Excretion In Animals:
In animals many waste products like CO2,Urea, salts etc. are produced due To various
metabolic activities.These wastes need to be removed from the body regularly.
The process of removal of metabolic wastes from the body is known as excretion.
In unicellular organisms,the waste materials are removed by simple diffusion.
The excretory organs of fish are gills and kidney.Gills remove the nitrogenous wastes in the
form of ammonia.
Birds,reptiles and terrestrial insects excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid.
Humans and other land mammals excrete urea as nitrogenous waste products.
Excretion in humans:
The main excretory organ in humans is kidney.
Apart from kidneys, other organs like skin,Liver and lungs also help in excretion.
Kidneys eliminate nitrogenous wastes in the form of urine.They form part of a system known as
Urinary system.
Urinary System: This system has four main parts:-
1. Kidneys 2. Ureters 3. Urinary bladder 4. Urethra
Kidneys: These are two bean shaped reddish brown organs located on either side of the
vertebral column just above the waist. Each kidney contains upto one million of tiny filtering
units,called nephrons. Nephron filter out excess water,urea and salts from the blood.
Ureters: Ureters are narrow tubes which connect each kidney to Urinary bladder.
Urinary bladder: It is a muscular sac like structure where urine is stored temporarily.Its outlet is
closed by a ring of muscles called sphincter.
Urethra: It is a short muscular tube,leads from Urinary bladder to outside.Urethra is guarded by
sphincter.
An adult human passes about 1-2 litres of urine per day.
(Urinary system Of humans)
The Skin: The skin is richly supplied with blood Capillaries and is the part of excretory
system.Skin possess about 2-5 million of sweat glands under its surface.Water containing salts
and urea diffuses into these glands and removed through the tiny pores present on the skin in
the form of sweat.Sweating maintains our body temperature and keep our body cool.
The Liver: Liver is the largest gland of our body lying just below the lungs. It helps in disposal of
wastes from our body. It removes extra amino Acids after processing,called deamination, which
leads to production of urea.
Liver also play an important role in detoxification ( removal of toxic substances).
The Lungs: Lungs play an important role in removal of carbon di oxide from our body.
Short answer type question:
Q.1 Why is Transportation of material necessary for living organisms?
Ans. Transportation of materials is necessary in living organisms for their survival .Important
substances like food, water, O2 etc.have to be transported from one part of the body to another
to carry out the life processes.
Q.2 How does water move up in tall trees?
Ans. Water move up in tall trees by xylem vessels.The process by which water and minerals
are transported by xylem vessels from root and carried upward to stem,branches and leaves is
called ascent of sap.The two forces : root pressure and Transpiration pull are responsible for
uptake of water through Xylem in tall trees.
Q.3 What is the difference between Transpiration and translocation?
Ans. Transpiration is the process of loss of water in the form of water vapour from the aerial
parts of the plants and leaves while translocation is the process of Transportation of food
prepared by the leaves to other parts and storage organs of the Plants through phloem vessels.
Q.4 State two important functions of white blood Cells?
Ans. The two important function of white blood cells are:
1. They are important part of our body's defense or immune system.
2. They protect us from various pathogens and infections.
Q.5. Point out three differences between arteries and Veins.
Ans. Write this answer from book. Page no. 110
Q.6. What would happen if excretory waste products collected in our body?
Ans. As excretory waste products carry chemicals which release harmful toxins,they need to
be removed regularly from our body by excretory organs.If they are collected in our body,they
will create toxicity ,which will damage other vital organs of our body and eventually leads to
death.
