Solution

MOTION IN A PLANE WORK SHEET

Class 11 - Physics

1.
(b) 60°
–
Explanation: Given: |A⃗ × B⃗ | = √3(A⃗ ⋅ B⃗ )
–
∴ AB sin θ = √3AB cos θ
–
or tan θ = √3 ⇒ θ = 60 ∘

2.
(b) 120°
Explanation: Here P = Q = R
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
As R = √P + Q + 2P Q cos θ 2 2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2
P = √P + P + 2P . P cos θ

or P2 = 2 P2 (1 + cos θ)
or 1 + cos θ = 1

AS
= cos 120o or θ = 120o
1
or cos θ = − 2

−−
4
−−−−
3. (a) √ v

2
+ a
2

Explanation: Resultant acceleration OM

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
= √a + a
tangential radial

−−−−−−−−−
2
2 −−
4
−−−−
2 v v 2
= √a + ( ) = √ + a
r 2
r

4.
(d) − 1
TH

Explanation: A⃗ ⊥ B⃗ ⇒ A⃗ ⋅ B⃗ = 0
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
(2 i + 3 j + 8k) ⋅ (4 j − 4 i + αk) =0
2 × (−4) + 3 × 4 + 8α =0
1
as α = − 2
JI

5.
E
(c)
SA

Explanation: Initial kinetic energy,

E = mv 1

2
2

At the highest point, the particle has only the horizontal component of velocity u cos 45°. Therefore, its kinetic energy becomes
E' = 1

2
m(u cos 45°)2
= 1

2
mu
2
×
1

2
=
E

6.
(b) tan −1 1

Explanation: At θ = 45°,
2 2 ∘ 2
u sin 45 u
y = =
2g 4g
2 ∘ 2
1 u sin 90 u
x = ⋅ =
2 g 2g
y 1
∴ tan β = =
x 2

−1 1
⇒ β = tan ( )
2

7.
(b) 7 s
Explanation: uy = 50 sin30° = 25 ms-1
For vertical motion of the ball,
h = u t − gty
1

2
2

1/9
 -70 = 25×t − 1

2
× 10 × t
2

or -14 = 5t - t2
or t2 - 5t - 14 = 0
or (t + 2)(t - 7) = 0
∴ t = 7s (t ≠ -2)

8.
(d) 90°
Explanation: Given:
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
|A + B| = |A − B|

or |A⃗ + B⃗ | 2 ⃗ ⃗ 2
= |A − B|

or (A⃗ + B⃗ ) ⋅ (A⃗ + B⃗ ) ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ 2 ⃗ ⃗
= (A − B) ⋅ (A − B) [∵ |A| = A ⋅ A]

or A⃗ ⋅ A⃗ + A⃗ ⋅ B⃗ + B⃗ ⋅ A⃗ + B⃗ ⋅ B⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
= A ⋅ A − A ⋅ B − B ⋅ A + B ⋅ B
⃗

or A 2 ⃗ ⃗
+ 2A ⋅ B + B
2 2 ⃗ ⃗ 2 ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
= A − 2A ⋅ B + B [∵ B ⋅ A = A ⋅ B]

or 4A⃗ ⋅ B⃗ = 0 or 4 AB cos θ = 0
As A⃗ and B⃗ are non-zero vectors, so
cos θ = 0 or θ = 90o

AS
9.
(c) 23o W of N, 260 km/h
Explanation: This is a relative velocity problem with vectors. The image given is a scale drawing of the situation. Again the
vectors form a right triangle is given by:-
OM
TH
JI
SA

⃗
vP ⃗
= vP ⃗
+ vA/E
/E /A

As shown in the image, The pilot points the nose of the airplane at an angle β into the wind to compensate for the crosswind.
This angle, which tells us the direction of the vector v ⃗ P /A (the velocity of the airplane relative to the air), is one of our target
variables. The other target variable is the speed of the airplane over the ground, which is the magnitude of the vector v ⃗ P /E (the
velocity of the airplane relative to the earth). The known and unknown quantities are: v⃗P /E = is the magnitude unknown due
to North
v⃗
P /A= 240 km/h due to north
⃗
vA/E = 100 km/h due to east
We’ll solve for the target variables by using image and trigonometry. thus,
−−−−−−−−−−− −
vP /E
= √(240) + (100) = 260km/h
2 2

β = si n
−1
(
100

240
) = 23°
The pilot should point the airplane 23o west of north, and his ground speed will be 260 km/h.

