Тheme 5.

Accidents in the healthcare facility, their

account and order of investigation

1. The concept of a hazardous production factor:

A hazardous production factor refers to any substance or
situation in the workplace that can potentially cause
harm or pose a risk to the health and safety of workers.
These can include chemicals, machinery, equipment,
noise, radiation, and other physical, biological, or
psychological factors that can affect the well-being of
employees. Hazardous production factors can lead to
accidents, injuries, illness, or even death, and it is the
responsibility of employers to identify and control these
hazards to ensure a safe and healthy work environment.
This can be achieved through risk assessments, hazard
controls, training and awareness, and other measures
aimed at preventing or minimizing exposure to these
factors.

2. The concept of industrial trauma and injury:

Industrial trauma and injury refer to physical harm or
damage sustained by workers in the workplace due to
accidents, incidents or exposure to hazardous
production factors. These injuries can vary in severity
from minor cuts, bruises and sprains to more serious
conditions such as fractures, burns, amputations, and
even fatalities in extreme cases. Industrial trauma and
injury can be caused by various factors, including poor
 safety practices, inadequate training, improper use of
machinery, lack of safety equipment, exposure to
harmful chemicals or substances, and other similar
conditions.

In many cases, industrial trauma and injury can have

long-lasting effects on a worker's physical, mental, and
emotional health. It can result in disability, chronic pain,
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and
depression, among other conditions. Employers have a
legal and moral responsibility to mitigate the risk of
industrial trauma and injury to protect their employees.
They can achieve this by providing safe working
environments, hazard identification and assessment,
safety education and training, effective safety
equipment and personal protective equipment (PPE),
and regular safety inspections and audits.

3. The term "accident":

The term "accident" commonly refers to an unexpected
or unplanned event that results in damage, harm, or
injury to people, property, or the environment. An
accident can occur in any situation or activity, including
at home, on the road, or in the workplace. It can be
caused by various factors, including human error,
equipment malfunction, or environmental conditions.

In many cases, the term "accident" is used to describe

events that are beyond the control of people involved.
 However, in some cases, accidents can be prevented by
implementing safety systems, providing adequate
training, and ensuring compliance with safety
regulations.

It is important to note that the use of the term

"accident" can sometimes be controversial, as it implies
that the event was unforeseeable or uncontrollable, and
that no one is responsible for its occurrence. Some
safety professionals prefer to use terms such as
"incident," "near miss," or "unsafe act" to emphasize the
preventable nature of such events, and the importance
of understanding their causes to prevent similar
incidents from happening in the future.
4. Classification of accidents:
Accidents can be classified in several ways:
1. By cause: This includes categories such as motor vehicle
accidents, industrial accidents, falls, drowning, and electrical
accidents.
2. By severity: This includes categories such as minor injuries,
major injuries, and fatalities.
3. By type: This includes categories such as fire accidents,
explosion accidents, and natural disasters.
4. By location: This includes categories such as home
accidents, workplace accidents, and road accidents.
5. By time: This includes categories such as daytime
accidents, nighttime accidents, and season-specific accidents.
6. By age group: This includes categories such as accidents
related to infants and children, teenagers, adults, and elderly
people.
7. By human factors: This includes categories such as
accidents caused by human errors, carelessness, or
negligence.
5. Procedure for investigating accidents at work:
1. Secure the accident scene: The first thing to do when
investigating an accident at work is to secure the accident
scene to ensure that no further harm occurs.
2. Gather information: Collect all the necessary information
related to the accident, such as the date, time, location, the
people involved, and their relevant details.
3. Interview witnesses: Collect statements from eye-
witnesses to get an understanding of what happened.
4. Document the evidence: Take photographs, videos, and
written notes of the accident scene and the surrounding area.
5. Analyze the evidence: Review the information and
collected evidence to determine the factors that led to the
accident.
6. Determine causes: Identify the underlying causes of the
accident to prevent it from happening again in the future.
7. Develop corrective action plan: Develop an action plan to
implement all the corrective measures necessary to prevent
the recurrence of similar accidents in the future.
8. Report the accident: Document and report the accident
and the corrective action plan to the appropriate authorities.
6. The procedure for notification of accidents at work:
1. The employee should immediately notify their supervisor
or manager of the accident or injury, providing details of the
time, location, and nature of the accident.
2. The supervisor or manager should assess the situation to
determine whether the employee requires first aid, medical
attention, or emergency services.
3. If the injury requires medical attention or emergency
services, the supervisor or manager should call for an
ambulance or transport the employee to the nearest medical
facility.
4. The supervisor or manager should complete an accident
report form, detailing the circumstances of the accident, the
injuries sustained, and any relevant information.
5. The supervisor or manager should notify the company's
health and safety officer or designated person responsible for
reporting accidents.
6. If the employee is unable to work due to the injury, the
supervisor or manager should provide them with a copy of
the accident report form and a record of the incident.
7. The health and safety officer or designated person
responsible for reporting accidents should file the accident
report with the appropriate regulatory agency or insurance
company.
8. The company should conduct a thorough investigation of
the accident to determine the cause and identify any
measures that can be taken to prevent future accidents.
9. The employee should be provided with appropriate
support, including medical care, rehabilitation, and
compensation for any loss of earnings or other expenses
incurred as a result of the accident.
7. The procedure for creating a commission for the
investigation of accidents at work and its Composition :
Creating a commission for the investigation of accidents at
work involves several steps, including:
1. Identifying the need for an investigation: When an accident
occurs at work, the first step is to assess the severity of the
accident and determine whether an investigation is
necessary.
2. Forming a commission: Once it is determined that an
investigation is needed, a commission should be formed. This
commission is typically composed of representatives from
different departments such as HR, safety, and management.
3. Defining the scope of the investigation: The commission
should define the scope of the investigation, including the
time frame, areas to be investigated, and the information
that will be gathered during the process.
4. Conducting the investigation: The commission must then
conduct the investigation, including gathering information
from witnesses, reviewing relevant documents, and
examining the accident site.
5. Analyzing the findings: After the investigation is complete,
the commission should analyze the findings to determine the
cause of the accident and any contributing factors.
6. Developing recommendations: Based on the findings and
analysis, the commission should develop recommendations
to prevent similar accidents from occurring in the future.
7. Communicating the results: Finally, the commission should
communicate the results of the investigation and its
recommendations to the relevant stakeholders, including
management, employees, and regulatory authorities.
The composition of the commission varies but often includes
representatives from HR, safety, and management. Ideally,
the commission should include individuals with relevant
expertise and experience, such as engineers or medical
professionals, depending on the nature of the accident. It is
also important to include employee representatives to ensure
that their perspectives and concerns are taken into account
during the investigation process.
8. The procedure and tasks of the commission in the
investigation of accidents at work
The commission responsible for investigating accidents at
work must follow a process to determine the causes and
contributing factors of the accident. The procedure typically
involves the following steps:
1. Notification: Any accident at work that results in injuries or
fatalities must be reported immediately to the commission.
The employer, lead worker, supervisor, or health and safety
representative are typically responsible for notifying the
commission.
2. Initial assessment: The commission will conduct an initial
assessment to determine the severity of the accident and the
potential for further harm. This assessment may involve a site
visit, interviews with witnesses and employees, and reviewing
documentation, such as safety procedures and training
records.
3. Investigation: Once the commission has determined that
an investigation is necessary, it will conduct a detailed
investigation of the accident. This can involve interviewing
witnesses and employees, reviewing company policies and
procedures, and conducting technical analysis (e.g. a review
of equipment maintenance records).
4. Analysis: The commission will then analyze the information
gathered during the investigation to determine the root
cause(s) of the accident. This can involve a root cause
analysis, which identifies the underlying factors that
contributed to the accident.
5. Report: The commission will prepare a report detailing the
causes of the accident and proposing recommendations for
preventing similar accidents in the future. The report may
also include any violations of health and safety regulations
and may recommend penalties or corrective actions.
6. Follow-up: The commission may conduct follow-up visits or
audits to ensure that any recommended corrective actions
have been implemented and are effective in preventing
similar accidents.

