems based on the algebra of
process of limits
finding derivative • Define continuity of a function
Derivatives of • Define instantaneous rate of change
algebraic • Find the derivative of the functions
functions using
• Find the derivative of function of a function
Chain Rule
UNIT – 5 PROBABILITY
NOVE Introduction, ● Appreciate the use of probability in daily life 20
MBER Random situations
experiment and ● Define random experiment and sample space
sample space, with suitable
Event, Examples
Conditional • Define an event
Probability, Total • Recognize and differentiate different
Probability, types of events and find their probabilities
Bayes’ Theorem
• Define the concept of conditional probability
Apply reasoning skills to solve problems based
on conditional probability
• Interpret mathematical information and identify
situations when to apply total probability
• Solve problems based on
application of total probability
• State Bayes’ theorem
Solve practical problems based on Bayes’
Theorem
 UNIT- 6 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
NOV Data Interpretation
EMB Measure of ● Understand meaning of dispersion in a data set 20
ER Dispersion, ● Differentiate between range, quartile deviation,
Skewness mean deviation and standard deviation
and ● Calculate range, quartile deviation, mean deviation
Kurtosis and standard deviation for ungrouped and grouped
Percentile data set
rank and ● Choose appropriate measure of dispersion to
Quartile calculate spread of data
rank ● Define Skewness and Kurtosis using graphical
Correlation representation of a data set
● Interpret Skewness and Kurtosis of a frequency
distribution by plotting the graph
● Calculate coefficient of Skewness and interpret the
Results
● Define Percentile rank and Quartile rank
● Calculate and interpret Percentile and Quartile rank
of scores in a given data set
● Define correlation in values of two data sets
● Calculate Product moment correlation for ungrouped
and grouped data
● Calculate Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation
● Calculate Spearman’s rank correlation
● Interpret the coefficient of correlation

UNIT – 7 FINANCIAL MATHEMATICS

DECE Interest and ● Define the concept of Interest Rates 30
MBE Interest Rates ● Compare the difference between Nominal Interest
R Accumulation Rate, Effective Rate and
with simple Real Interest Rate
JANU and ● Solve Practical applications of interest rate
ARY compound ● Interpret the concept of simple and compound 15
interest interest
Simple and ● Calculate Simple Interest and Compound Interest
compound ● Explain the meaning, nature and concept of
interest rates equivalency
with ● Analyze various examples for
equivalency ● understanding annual equivalency rate
Effective rate ● Define with examples the concept of effective rate of
of interest interest
Present value, ● Interpret the concept of compounding and
net present discounting along with practical applications
value and ● Compute net present value
future value ● Apply net present value in capital budgeting decisions
Annuities, ● Explain the concept of Immediate Annuity, Annuity
Calculating due and Deferred Annuity
value of ● Calculate General Annuity
Regular ● Calculate the future value of regular annuity, annuity
Annuity due Apply the concept of Annuity in real life situations
Simple ● Explain fundamentals of taxation
applications of ● Differentiate between Direct and indirect tax
regular ● Define and explain GST
annuities (upto ● Calculate GST
3 period ● Explain rules under State
Tax, Goods and Services Tax (SGST) Central Goods and
calculation of Services Tax (CGST) and Union Territory
tax, simple ● Goods and Services Tax (UTGST)
applications ● Describe the meaning of bills and its various types
of tax ● Analyze the meaning and rules determining tariff
calculation in rates
Goods and ● Explain the concept of fixed charge
service tax, ● To interpret and analyze electricity bills, water bills
Income Tax and other supply bills
Bills, tariff ● Evaluate how to calculate units consumed under
rates, fixed electricity bills/water bill
charge,
surcharge,
service
charge
Calculation
and
interpretation
of electricity
bill, water
supply bill and
other supply
bills
 UNIT – 8 COORDINATE GEOMETRY
JANUA Straight line, ● Find the slope and equation of line in various form 15
RY Circle, ● Find angle between the two lines
Parabola ● Find the perpendicular from a given point on a line
● Find the distance between two parallel lines
● Define a circle
● Find different form of equations of a circle
● Solve problems based on applications of circle
● Define parabola and related terms
● Define eccentricity of a parabola
● Derive the equation of parabola
Practical: Use of spreadsheet
Calculating average, interest (simple and compound), creating pictographs, drawing pie
chart, bar graphs, calculating central tendency visualizing graphs (straight line, circles
and parabola using real-time data)