10.
(c) 1 : 1
2

Explanation: Horizontal Range = U sin 2θ

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 2
R U sin 2θ1 sin 2θ1
A
= =
RB 2 sin 2θ2
U sin 2θ2

0
θ1 = 30

0
θ2 = 60
√3

RA
therefore, RB
=
sin 60

sin 120
=
2

√3
= 1

11. Given that the vectors A + B and A - B are perpendicular to each other, therefore the dot product of the vectors must be zero for
cos 90° = 0
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
(A + B) ⋅ (A − B) = 0

⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
A ⋅ A − A ⋅ B + B ⋅ A − B ⋅ B = 0

or A⃗ − B⃗ = 0
⇒ A = B

12. In hour hand of a watch (T) = 12h

2π
WH =
12

For rotation of earth T = 24h

2π
We =
24
24
⇒ WH : W e = = 2
12

WH = 2We

AS
13. Let θ be the angle of projection for which horizontal range and maximum height of a projectile are equal. Now,
2 2

H= u sin θ

2g
2

R= u sin2θ

So, if H = R
g
OM
2 2 2

then, u sin θ

2g
= u sin2θ

or, sin θ

2
= sin2θ

or, sin2 θ
= 2(2 sinθ cosθ)
TH

or tan θ = 4
or, θ = tan-1 (4)
14. Let θ be the angle of projection of projectile with the ground,
initial velocity u = 40 m/sec
vertical distance covered in 2 seconds = 20.4 m
JI

20.4 = u yt +
1

2
ay t
2
= 40 sin θ × 2 - 1

2
× 9.8 × 22
80 sin θ = 20.4 + 19.6
SA

sin θ = =
40

80
1

θ = 30o
0

Horizontal range R = 2u sin θ

g
=
2×40×sin 30

g
=
40

9.8
= 4.08 m
15. In the figure, A and B are two tall buildings that are 180 m apart. W1 and W2 are the two windows in A and B respectively.

Vertical downward distance to be covered by the ball,

= Height of W1 - Height of W2
= 55 - 10.9 = 44.1 m
Initial vertical velocity of ball,
uy = 0
As y = u yt +
1

2
gt
2

3/9
 1 2
∴ 44.1 = 0 + × 9.8t
2

Required horizontal velocity

=
Horizontal distance

Time
=
180 m

3 s
= 60 ms-1
16. For nth step,
net vertical displacement = nh
net horizontal displacement = nω

Let t be the time taken by the ball to reach the nth step. Then
R = ut

AS
or nω = ut
or t = nω

Also, y = u yt +
1

2
gt
2

2
or nh = 0 + 1
gt
2
=
1
g(
nω
)

or n = 2hu

2
2
2 2 u
OM
gω

17. Since we know that maximum height, H = u

2g
sin
2
θ ............(1)
Consider ΔH be the increase in H when u changes by Δu.
This can be obtained by differentiating equation (1), i.e.,
TH

