Introduction

Chapter One
1. Introduction (4 hours)
1. Loading Software, Screen organization
2. Entering commands: menus, command line, function keys
3. Commands and System Variables
4. Coordinate System: entering distances and angles
5. Starting a new drawing: naming, and saving, ending session
Advantages of CAD

• Drawings are more Accurate

• Ease of modification / edit drawings

• Standardisation of drawings

• Drawings can be sent over large distances using e-mail

• Ability to use a library of commonly used shapes/drawings

• 3D rendering of objects is possible

Advantages of CAD

• Drawings are more Accurate

• Ease of modification / edit drawings

• Standardisation of drawings

• Drawings can be sent over large distances using e-mail

• Ability to use a library of commonly used shapes/drawings

• 3D rendering of objects is possible

 • COMMAND: POINT OR PO
Creating Points in AutoCAD • TOOLBAR: DRAW > POINT
• MENU BAR: DRAW > POINT
Command: point<ENTER>
• TOOL PALETTES:DRAW > POINT
Specify a point: 3,0<ENTER>
Command: point<ENTER>
Specify a point: 2,4<ENTER>
Command: point<ENTER>
Specify a point: 4,4<ENTER> (2,4) (4,4)
Command: <ENTER>

(3,0)
 •
Creating Lines In AutoCAD •
COMMAND: LINE OR L
TOOLBAR: DRAW > LINE
• MENU BAR: DRAW > LINE
• TOOL PALETTES:DRAW > LINE
Command: line<ENTER>
Specify first point: 3,1<ENTER>
Specify next point or [Undo]: 3,6<ENTER>
Specify next point or [Undo]: 4,6<ENTER>
(3,6) (4,6)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-4<ENTER>
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @1,0<ENTER>
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @1,1<ENTER>
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 1<0<ENTER>
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: u<ENTER> (6,3)
(7,3)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @1<0<ENTER> (4,2)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @2<270<ENTER>
(5,2)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: close<ENTER>
(3,1) (7,1)

Tip: Use CLOSE command to create closed polygon

Use U command to undo last step
Creating Construction Lines in AutoCAD
Command: xline<ENTER> • COMMAND: XLINE OR XL
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: h<ENTER> • TOOLBAR: DRAW > CONSTRUCTION LINE
Specify through point: 1,1<ENTER>
Specify through point: <ENTER> • MENU BAR: DRAW > CONSTRUCTION LINE
…. • TOOL PALETTES: DRAW > CONSTRUCTION LINE
Command: xline<ENTER>
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: a<ENTER>
Enter angle of xline (0) or [Reference]: 135<ENTER>
Specify through point: 5,5<ENTER>
Specify through point: <ENTER>
Command: xline<ENTER>
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: b<ENTER>
Specify angle vertex point: <SELECT THE ANGLE VERTEX>
Specify angle start point: <SELECT A POINT ON THE ANGLE START LINE>
Specify angle end point: <SELECT A POINT ON THE ANGLE END LINE>
Specify angle end point: <ENTER>
Command: xline<ENTER>
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: o<ENTER>
Specify offset distance or [Through] <Through>: 5<ENTER>
Select a line object: <SELECT A LINE>
Specify side to offset: <CLICK ON EITHER SIDE>
Select a line object: <ENTER>
 • COMMAND: CIRCLE OR C
• TOOLBAR: DRAW > CIRCLE
• MENU BAR: DRAW > CIRCLE
Creating Circles In AutoCAD • TOOL PALETTES:DRAW > CIRCLE

1. The Center and Radius Option

Command: CIRCLE<ENTER>
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 3,2<ENTER>
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: 1<ENTER>

2. The Center and Diameter Option

Command: CIRCLE<ENTER>
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2,3<ENTER>
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <5.0000>: d<ENTER>
Specify diameter of circle <10.0000>: 2<ENTER>
 • COMMAND: CIRCLE OR C
• TOOLBAR: DRAW > CIRCLE
• MENU BAR: DRAW > CIRCLE
Creating Circles In AutoCAD • TOOL PALETTES:
CIRCLE
DRAW >