Suggested practical using spreadsheet

1. Plot the graph of functions on excel study the nature of function at various points,
drawing lines of tangents
2. Create a budget of income and spending
3. Create and compare sheet of price & features to buy a product
4. Prepare the best option plan to buy a product by comparing cost, shipping charges,
tax and other hidden costs
5. Smart purchasing during sale season
6. Prepare a report card using scores of the last four exams and compare the
performance
7. Collect the data on weather, price, inflation, and pollution. Sketch different types of
graphs and analyze the results
 Grade XII (2022-23)

Number of Paper: 1
Total number of Periods: 240 (35 Minutes Each)
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 80
No. Units No. of Marks
Periods
I Numbers, Quantification and Numerical 30 11
Applications
II Algebra 20 10
III Calculus 50 15
IV Probability Distributions 35 10
V Inferential Statistics 10 05
VI Index Numbers and Time-based data 30 06
VII Financial Mathematics 50 15
VIII Linear Programming 15 08
Total 240 80
Internal Assessment 20
 CLASS XII
MONTHS Contents Learning Outcomes: Students will be PERIODS
able to
UNIT-1 NUMBERS, QUANTIFICATION AND NUMERICAL APPLICATIONS
APRIL Modulo Arithmetic, • Define modulus of an integer 30
Congruence • Apply arithmetic operations using modular
Modulo, Alligation arithmetic rules
and Mixture, • Define congruence modulo
Numerical • Apply the definition in various problems
Problems, Boats • Understand the rule of alligation to produce a
and Streams mixture at a given price
(upstream and • Determine the mean price of a mixture
downstream) , • Apply rule of allegation
Pipes and • Solve real life problems mathematically
Cisterns , • Distinguish between upstream and
Races and downstream
Games,
• Express the problem in the form of an
Numerical
equation
Inequalities
• Determine the time taken by two or more
pipes to fill or empty the tank
• Compare the performance of two players w.r.t.
time, distance
• Describe the basic concepts of numerical
inequalities
• Understand and write numerical inequalities
UNIT- 2
ALGEBRA

MAY/JUNE Matrices and types ● Define matrix 10

of matrices, ● Identify different kinds of matrices
Equality of Find the size / order of matrices
matrices, • Determine equality of two matrices
Transpose of a • Write transpose of given matrix
matrix, Symmetric Define symmetric and skew symmetric matrix
and Skew ● Perform operations like addition & subtraction
symmetric matrix, on matrices of same order
Algebra of ● Perform multiplication of two matrices of
Matrices appropriate order
Perform multiplication of a scalar with matrix
MAY/JUN Determinants, ● Find determinant of a square matrix 10
E Inverse of a ● Use elementary properties of determinants
matrix, Solving ● Define the inverse of a square matrix
system of ● Apply properties of inverse of matrices
simultaneous • Solve the system of simultaneous equations
equations using using
matrix method, i) Cramer’s Rule
Cramer’s rule ii) Inverse of coefficient matrix
● Formulate real life problems into a system of
simultaneous linear equations and solve it using
these methods
UNIT- 3 CALCULUS
Differentiation and its Applications
JULY Higher Order • Determine second and higher order derivatives 15
Derivatives, • Understand differentiation of parametric
Application of functions and implicit functions
Derivatives, • Determine the rate of change of various quantities
Marginal Cost
and Marginal • Understand the gradient of tangent and normal to a
Revenue using curve at a given point
derivatives, • Write the equation of tangents and normal to a
Increasing curve at a given point
/Decreasing • Define marginal cost and marginal revenue
Functions, • Find marginal cost and marginal revenue
Maxima and • Determine whether a function is increasing or
Minima decreasing
• Determine the conditions for a function to be
increasing or
Decreasing
• Determine critical points of the function
• Find the point(s) of local maxima and local minima
and corresponding local maximum and local
minimum values
• Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum
value of a function
Solve applied problems
 Integration and its Applications
JULY Integration, • Understand and determine indefinite integrals of 15
Indefinite simple functions as anti-derivative
Integrals as • Evaluate indefinite integrals of simple algebraic
family of functions by method of:
curves, Definite • substitution
Integrals as • partial fraction
area under the
• by parts
curve,
• Define definite integral as area under the curve
• Understand fundamental theorem of Integral calculus
and apply it to evaluate the definite integral
• Apply properties of definite integrals to solve the
problems
AUGUST Application ● Identify the region representing 10
of C.S. and P.S. graphically
Integration Apply the definite integral to find consumer surplus-
producer surplus