2
2uΔu sin θ 2Δu
ΔH = = H
2g u

ΔH 2Δu
⇒ =
H u

It is given that % increase in H is 10%

Therefore, we can write, ΔH

H
=
10

100
= 0.1 ⇒
2Δu

u
= 0.1
2
JI

As, R = u sin 2θ

2uΔu
∵ ΔR = sin 2θ
g
SA

ΔR 2Δu
⇒ = = 0.1
R u

Therefore, percentage increase in horizontal range

ΔR
=
R
× 100 = 0.1 × 100 = 10%
18. As shown in figure, suppose two projectiles are thrown from the origin O of the XY-plane with velocities u1 and u2, making angle
θ1 and θ 2

respectively with X-axis. After time t, let the two projectiles occupy positions A (x1, x2) and B(x2, y2). Then
x1 = u1 cos θ1 ⋅ t

and y1 = u 1
sin θ1 ⋅ t −
1

2
gt
2

Also, x2 = u 2 cos θ2 ⋅ t

and y2 = u 2 sin θ2 ⋅ t −
1

2
gt
2

∴ x2 - x1 = (u 2 cos θ2 − u1 cos θ1 ) t

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 y2 - y1 = (u 2 sin θ2 − u1 sin θ1 ) t

y2 − y1 u2 sin θ2 − u1 sin θ1
or x2 − x1
=
u2 cos θ2 − u1 cos θ1
= m(a constant)
If (x, y) be the coordinates of point B relative to the point A, then
x2 - x1 = x and y2 - y1 = y
y
∴
x
= m or y = mx
This is the equation of a straight line. Hence the motion of a projectile as seen from another projectile is a straight line motion.
19. When the bomb is dropped, it will have an initial horizontal velocity which is equal to the speed of the aeroplane. The velocity of
the aeroplane in the horizontal direction is
ux = 600 km/h = 600 × = m/s
5

18
500

Velocity remains constant throughout the flight of the body.

Initial vertical velocity, uy = 0 and y = h = 1960 m
Let t = time taken by the body to reach the ground.
Now, y = uyt + g t 1

2
2

1 2
∴ 1960 = × 9.8 × t
2
−
− −
−
1960 −−−
⇒ t = √ = √400 = 20 s
4.9

In 20 sec, the horizontal distance travelled is AB and is given by:

AS
AB = u t = x × 20
500

3
10000
=
3
= 3333 m = 3.33 km
20. Let P and Q be the two forces
We know that resultant of two vectors has maximum magnitude for the sum of vectors and minimum magnitude for the difference
of vectors
OM
Greatest resultant, R1 = P + Q = 29 N
Least resultant, R2 =P - Q = 5 N
P + Q = 29
TH

P-Q=5
Solving Eqs.(i) and (ii), we get
P = 17 N, Q = 12 N
When each force is increased by 3 N, then
P' = P + 3 = 17 + 3 = 20 N
JI

Q' = 12 + 3 = 15 N
The resultant of new force,
−−−−−−−−− − −−−−−− −−
= 25 N
SA

′ 2 2
R = √(20) + (15) = √400 + 225

Let the resultant r, makes an angle θ with P', then,

15
tan θ = = 0.75
20

−1 ∘ ′
⇒ θ = tan (0.75) = 36 52

Thus, the resultant of two new forces P' and Q' is 25N and angle made by the resultant with P' is 36°52'.
and when the angle of projection is (90∘ − α ), the
2 2

21. i. When the angle of projection is α , the maximum height is H1 = u sin

2g
α

maximum height is given by:

2 2 ∘ 2 2
u sin ( 90 −α) u cos α
H2 = 2g
= 2g

= tan2α
H1 2

Therefore, the ratio of maximum heights attained by them will be equal to: H2
= sin

2
α

cos α

and when the angle of projection is (90∘ − α ), the

2
u sin 2α
ii. When the angle of projection is α , the horizontal range is R1 = g

horizontal range is given by:

2 ∘ 2 ∘
u sin 2( 90 −α) u sin( 180 −2α) 2
u sin 2α
R2 = g
= g
= g

Therefore, R1 : R2 = 1 : 1

22. Given: Horizontal Range, R = 3 km = 3000 m

Angle of projection, θ = 30°
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8m/s 2