Tasks of the commission during an investigation of accidents

at work may include:
1. Conducting interviews with witnesses and employees
2. Reviewing safety policies and procedures
3. Conducting technical analysis (e.g. reviewing equipment
maintenance records)
4. Analyzing information gathered during the investigation
5. Preparing a report detailing the causes of the accident and
proposing recommendations for prevention
6. Conducting follow-up visits or audits to ensure
recommended corrective actions have been implemented

9. What documents does the commission make when

investigating accidents at work and the period of their
storage:
the investigation documents consist of:
1. Accident report form
2. Witness statements
3. Interview transcripts with the injured person and others
involved
4. Site inspection checklist and report
5. CCTV footage or other visual evidence
6. Medical reports
7. Health and safety policies and procedures
8. Risk assessment reports

The period of their storage may vary depending on the

country and legal requirements. In some countries, accident
investigation documents must be kept for at least ten years,
while in others, it may be up to five years. It is best to consult
the local regulations or legal counsel for more information on
this matter.

10. Features of special investigation of accidents at work?

1. Thoroughness: Special investigation of accidents at work
involves a detailed and comprehensive examination of all
aspects of the incident, including the scene of the accident,
the equipment involved, the procedures in place, and the
individuals involved.
2. Objectivity: The investigation process should be conducted
in an unbiased manner, without any preconceived notions or
assumptions about the causes of the accident.
3. Multidisciplinary approach: It involves the participation of
experts from different areas such as occupational health and
safety, engineering, medicine, and law, to bring a diverse
perspective to the investigation.
4. Compliance with legal requirements: The investigation
must be conducted in accordance with local laws and
regulations, as well as any industry-specific requirements.
5. Recommendations: Recommendations for preventing
similar accidents in the future should be developed,
documented, and implemented to improve the safety of the
workplace.
6. Communication: The results of the investigation should be
communicated to all relevant parties, including management,
employees, and regulatory authorities.
7. Continuous improvement: The investigation should be
viewed as an opportunity to identify areas for improvement
and implement changes to prevent future accidents.

11. Ways and means of prevention of occupational

injuries:
1. Training and Education: Proper training and education of
workers is essential to prevent occupational injuries. Workers
should be trained on the proper use of equipment, handling
of hazardous materials, and general safety procedures.
2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): PPE such as gloves,
goggles, helmets, and safety shoes should be provided to
workers to protect them from potential hazards.
3. Workplace Hazard Assessment: A thorough hazard
assessment should be conducted to identify potential hazards
and develop measures to mitigate them.
4. Implementation of Safety Policies: Safety policies should be
implemented and enforced in the workplace to ensure
compliance with safety regulations and reduce the risk of
occupational injuries.
5. Regular Inspection and Maintenance: Regular inspection
and maintenance of equipment and machinery can help
identify potential hazards and prevent accidents.
6. Workplace Ergonomics: Proper ergonomics can help
prevent musculoskeletal disorders and other injuries caused
by repetitive motions and awkward postures.
7. Employee Involvement: Workers should be encouraged to
report safety hazards and participate in safety committees to
help identify and address potential hazards.
8. Medical Surveillance: Regular medical surveillance can help
identify early signs of occupational injuries and prevent them
from becoming serious.
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