Differential Equations and Modeling

AUGUST Differential ● Recognize a differential equation 10
Equations, ● Find the order and degree of a differential equation
Formulatin ● Formulate differential equation
g and ● Verify the solution of differential equation
Solving ● Solve simple differential equation
Differential ● Define Growth and Decay Model
Equations, ● Apply the differential equations
Applicatio ● to solve Growth and Decay Models
n of
Differential
Equations
 UNIT- 4 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
AUGUST, Probability ● Understand the concept of Random Variables 15
SEPTEM Distribution, and its Probability Distributions 20
BER Mathematical ● Find probability distribution of discrete random
Expectation, variable
Variance, ● Apply arithmetic mean of frequency distribution
Binomial to find the expected value of a random variable
Distribution, ● Calculate the Variance and S.D. of a random
Poison variable
Distribution, ● Identify the Bernoulli Trials and apply Binomial
Normal Distribution
Distribution ● Evaluate Mean, Variance and
S.D of a binomial distribution
● Understand the Conditions of Poisson
Distribution
Evaluate the Mean and Variance of Poisson
distribution
● Understand normal distribution is a Continuous
distribution
● Evaluate value of Standard normal variate
Area relationship between Mean and Standard
Deviation
UNIT - 5 INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

SEPTE Population and • Define Population and Sample 

MBER Sample, • Differentiate between population and sample
Parameter and • Define a representative sample from a population
Statistics and • Differentiate between a representative and
Statistical non- representative sample
Interferences, • Draw a representative sample using simple random
t-Test (one sampling
sample t-test • Draw a representative sample using and systematic
and two random sampling
independent
• Define Parameter with reference to Population
groups t-test )
• Define Statistics with reference to Sample
• Explain the relation between Parameter and
Statistic
• Explain the limitation of Statistic to generalize the
estimation for population
• Interpret the concept of Statistical Significance
and Statistical Inferences
• State Central Limit Theorem
• Explain the relation between Population-Sampling
Distribution-Sample
• Define a hypothesis
• Differentiate between Null and Alternate hypothesis
• Define and calculate degree of freedom
• Test Null hypothesis and make inferences using t-
test statistic for one group / two independent groups
UNIT – 6 INDEX NUMBERS AND TIME BASED DATA
SEPTEM Time Series, ● Identify time series as chronological data 10
BR Components of ● Distinguish between different components 20
OCTOBE Time Series, of time series
R Time Series ● Solve practical problems based
analysis ● on statistical data and Interpret the result
for ● Understand the long term tendency
univariate ● Demonstrate the techniques of
data, ● finding trend by different methods
Secular
Trend,
Methods of
Measuring
trend
 UNIT - 7 FINANCIAL MATHEMATICS

OCTOBE Perpetuity, • Explain the concept of perpetuity and sinking fund 20

R Sinking Funds, • Calculate perpetuity 30
NOVEMB Calculation of Differentiate between sinking fund and saving account
ER EMI, • Explain the concept of EMI
Calculation of Calculate EMI using various methods
Returns, • Explain the concept of rate of return and nominal rate
Nominal Rate of return
of Return, Calculate rate of return and nominal rate of return
Linear method • Define the concept of linear method of Depreciation
of • Interpret cost, residual value and useful life of an asset
Depreciation from the given information
Calculate depreciation

UNIT - 8 LINEAR PROGRAMMING

NOVEMB Introduction • Familiarize with terms related to Linear 15

ER and related Programming Problem
terminology, • Formulate Linear Programming Problem
Mathematical • Identify and formulate different types of LPP
formulation of • Draw the Graph for a system of linear inequalities
Linear involving two variables and to find its solution
Programming graphically,
Problem, • Identify feasible, infeasible,
Different types bounded and unbounded regions
of Linear ● Understand feasible and infeasible solutions
Programming Find optimal feasible solution
Problems,
Graphical
method of
solution for
problems in
two variables,
Feasible and
Infeasible
Regions,
Feasible and
infeasible
solutions,
optimal
feasible
solution