Horizontal range for the projection velocity u , is given by the relation: 0

5/9
 2
u sin 2θ
R=
g
2
u
0 ∘
3000 = sin 60
g

2
u √3
0
3000 = ×
g 2
2
u
–
.........(i)
0
= 2√3 × 1000
g

The maximum range (Rmax is achieved by the bullet when it is fired at an angle of 45 with the horizontal)
∘

2
u

Rmax =
g
0
.........(ii)
On comparing equations (i) and (ii), we get:
–
Rmax = 2√3 × 1000 = 2 × 1.732 × 1000 = 3.46 km

Hence by keeping the same muzzle speed u, one can not hit a target which is 5 km away just by changing projection angle.
23. Consider a boy standing at position P at a horizontal distance 78.4m from the window, he throws a ball with a velocity u at an
angle θ with the horizontal which just enters window W at a height 39.2 m.

AS
For the maximum Height of projectile, we have the relation,
2 2

H= u sin θ

2g
2 2
OM
⇒ 39.2m =
u sin

2g
θ
........(i)
2

and horizontal range, R = u sin 2θ

g
2

⇒ 2 × 78.4 =
u sin 2θ

g
...........(ii)
Dividing Equations (i) and (ii), we get
TH

2 2 g
u sin θ 39.2
× =
2g u2 2 sin θ cos θ 2×78.4

1 1 ∘
⇒ tan θ = ⇒ θ = 45
4 4

Substituting θ = 45° in Eq. (ii), we get

2 ∘
u sin 90
= 2 × 78.4
JI

9.8
−−−−−−−−−− −
⇒ u = √2 × 78.4 × 9.8 = 39.2 m/s
Hence, the ball should be projected at an angle of 45° with an initial speed of 39.2 m/s.
SA

24. Let u be the muzzle speed of the bullet fired from the gun (on the top of the tower) at an angle θ with the horizontal, as shown in
Figure.
Clearly, the total range of firing on the ground is
2
u sin 2θ
x = + 100 cot θ
g
2
dx u ×2 cos 2θ 2
∴ = +100 × (− cosec θ)
dθ g
2
2u 2 100
= (1 − 2 sin θ) −
g 2
sin θ
100
= 4500 - 9000 sin 2
θ−
2
sin θ

For x to be maximum,
dx
= 0
dθ

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 4500 - 9000 sin 2
θ−
100

2
= 0
sin θ

4 2
90 sin θ − 45 sin θ+ 1 = 0

2
45± √(−45) −4×90×1

or sin 2
θ=
2×90
45±40.80
=
180

Taking only positive sign,

sin2 θ = 0.4767
or sin θ = 0.6904
or θ = 43.7o
25. If the two projectiles are thrown with velocities u1 and u2 at angle θ and θ with horizontal, then their maximum heights will be
1 2

2 2 2 2
u sin θ1 u sin θ2

H1 =
1

2g
and H 2 =
2

2g

But H1 = H2
2 2 2 2
u sin θ1 u sin θ2
1 2
∴ =
2g 2g

or u1sinθ = u2 sinθ ..... (i)

1 2

Times of flight for the two projectiles are

2u1 sin θ1 2u2 sin θ2
T1 = and T 2
=

AS
g g

Making use of equation (i), we get

2u1 sin θ1 2u2 sin θ2
T1 = T2 = g
=
g

Times taken to reach the highest point in the two cases will be OM
u1 sin θ1 u2 sin θ2
t1 =
g
and t 2 =
g

u1 sin θ1 u2 sin θ2
∴ t1 + t2 = g
+
g

2u1 sin θ1 2u2 sin θ2

=
g
or
g
[using (i)]
or [t1 + t2 = Time of flight of either projectile.
TH

26.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.
27.
(c) A is true but R is false.
JI

Explanation: As time of flight,

2u sin θ 2(mu) sin θ
T= ∴ T' = = nT
SA

g g

But range
= n2R
2 2 2
u sin 2θ n u sin 2θ
R= g
∴ R' = g

28.
(d) Both A and R are false.
Explanation: If a body is projected from a place above the surface of earth, then for the maximum range, the angle of
projection should be slightly less than 45o.
29.
(c) A is true but R is false.
g
Explanation: The equation of the trajectory of a projectile is y = x tan θ − 1

2 2 2
2
x . Thus y component depends on
u cos θ

x component.
30.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: If a physical quantity is a vector, it must have a direction but converse may or may not be true. It means if a
physical quantity has direction it may or may not be vector e.g. pressure, surface tension, current, etc. have direction but are not
vectors.
31.
(d) A is false but R is true.