3. The Two Point Option

Command: CIRCLE<ENTER>
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2p<ENTER>
Specify first end point of circle's diameter:1,1<ENTER>
Specify second end point of circle's diameter:2,1<ENTER>

4. The Three Point Option

Command: CIRCLE<ENTER>
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 3P<ENTER>
Specify first point on circle: 3,3<ENTER>
Specify second point on circle: 3,1<ENTER>
Specify third point on circle: 4,2<ENTER>
 • COMMAND: ARC OR A
• TOOLBAR: DRAW
> ARC
• MENU BAR: DRAW > ARC
Creating Arcs In AutoCAD • TOOL PALETTES:DRAW > ARC
3. The Start, Center, Angle Option

Command: ARC<ENTER>
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: 3,2<ENTER>
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: C<ENTER>
Specify center point of arc: 2,2<ENTER>
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: A<ENTER>
Specify included angle: 60<ENTER>

4. The Start, Center, Length Option

Command: ARC<ENTER>
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: 3,2<ENTER>
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: C<ENTER>
Specify center point of arc: 2,2<ENTER>
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: L<ENTER>
Specify length of chord: 2<ENTER>
 Creating Arcs In AutoCAD • COMMAND: ARC OR A
5. The Start, End, Angle Option
• TOOLBAR: DRAW
> ARC
• MENU BAR: DRAW > ARC
• TOOL PALETTES:DRAW > ARC

6. The Start, End, Direction Option

 Creating Arcs In AutoCAD • COMMAND: ARC OR A
7. The Start, End, Radius Option
• TOOLBAR: DRAW
> ARC
• MENU BAR: DRAW > ARC
• TOOL PALETTES:DRAW > ARC

8. The Center, Start, End Option

 Creating Arcs In AutoCAD • COMMAND: ARC OR A
9. The Center, Start, Angle Option
• TOOLBAR: DRAW
> ARC
• MENU BAR: DRAW > ARC
• TOOL PALETTES:DRAW > ARC

10. The Center, Start, Length Option

 • COMMAND: ELLIPSE
• TOOLBAR: DRAW
> ELLIPSE
• MENU BAR: DRAW > ELLIPSE
Creating Ellipse In AutoCAD • TOOL PALETTES: DRAW > ELLIPSE
1. The Axis and Endpoint Option

Command: ELLIPSE<ENTER>
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: 3,3<ENTER>
Specify other endpoint of axis: 6,3<ENTER>
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 1<ENTER>

2. The Axis and Rotation Option

Command: ELLIPSE<ENTER>
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: 3,3<ENTER>
Specify other endpoint of axis: 6,3<ENTER>
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: R<ENTER>
Specify rotation around major axis: 60<ENTER>
 • COMMAND: ELLIPSE
• TOOLBAR: DRAW
> ELLIPSE
• MENU BAR: DRAW > ELLIPSE
Creating Ellipse In AutoCAD • TOOL PALETTES: DRAW > ELLIPSE
3. The Center and Two Axes Option

Command: ELLIPSE<ENTER>
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: C<ENTER>
Specify center of ellipse: 4,4<ENTER>
Specify endpoint of axis: 6,4<ENTER>
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 1<ENTER>
 • COMMAND: ELLIPSE >ARC
• TOOLBAR: DRAW >
ELLIPSE ARC
• MENU BAR: DRAW > ELLIPSE ARC
Creating Elliptical
1. The Start and End Angle Option
Arcs • TOOL PALETTES:DRAW > ELLIPSE ARC

Command: ELLIPSE<ENTER>
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: A<ENTER>
Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: 3,3<ENTER>
Specify other endpoint of axis: 6,3<ENTER>
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 1<ENTER>
Specify start angle or [Parameter]: -45<ENTER>
Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: 135<ENTER>
2. The Start and Included Angle Option