DECEMB REVISION 20
ER
JANUAR REVISION 20
Y
Practical: Use of spreadsheet
Graphs of an exponential function, demand and supply functions on Excel and study the nature
of function at various points, maxima/minima, Matrix operations using Excel

Suggested practical using the spreadsheet

i) Plot the graphs of functions on excel and study the graph to find out the point of
maxima/minima
ii) Probability and dice roll simulation
iii) Matrix multiplication and the inverse of a matrix
iv) Stock Market data sheet on excel
v) Collect the data on weather, price, inflation, and pollution analyze the data and make
meaningful inferences
vi) Collect data from newspapers on traffic, sports activities and market trends and use
excel to study future trends
List of Suggested projects (Class XI /XII)
i) Use of prime numbers in coding and decoding of messages
ii) Prime numbers and divisibility rules
iii) Logarithms for financial calculations such as interest, present value, future value,
profit/loss etc. with large values)
iv) The cardinality of a set and orders of infinity
v) Comparing sets of Natural numbers, rational numbers, real numbers and others
vi) Use of Venn diagram in solving practical problems
vii) Fibonacci sequence: Its' history and presence in nature
viii) Testing the validity of mathematical statements and framing truth tables
ix) Investigating Graphs of functions for their properties
x) Visit the census site of India
http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Languag
e/State ment3.htm Depict the information given there in a pictorial form
xi) Prepare a questionnaire to collect information about money spent by your friends in
a month on activities like travelling, movies, recharging of the mobiles, etc. and draw
interesting conclusions
xii) Check out the local newspaper and cut out examples of information depicted by
graphs. Draw your own conclusions from the graph and compare it with the analysis
given in the report
xiii) Analysis of population migration data – positive and negative influence on
urbanization
xiv) Each day newspaper tells us about the maximum temperature, minimum
temperature, and humidity. Collect the data for a period of 30 days and represent it
graphically. Compare it with the data available for the same time period for the
previous year
xv) Analysis of career graph of a cricketer (batting average for a batsman and bowling
average for a bowler). Conclude the best year of his career. It may be extended for
other players also – tennis, badminton, athlete
xvi) Vehicle registration data – correlating with pollution and the number of accidents
xvii) Visit a village near Delhi and collect data of various crops over the past few years
from the farmers. Also, collect data about temperature variation and rain over the
period for a particular crop. Try to find the effect of temperature and rain variations
on various crops
xviii) Choose any week of your ongoing semester. Collect data for the past 10 – 15 years
for the amount of rainfall received in Delhi during that week. Predict the amount of
rainfall for the current year
xix) Weather prediction (prediction of monsoon from past data)
xx) Visit Kirana shops near your home and collect the data regarding the sales of certain
commodities over a month. Try to figure out the stock of a particular commodity
which should be in the store in order to maximize the profit
xxi) Stock price movement
xxii) Risk assessments by insurance firms from data
xxiii) Predicting stock market crash
xxiv) Predicting the outcome of an election – exit polls
xxv) Predicting mortality of infants
Assessment Plan
1. Overall Assessment of the course is out of 100 marks.
2. The assessment plan consists of an External Exam and Internal Assessment.
3. External Exam will be of 03 hours duration Pen/ Paper Test consisting of 80 marks.
4. The weightage of the Internal Assessment is 20 marks. Internal Assessment can be
a combination of activities spread throughout the semester/ academic year. Internal
Assessment activities include projects and excel based practical. Teachers can
choose activities from the suggested list of practical or they can plan activities of a
similar nature. For data-based practical, teachers are encouraged to use data from
local sources to make it more relevant for students.
5. Weightage for each area of internal assessment may be as under:

Sl. Area and Assessment Area Marks

No. Weightage allocated
1 Project work Project work and record 5
(10 marks) Year-end Presentation/ Viva of the Project 5
2 Practical work Performance of practical and record 5
(10 marks) Year-end test of any one practical 5
Total 20