7/9
 Explanation: A is false but R is true.
At the highest point, the instantaneous velocity is acting horizontally and acceleration of projectile (acceleration due to gravity)
is acting vertically downward. Therefore, angle between velocity and acceleration at the highest point is 90°.
32.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.
33.
–
(b) v√2
Explanation: Velocity at A, v ⃗ = v^j
Velocity at B, v ⃗ 2
^
= −v i

Change in velocity,
⃗ − v ⃗ = −v ^
Δv ⃗ = v2 i − vj
^
1
−−−−−−−−−− − –
2 2
|Δv|⃗ = √(−v ) + (−v ) = v √2

34.
(c) 2^i − 3^j
Explanation: X component remains unchanged while Y component reverses sign.
⃗ ^ ^
∴ vB = 2 i − 3j

AS
35.
(d) d ⃗ + e ⃗ = f ⃗
Explanation:
Clearly,
⃗
d + e⃗ = f
⃗
OM
TH

36.
(c) 1
JI

Explanation: OP = OQ cos60o = 2R × 1

2
= R
SA

Heights through which the two particles fall,

∘ R
h1 = OP cos 60 =
2

h2 = OQ = 2R
−
− −
− −− −−−
v1 2gh1 h1 R/2
1
∴ = √ = √ = √ =
v2 2gh2 h2 2R 2

37.
(d) 17.3 m/s
Explanation:
From the figure,
y
= tan α
x

y = x tan α

Differentiating w.r.t. time t,

dy dx
= tan
dx dt

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 vy = vx tan α = 10 tan60o

= 17.32 ms-1
–
= 10√3 = 10 × 1.732

38. (a) Both Loses its energy and momentum

Explanation: Air resistance is a dissipative force. In the presence of air resistance opposing motion, any object will lose some
part of its initial energy and consequently, momentum too.
39. (b) Option (i)
Explanation: the x-component of the velocity remains constant and it is only the y-component that undergoes a continuous
change
40. (b) Option (ii)
Explanation: Option (ii)
41. (d) Option (iv)
2
u sin 2θ0
Explanation: Range = g
2
(u sin θ0 )
Maximum height = 2g

In both cases g is in denominator.

g is maximum at Jupiter. So, range and maximum height, of a projectile, both will be minimum at Jupiter.

AS
42. (c)
OM
TH

Explanation: Explanation: In the presence of air resistance, both the range and the maximum height will get affected. It means
the range will be less than the value calculated from equation
2
u sin 2θ0
R =
g

Maximum height attained will also be less than the value predicted by the equation
JI

2
(u sin θ0 )
Hmax =
2g

43. (b) a javelin thrown by an athlete

SA

Explanation: A javelin thrown by an athlete is an example of projectile motion.

44. (c) constant
Explanation: The horizontal component of velocity (u cos θ) is constant throughout the motion, so there is a constant
acceleration.
45. (c) zero
Explanation: As the vertical components of velocity (u sin θ) decreases continuously with height, from O to H, due to
downward force of gravity and becomes zero at H.
46. (d) 2.9 s
Explanation: The time taken to return to the same level,
2v0 sin θ ∘
2×28×sin 30
T = = ≈ 2.9 s
g 9.8

47. (b) 69 m
Explanation: The distance from the thrower to the point where the ball returns to the same level is
2
v sin 2θ ∘
0 28×28×sin 60
R= = ≈ 69 m
g 9.8

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