Command: ELLIPSE<ENTER>
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: A<ENTER>
Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: 3,3<ENTER>
Specify other endpoint of axis: 6,3<ENTER>
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 1<ENTER>
Specify start angle or [Parameter]: -45<ENTER>
Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: I<ENTER>
Specify included angle for arc <180>: 225<ENTER>
 • COMMAND: ELLIPSE >ARC
• TOOLBAR: DRAW >
ELLIPSE ARC
• MENU BAR: DRAW > ELLIPSE ARC
Creating Elliptical Arcs • TOOL PALETTES:DRAW > ELLIPSE ARC

3. The Start and End Parameters Option

Command: ELLIPSE<ENTER>
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: A<ENTER>
Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: 3,3<ENTER>
Specify other endpoint of axis: 6,3<ENTER>
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 1<ENTER>
Specify start angle or [Parameter]: P<ENTER>
Specify start parameter or [Angle]: @1,0<ENTER>
Specify end parameter or [Angle/Included angle]: 1<225<ENTER>
 • COMMAND: RECTANG
• TOOLBAR: DRAW >
RECTANGLE
• MENU BAR: DRAW > RECTANGLE
Creating Rectangles
1. Simple Rectangle Option • TOOL PALETTES:DRAW > RECTANGLE

Command: RECTANG<ENTER>
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
3,3<ENTER>
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: 6,5<ENTER>

2. Chamfer Rectangle Option

Command: RECTANG<ENTER>
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
C<ENTER>
Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles <2.0000>: 2<ENTER>
Specify second chamfer distance for rectangles <3.0000>: 3<ENTER>
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
0,0<ENTER>
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: 15,10<ENTER>
 • COMMAND: RECTANG
• TOOLBAR: DRAW >
RECTANGLE
• MENU BAR: DRAW > RECTANGLE
Creating Rectangles
3. Fillet Rectangle Option • TOOL PALETTES:DRAW > RECTANGLE

Command: RECTANG<ENTER>
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
F<ENTER>
Specify fillet radius for rectangles <2.0000>: 2<ENTER>
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
0,0<ENTER>
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: 8,6<ENTER>

4. Width Rectangle Option

Command: RECTANG<ENTER>
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
W<ENTER>
Specify line width for rectangles <0.0000>: 2<ENTER>
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
0,0<ENTER>
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: 10,8<ENTER>
 • COMMAND: RECTANG
• TOOLBAR: DRAW >
RECTANGLE
• MENU BAR: DRAW > RECTANGLE
Creating Rectangles
5. Thickness Rectangle Option • TOOL PALETTES:DRAW > RECTANGLE

Command: RECTANG<ENTER>
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
T<ENTER>
Specify thickness for rectangles <0.0000>: 5<ENTER>
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
0,0<ENTER>
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: 15,10<ENTER>

6. Elevation Rectangle Option

Command: RECTANG<ENTER>
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
E<ENTER>
Specify the elevation for rectangles <0.0000>: 5<ENTER>
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
0,0<ENTER>
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: 6,4<ENTER>
 • COMMAND: RECTANG
• TOOLBAR: DRAW >
RECTANGLE
• MENU BAR: DRAW > RECTANGLE
Creating Rectangles • TOOL PALETTES:DRAW > RECTANGLE

*For these options refer the theory notes

7. Area Options

8. Dimensions Options

9. Rotation Options
 • COMMAND: POLYGON
• TOOLBAR: DRAW >
POLYGON
• MENU BAR: DRAW > POLYGON
Creating Polygons
1. Center of the Polygon Option • TOOL PALETTES:DRAW > POLYGON

Command: POLYGON<ENTER>
Enter number of sides <4>: 8<ENTER>
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: 4,4<ENTER>
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: I<ENTER>
Specify radius of circle: 1.5<ENTER>

2. The Edge Option

Command: POLYGON<ENTER>
Enter number of sides <8>: 6<ENTER>
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: E<ENTER>
Specify first endpoint of edge: 2,4<ENTER>
Specify second endpoint of edge: 2,2.5<ENTER>
 • COMMAND: PLINE OR PL
• TOOLBAR: DRAW
> POLYLINE
• MENU BAR: DRAW > POLYLINE
Creating Polyline In AutoCAD • TOOL PALETTES: DRAW > POLYLINE

