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PHYSICS Projectttttttt

Uploaded by

Sathishree
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS

NAME: SATHISHREE. S

CLASS: XII-B

REG.NO: ________
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are overwhelmed in all humbleness and
gratefulness to acknowledge our depth to
all those who have helped us to put these
ideas, well above the level of simplicity and
into something concrete. We would also
like to thank our Principal Shri.
S.NEDUMARAN who often helped and gave
us support to carry out this project
successfully. We are very thankful to our
guide and physics teacher for
his valuable help He was always there to
show us the right track when we need his
help. With the help of his valuable
suggestions, guidance and encouragement
we were able to perform this project work.
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project / Dissertation


entitled ______________________ is a bonafide
work done by _______________________ of class
XII sessions 2023-24 and submitted for the Practical
Examination held at Amrita Vidyalayam Senior
Secondary School, Ettimadai on ________________.
CONTENTS
 Aim
 Apparatus Required
 Theory
 Procedure
 Observations
 Conclusions
 Precautions
 Bibliography
Aim:
To find out the refractive indices of different liquids
using a hollow prism.

Apparatus required:
 Hollow glass prism.
 Various liquids like Water, Carbon disulphide,
Benzaldehyde ..
 Bell pins.
 Drawing board.
Theory:
A prism is a transparent optical element with flat,
polished surfaces that refract light. Prisms can be
made from any material that is transparent
including glass, plastic and fluorite. A prism can be
used to break light up into its constituent spectral
colors. Prisms can also be used to reflect light, or to
split light into components with different
polarizations.

The refractive index of the


liquids Is given by the formula:
U=sini/sinr=sin((a+d)/2)/sin(a/2)
Where, ‘U’ is the refractive index of the liquid and
‘a’ is the angle of minimum deviation, ‘d’ is the
angle of prism, ‘i’ is the angle of incidence and ‘r’ is
the angle of refraction.
Procedure:
 Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board
with help of drawing pins
 Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as
ABC
 Drop a normal PQ on the side AB
 Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with
the normal PQ and place 2 pins so that they
appear to be in the straight line
 Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid
,on the marked outline ABC.
 Now take the pins and place them on the side
AC so that all the 4 pins appear to be in same
line.
 Remove the prism and draw the line joining the
points so obtained.
 Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
 Repeat this with different liquids and different
angle of incidence.
Observation:
 Benzaldehyde
SNO a°(angle of prism) i°(angle of incidence) d°(angle of deviation)

1 60 30 45

2 60 35 42

3 60 37.5 40

4 60 39 42

5 60 40 45

U=sin((60+40)/2)/sin(30) = 1.504
 Water
SNO a°(angle of prism) i°(angle of incidence) d°(angle of deviation)

1 60 30 25

2 60 35 22

3 60 40 20

4 60 45 22

5 60 50 25

6 60 55 28

U=sin((60+22)/2)/sin(30) = 1.306
 Dil. Sulpuric acid
SNO a°(angle of prism) i°(angle of incidence) d°(angle of deviation)

1 60 20 33

2 60 30 30

3 60 35 25

4 60 40 29

5 60 45 30

U=sin((60+25)/2)/sin(30) = 1.351
Conclusion:
Refractive indices at room temperature:
 Benzaldehyde
--- Actual: 1.546
---Experimental: 1.504
 Water
---Actual: 1.33
---Experimental: 1.306
 Dil . Sulphuric acid
---Actual: 1.355
---Experimental: 1.351
Precautions:
 Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60
degree.
 Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie
in same line.
 Distance b/w two points should not be less
than 10mm.
 Same angle of prism should be used for all
observation.
 Arrow head should be marked to represent
emergent and incident ray.
Bibliography:
 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.vedantu.com
 Class 12 Physics NCERT Textbook.

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