TO R IC AL A N TE C ED EN T

HIS IN TH E CO URS E OF S
IE NC E A N D TE C H N OL OG
SC Y
 PICS TO BE COVERE
TO D

Ancient Middle Ages Modern Age Philippine

Times Inventions
 This topic will allow you to time travel through
the antecedents of science and technology; lets you
investigate how the present status of science and
technology came into being, and explore the major turns
in the course of global and national history that led it to
its exhilarating and captivating development.
 NCIENT TIMES
A
The rise of ancient civilization
paved by the way for advances in
science and technology. These
advance during the ancient period
allowed civilizations to flourish by
finding better ways of
communication, transportation,
self-organization, and of living in
general. It starts after the Iron Age
or 4000 BC and ends before the
fall of Roman Empire.
Potter’s Wheel
Potter’s wheel is a heavy flat disk
made of hardened clay which was
spun horizontally on an axis. It is
believed that the Sumerians invented
it shortly after 3500 BC.
 Shadoof
The shadoof (also spelled as
shaduf) is a hand-operated
devise used for lifting water. It
was an early tool invented and
used by ancient Egyptian to
irrigate land.
Antikythera mechanism
Antikythera mechanism was
discovered in 1902 and retrieved
from the waters of Antikythera,
Greece. It is similar to a mantel
clock. Antikythera mechanism was
used to predict astronomical
positions and eclipses for calendar
and astrological purposes.
 Paper
Roughly around 3000 BC, paper
comes from papyrus. Papyrus is
made from the pith of the papyrus
plant cyperus papyrus. It is a
lighweight, strong, durable, and
most importantly, portable.
 CODEX
With the advent of paper, civilizations were
made easier to write down anything that
happened in their time. As a result, societies
were fond of record-keeping, in particular
recording past events and newly passed
legislation. The ancient Roman Empire was
able to produce the first books or codex, with
the papyrus pages bound together and
covered with animal skin.
 THE DARK AGE

Medieval Period
MIDDLE AGES
In between Ancient & Modern

This period is reflected to be the most creative times in mankind’s

history: where most innovative minds are present. It is believed that
this era sparked the beginning of the first industrial revolution.
 PAGE 12

PrintingPRESS
Wooden Machine JOHAN GUTENBERG
He invented the very first printing press which
The printing press was invented to address is a more reliable way of printing using a cast
the need for publishing books that would type. The machine is made from wood that
spread information to many people at a extracted juices from fruits, with a metal
faster rate. impression of the letters, which is to be
pressed firmly at the cast metal, which then
made an exact impression on paper.
Compound
PAGE 13

MICROSCOPE
ZACHARIAS JANSSEN
He developed microscope, guided by the principles
used for the invention of eyeglasses in earlier years.

THE OPTICAL INNOVATION

Growing immigrants during this time triggered
migration and urbanization leading to more
people becoming ill. The microscope was key
in discovering new means in preventing and
curing illnesses by magnifying objects that are
invisible to the naked eye.
 PAGE 14

TELESCOPE
Galileo Galilei
He improved the telescope. He invented the
tool which aids in seeing celestial bodies
clearly and also helped ship captains
navigate the sea; seeing far and wide areas to
escape from its dangers. Since the Middle
Ages was also regarded as the Age of
Exploration, this optical instrument which
helps view distant objects, has been of great
benefit to the navigators.
 PAGE 15

WAR
WEAPONS
People built cross bows and long bows
for open-area battles so that they
could target the enemy at long
distances, keeping themselves
protected with the defense of walls and
fortifications.
 DERN PERIO
MO D
15th century - 18th century

Pasteurization
Petroleum Refinery
Telephone
Calculator
 PASTEURIZATION
People during the modern period realized that
there’s a serious issue regarding the food
security and food safety

Food safety issues about:

Dairy Products
s

French biologist, microbiologist, and chemist Louis Pasteur has found a way to solve a
problem. He developed pasteurization, the method of heating dairy products to
destroy harmful bacteria,which helps them to spoil more easily.
-This was developed in 1864
 PERTROLEUM REFINERY
Animal oils production could not keep up with
the demand. In the face of this Problem.
Kerosene was invented by refining petroleum.

it was invented by Samuel M. Kier

Kerosene was later referred to as the

"illuminating oil," since at first it was used
to provide home illumination. It was applied for
heating purposes after a certain time. The
petroleum refinery industry was founded with
kerosene production.
 TELEPHONE
Governments required some form of
communication system that would
enable them to better administer their
states. Relevant day-to-day decisions
need to be discussed and answered as
soon as possible. Thus, Alexander
Graham Bell 's telephone Development
was one of the most significant
developments at the time.
 CALCULATOR
Calculator had already been built, and
circumstances in modern times
demanded a quicker way of
calculating more complex equations.
Computing tools do need to be easy
to handle, because they can be used
every day. The invention of modern
calculators not only paved the way for
simpler arithmetical calculations, but
also created more complicated
processing machines.
 FILIPI NO
INV EN TI ONS
SALAMANDER
AMPHIBIOUS
TRICYCLE.
Converting transport vehicles to something
more useful has become commonplace for
Filipinos. An example is the conversion of
American military jeeps used in World War II
to jeepneys, adding a sidecar to a vehicle,
turning it into a tricycle with more passengers
to handle. In several parts of the world
flooding is a normal occurrence during the
rainy season. Tricycles have a really hard time
navigating the streets. Victor Llave and his team at
H2O Technologies have been
able to develop the Salamander, but also rivers and
lakes, to answer the problem.
This can also be used for Island-to-Island
travel. Since the Philippines is an
archipelago, the Salamander is a useful innovation
with much promise.
SALt LAMP
As a developing country, one of the
big needs in the Philippines is electrification.
Electricity powers different machine types,
including light sources. Activities in many rural
areas of the world will stop when it is dark.
Traveling too becomes more dangerous. Luckily, a
young scientist from Philippines named Aisa
Mijeno was able to develop a lighting device using
a plentiful resource in the Philippines-saltwater.
She developed the Sustainable Alternative
Lighting (SALt) lamp, an environmentally friendly
source of light that works and does
not emit harmful gases. Apart from people living in
coastal areas, it can also help those
from far-flung barrios because by adding two
tablespoons of salt and a glass of tap
water, they can make their own saltwater
MEDICAL
INCUBATOR
High mortality rates of Newborn babies are a
major issue in the Philippines. One explanation
for this problem in the 20th century was the
lack of available incubators, due to a lack of
resources and electricity, particularly in far-flung
rural areas.
Dr. Fe del Mundo, a pediatrician from the
Philippines and the first Asian women admitted to
Harvard Medical School, built a medical
incubator made of indigenous and inexpensive
materials that do not operate on electricity. The
incubator was made by Dr. del Mundo by placing a
native laundry basket inside a larger one. In
order to provide ventilation, hot water bottles
were placed between baskets and an improvised
hood to allow oxygen circulation. Its main purpose
was to maintain suitable conditions for a newborn,
normally a preterm baby
MOSQUITO
OVICIDAL/
ARVICIDAL
TRAP
SYSTEM
In 2010, the Institute for Development of
Science and Technology-Industrial Technology
(DOSTI-ITDI) was able to introduce the Mosquito
Ovicidal / Larvicidal Trap System, also known as
OL Trap. This trap device consists of naturally
occurring components that are deadly to
mosquitoes but safe for people and climate.
E-JEEPNEY
The Jeepney ruled the streets of the
Philippines and is known as the primary form of
transportation for most Filipinos. Nevertheless,
the diesel-powered jeepney emits huge amounts
of black smoke, and due to its rudimentary
exhaust system is typically a major contributor to
noise pollution. The electric Jeepney (ejeepney)
was developed to combat these disadvantages.
This new method of transportation uses
electricity rather than costlier diesel. It is
environmentally friendly because there is no
smoke ad noise it releases.