Command: pl
PLINE
Specify start point: 1,1
Current line-width is 0.0000
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 5,4
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: w
Specify starting width <0.0000>: 2
Specify ending width <2.0000>: 9,0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: a
Specify endpoint of arc or
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]:
Specify endpoint of arc or
 • COMMAND: SPLINE OR SPL
• TOOLBAR: DRAW
> SPLINE
• MENU BAR: DRAW > SPLINE
Creating Spline In AutoCAD • TOOL PALETTES:DRAW > SPLINE
1. Specify POINTS and FIT
Command: spl
SPLINE
Specify first point or [Object]: 2,2
Specify next point: 4,4
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: 6,2
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:
Specify start tangent:
Specify end tangent:
 Creating Spline In AutoCAD
2. Specify POINTS and FIT Tolerance
Command: spl
SPLINE
Specify first point or [Object]: 2,2
Specify next point: 4,4
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: f
Specify fit tolerance <0.0000>: 1
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: 6,2
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:
Specify start tangent:
Specify end tangent:
 • COMMAND: SPLINE OR SPL
• TOOLBAR: DRAW
> SPLINE
• MENU BAR: DRAW > SPLINE
Modifying Spline In AutoCAD • TOOL PALETTES:DRAW > SPLINE
3. Control Vertices Method
Command: splinedit
Select spline:
Enter an option [Fit data/Close/Move vertex/Refine/rEverse/Undo]: m
Specify new location or [Next/Previous/Select point/eXit] <N>:
Specify new location or [Next/Previous/Select point/eXit] <N>:

Specify new location or [Next/Previous/Select point/eXit] <N>:

Specify new location or [Next/Previous/Select point/eXit] <N>:

Specify new location or [Next/Previous/Select point/eXit] <N>:

Specify new location or [Next/Previous/Select point/eXit] <P>:

Specify new location or [Next/Previous/Select point/eXit] <P>:

Specify new location or [Next/Previous/Select point/eXit] <P>:

COMPUTER AIDED
DRAWING
Chapter Three
3. Modifying Commands (8 hours)
3.1 Erasing the Object
3.2 Creating multiple Objects
3.3 Scaling the Object
3.4 Creating Chamfer and Fillet
3.5 Trimming and Extending of the Object
3.6 Breaking and Dividing
3.7 Modifying colors, styles, etc. the Object
3. Modifying Commands
3.1 Erasing the Object
Commands: Erase
Erases or Delete the selected objects. You can get the same
effect by selecting objects and hitting Delete key.

Procedure
Command: erase
Command: select object to erase
Polyline (pline) Vs line
 The PLINE command allows you to create "grouped" objects that can be
extruded, given line width on the screen, and can contain arc segments.

 Since it is harder to create objects from Polylines, it is usually easier to create

the object out of standard lines, arcs, and circles and then convert it to Polylines
using Pedit's Join option.

 A rectangle created with the line command consists of four separate

entities. The sample rectangle created with one continuous polyline would be
treated by AutoCAD as a single entity.
 Line is just one straight segment, Polyline is a series of segments (lines or arcs)
 Line can be 3D, plain Polyline cannot (there are also 3DPolylines)
 You can convert Lines to Polylines (e.g. with PEDIT) and Polylines to Lines
(with EXPLODE)
Move command
3.2 Creating multiple Objects
 Copy option
3.2 Creating multiple Objects
 Offset command
3.2 Creating multiple Objects
3.2 Creating multiple Objects
3.2 Creating multiple Objects
Rectangular array Polar array
3.3 Scaling the Object
3.4 Creating Chamfer and Fillet
 Fillet
3.4 Creating Chamfer and Fillet
 Chamfer
3.5 Trimming and Extending of the Object
3.5 Trimming and Extending of the Object
3.6 Breaking and Dividing
3.6 Breaking and Dividing
Ddptype: to change the point type
COMPUTER AIDED
DRAWING
Chapter Four
4. Drawing Aids and Tools (8 hours)
4.1 Setting up Units and Limits
4.2 Using Ortho, Grids and Snap
4.3 Help and Undo Commands
4.4 Display Commands
4.5 Creating Isometric Drawing
4.1 Setting up Units and Limits
Drawing Units:
For starting AutoCAD command UNITS:
- Type Units on the command line.
In either case, the units dialog box opens.

-Units command in AutoCAD used to select

units of measurement( length; angle; precision)
for the objects that you are drawing.
 4.1 Setting up Units and Limits
Drawing Limits:
You use drawing limits to predetermine the size of the drawing area. The drawing
limits represent the coordinates of the lower left and the upper right corners of a
rectangle in terms of x and y coordinates.
Command: Limits
At the Specify Lower Left Corner or [ON/OFF] prompt, you can press enter to keep the
default 0, 0 coordinates or you can type the new coordinates x, y that you want to use to identify the
lower left corner of your drawing.
At the Specify Upper Right Corner prompt, type X, Y coordinates that you want to use to
identify the upper right corner of your drawing area.

Zoom>All command from View menu to display the actual drawing area defined by
the new drawing limits.
4.2 Using Ortho, Grids and Snap
• Ortho mode command( ortho )
Ortho mode restricts movements to horizontal and vertical directions.

• Grid display command (Grid)

Displays grids with spacing that you specify.

• Object snap command (snap)

Snaps to exiting objects on the screen.
Polar Snaps
work
independently
from snaps.
With Polar
Snaps on,
AutoCAD
shows the
distances and
angles being
displayed as
the cursor
moves.
4.3 Help and Undo Commands
4.4 Display Commands
1. Zoom command
4.4 Display Commands
2.
4.4 Display Commands
List Commands
4.5 Creating Isometric Drawing
COMPUTER AIDED
DRAWING
Chapter Five
5. Fine Tuning Drawings and Grouping (4 hours)
5.1 Hatching Command
5.2 Working with Layers
5.3 Creating and Inserting Blocks
5.1 Hatching Command
5.1 Hatching Command
Different between the boundary and the region command
5.2 Working with Layers

• The concept of layers is very important in AutoCAD and the correct

use of layers can make your drawing much easier to work with.
• Basically, layers are the computer equivalent of tracing overlays on a
drawing board.
• However, layers are much more powerful because you can have many
layers in a single drawing and you can control
the visibility, colour and linetype of layers independently
5.3 Creating and Inserting Blocks
COMPUTER AIDED
DRAWING
Chapter Six
6. Working with Text and Dimensions (4 hours)
6.1 Inserting Text on drawing
6.2 Dimension Styles, Dimensioning Commands,
Tolerance, Limits, Dimension Setup, Dimension
Variables, Dimension Scale
6.1 Inserting Text on drawing
• TEXT COMMAND • MTEXT COMMAND
• It helps to input single line text • It helps to input multi line text
object. object
• The Text command can also enter • Mtext command is different from
multiple lines of text, but each line the Text command, Mtext input
of text is a separate entity, and multiline paragraphed text. As the
they can be selected or edited text is an entity, you can only
respectively select and editor the entire text.
COMPUTER AIDED
DRAWING
Chapter Seven
7. Working with Three Dimensional Drawing (12 hours)
7.1 Wireframe, Surface and Solid Modeling
7.2 Creating 3D Drawing using THICKNESS and ELEVATION Commands
7.3 Solid Modeling, Standard
7.4 Creating 3D Drawing using EXTRUDE Command
7.5 Standard Solid Editing Commands
7.6 3D Modifying Commands: move, rotate, mirror, array
7.7 Shading and Rendering and their Options, Motion Path Animations
7.1 Wireframe, Surface and Solid Modeling
A 3-D model defined by surfaces. The surface
consists of polygons. (See facets.)
Surface
Model

A 3-D model creating using solid 'building blocks'.

This is the most accurate way of representing real-
Solid Model world objects in CAD.

A 3-D shape that is defined by lines and curves.

Wire-frame A skeletal representation. Hidden line removal is
Model not possible with this model.
 Wireframes model

A wireframe model is a skeletal description of a 3D

object. There are no surfaces in a wireframe model; it
consists only of points, lines, and curves that describe the
edges of the object. With AutoCAD you can create
wireframe models by positioning 2D (planar) objects
anywhere in 3D space. AutoCAD also provides some 3D
wireframe objects, such as 3D polylines (that can only
have a CONTINUOUS linetype) and splines. Because
each object that makes up a wireframe model must be
independently drawn and positioned, this type of
modeling can be the most time-consuming.
Surfaces model
Surface modeling is more sophisticated than
wireframe modeling in that it defines not only
the edges of a 3D object, but also its surfaces.
The AutoCAD surface modeler defines faceted
surfaces using a po-lygonal mesh. Because the
faces of the mesh are planar, the mesh can only
approximate curved surfaces. With Mechanical
Desktop, you can create true curved surfaces.
To differentiate these two types of sur-faces,
AutoCAD calls faceted surfaces, meshes.
Solid model
Solid modeling is the easiest type of 3D modeling to
use. With the AutoCAD solid modeler, you can make
3D objects by creating basic 3D shapes: boxes, cones,
cylinders, spheres, wedges, and tori (do-nuts). You can
then combine these shapes to create more complex
solids by joining or subtracting them or finding their
intersecting (over-lapping) volume. You can also create
solids by sweeping a 2D object along a path or
revolving it about an axis.
NOTE: Because each modeling type uses a different
method for constructing 3D models and editing
methods vary in their effect on the different model
types, it is recommended that you not mix modeling
methods.
7.2 Creating 3D Drawing using THICKNESS and ELEVATION Commands

Although AutoCAD has a number of

commands for creating special
3D objects, a lot can be achieved by
changing the properties of basic 2D
objects like polylines. Most 2D objects
can be given a thickness using
the thickness option in the Propertie
command. Although objects with a
thickness can be said to be extruded,
this should not be confused with
the EXTRUDE command which
creates solid extrusions
7.3 Solid Modeling
What is Solid Modeling?
Solid modeling is the most advanced method of geometric modeling in three dimensions.
Solid modeling is the representation of the solid parts of the object on your computer. The
typical geometric model is made up of wire frames that show the object in the form of
wires. This wire frame structure can be two dimensional, two and half dimensional or
three dimensional. Providing surface representation to the wire three dimensional views
of geometric models makes the object appear solid on the computer screen and this is
what is called as solid modeling.

Advantages of Solid Modeling

Solid modeling is one of the most important applications of the CAD software and it has
been becoming increasingly popular of late. The solid modeling CAD software helps the
designer to see the designed object as if it were the real manufactured product. It can be
seen from various directions and in various views. This helps the designer to be sure that
the object looks exactly as they wanted it to be. It also gives additional vision to the
designer as to what more changes can be done in the object.
7.4 Creating 3D Drawing using EXTRUDE Command
7.5 Standard Solid Editing Commands
7.5 Standard Solid Editing Commands
7.5 Standard Solid Editing Commands
COMMAND INPUT ICON DESCRIPTION

UNION Joins two or more solids into creating one based on the
UNION / UNI total geometry of all.

Subtracts one or more solids from another creating a solid

SUBTRACT based on the remaining geometry.
SUBTRACT / SU

Creates a single solid from one more solids based on the

INTERSECT intersected geometry.
INTERSECT / IN

EXTRUDE Allows you to increase the size of a solid by extruding out

SOLIDEDIT one of its faces.
FACE
Slices a solid along a cutting plane.
SLICE SLICE

Aligns 2 3D Objects in 3D space.

3D ALIGN 3DALIGN
7.6 3D Modifying Commands: move, rotate, mirror, array

• Move, rotate, mirror, array are same as the 2D. (look at the 2D slide)
• Extrude, move, rotate, offset, taper, copy, delete are editing
command.
7.7 Shading and Rendering and their Options, Motion Path Animations

The process of generating a shaded

image of how geometry might look
under a given set of lighting
conditions, and based on a given
set of materials, is called
"rendering." Architects frequently
provide rendered images of
buildings to their customers as part
of the design process. Mechanical
designers often provide rendered
images of components prior to
producing them.
Motion Path Animations
• Motion path animations, such as 3D animated walk-throughs of a
model, allow you to visually demonstrate a model to both a technical
and non-technical audience. You can record and play back a
navigation to communicate your design intent dynamically.
• Topics in this section
• Control a Camera Motion Path
• Specify Motion Path Settings
• Record a Motion Path Animation
COMPUTER AIDED
DRAWING
Chapter Eight
8. Plotting Drawings (4 hours)
8.1 Layout Management
8.2 Plotting 2D and 3D Drawings
8.3 Creating multiple views for a 3D drawing
8.1 Layout Management
Following thing can be done in layout management
1. Create a "Layout" and assign plotting parameters to it
2. Set up one or more viewports in the Layout
3. Set the scale that each viewport will be plotted to
4. Set visibility of layers in each the viewports
5. Set shading or hidden line parameters in each viewport (so-called “Visibility”)
6. Select the "Plot Device" to print to for the Layout
7. Select the "Plot Style Table" to be used for the Layout (color based - .ctb, or
style based -stb)
8. Select the "Paper Size" that you want to plot to
9. Select the "Plot Area" - this should almost always be "Extents"
10. Set the "Plot Scale" - this should always be 1:1
11. Set the "Drawing Orientation" - this should always be "Landscape"
8.2 Plotting 2D and 3D Drawings
• "Plotting" is also called "Printing" because you can print to both large-format plotters as
well as small printers just like any other windows operation to produce hard-copy
output. AutoCAD uses standard Windows printer drivers to control plotters and
printers, but there is also In order to plot a drawing, it must be open. Plotting is always
done through “Layouts.” Before plotting different thing are to be done( in Layout
Management).
• Select the plot icon, or type <Ctrl>P, or Select from the "File" pulldown menu and
then "Plot..."
• In the Plot Select the " Preview" button
• If everything looks good, right click, then select "Plot." If it does not look good,
click "Exit" and then fix the setup.
• When the setup is fixed, select OK and the drawing will plot.
• To use this plot setup again in the same drawing, pull down the list of Page Setup
Names and select the one you want.
• The Page Setup controls everything on the dialogue boxes about plotting, such as the
Plot Device, the Plot Style Table, the paper size, the plot area, the plot scale, and the
drawing orientation.
8.3 Creating multiple views for a 3D drawing
COMPUTER AIDED
DRAWING
Chapter Nine
9. Other Facilities (4 hours)
9.1 Use of Script Files
9.2 Working with Standard Symbols
9.3 Import/Export
9.1 Use of Script Files
In computer programming terms, a script is a programme that will run with no interaction from the user. To AutoCAD, a script
file is an ASCII text file that contains a set of command line instructions for AutoCAD to follow – just like an actor reading from
a script. AutoCAD script files always have a file extension of ‘.scr’.
Script files are simply a list of commands that are run as a group. A script file does not have the ability to stop
and wait for user input.
Many AutoCAD commands bring up special dialog boxes to assist the user in the setting of system variables
and in running the specific command. When running a script, these dialog boxes are not used, as the script
cannot pause for user input. Therefore, a command line menu is used when running a script file and the user
must become familiar with this method of command input.
A sample script file is displayed below:
DRF271.SCR This script sets the ‘SNAP’ to .125 and the ‘GRID’ to .5
snap .125 It then creates a new layer called vports and sets the
grid .5 vports layer color to blue
Finally it does a ‘ZOOM’ to place everything in the drawing
layer make vports color blue vports
on the screen

zoom all
9.2 Working with Standard Symbols
• Standard symbols likes used in Mechanical ;Civil; Architecture;
Construction; etc. can be used directly from the standard
symbols available in AutoCAD
• Mechanical symbol include different types of bolts, nuts,
screw and so on
9.3 Import/Export
It is used to import/ export (copy) the files from different
software having the file extension Dxb, Wmf, Esp and 3d
Studio.