Name: _

Class: Date: _

Movement of Substances
(j!) CONNECT IT!
Complete the concept map below using keywords learnt in the chapter. Discuss with your
classmates how the concept map can be extended.

Surface area to
rate affected by
ratio

needed not needed

Movement of substances Net movement of water Net movement of

_______ a concentration molecules from a solution of particles from a
gradient, from a region of _______ water potential to region of _
_______ concentration to a solution of water concentration to a
a region of _ region of _
potential, across a partially
concentration
permeable membrane concentration

affected by affected by

~
----*---- gradient I
gradient across a
membrane
I

(may burst)
animal -
cells
1
Cells in
1
Cells in
r-r- a~~~
al
s
-- solution of solution of I--

higher water lower water Cell membrane

plant -- '----plant Flaccid, and cytoplasm
potential potential
L======---.r- cells cell s shrink in size pull away from
the cell wall

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited Worksheet 2 11

 (j)' TEST IT!
Section A:
Choose the correct answer, and write its letter in the brackets provided.

1. The two gas jars shown below were left for a long time to let oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules
diffuse through them.

oxygen
:'r' carbon dioxide

=
molecule '.' molecule
r-~----------~"
Lgasjar

How would the molecules be arranged after a long time?

A ~_.' ~. ~ •• • :-~

B ~
~~
o. :-:? : :
'_,_o~~~,_o_. ~~
~

C ~f--.'----~~. -------..=,....----------=....:{~

D ~~::~: ~=~------'-1.~~~
For questions 2 and 3, refer to the diagram below, which shows the appearance of a typical plant cell
after it was placed in concentrated sugar solution for 15 minutes.

~:::;:==~==:;;:::::::;::~----- 1
\--t+---------- 2
--~~~---------3
}ttt------ 4
X----ti-

2. Which of the numbered structures are partially permeable?

A 1 and 2
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
o 2 and 4

3. Which of the following occupies the region labelled X?

A Air
B Cell sap
C Sugar solution
o Water

12 Worksheet 2 © 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

4. The diagram shows the results of an experiment after 3 hours. The liquid in the glass tube rose to
point X from its initial level.

fc-+---X
..
.. .

+----- initial level

. I
- .. f-
Visking tubing ... : .:1/ ..
(partially ------1'd: i..:: ."1---- container
permeable) : .
.• •• . "-f. +--- 0.4 mol/om" sucrose
' .. "

-t--- 0.2 mol/ern" sucrose

In a second experiment, what change could be made to cause the liquid to rise higher than point X
after 3 hours?
A A larger container with the same volume of liquid
B A smaller container with the same volume of liquid
C Change the sucrose solution in the Visking tubing to water
D Change the sucrose solution in the container to water

5. The process by which water enters the root hair cell is called _
A active transport
B diffusion
C osmosis
D phagocytosis

6. Which of the following statements is true of these cells, assuming that both cells have the same
thickness?

X-¢ o-------,O /=¥- Y

(0
A Cell X is specially adapted for active transport, and Y for diffusion.
B Cell X has a greater surface area to volume ratio than Y.
C Cell Y is modified for absorbing materials into the cell.
D Diffusion of oxygen into cell Y occurs at a higher rate than X.

7. Which statement is true of active transport in plants?

A It depends on the availability of energy.
B It eventually achieves equilibrium.
C It involves the random movement of molecules.
D It relies on the kinetic energy of molecules.

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private limited Worksheet 2 13

 Section B:
Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.

1. In an experiment, a peeled potato was cut into half, and wells were created as shown in the diagram
below. One potato half was boiled before the experiment.

Both potato halves were soaked in 10 ern" of distilled water, before their wells were filled with
5 ern" of 10% salt solution.

10% salt
peeled raw solution
potato __ -r-ri-r--: peeled
boiled
potato

distilled
water -~~~ ---.b~~

(a) Predict what will happen to

(i) the levels of the solution in the well ofthe peeled raw potato and distilled water in the dish
after 24 hours.

(ii) the levels of the solution in the well of the peeled boiled potato and distilled water in the
dish after 24 hours.

(b) Explain your answers in (a){i) using your knowledge of diffusion and osmosis.

14 Worksheet 2 © 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

2. Six identical cylinders offresh potato (A to F), each weighing 10 g, were immersed in salt solutions of
different concentrations for two hours. They were removed and reweighed. The change in mass of
each cylinder was recorded in a bar graph as shown.

Change in mass of
potato cylinderjg
12
11
10
9
8
7 E (6)
6
5 A (4)
4 8(3)
3
2 F(l)
1
O--~~~-L~--r-'-~~r-~~~--~----~
-1 Fresh potato
-2 cylinder
-3 D (-2)
-4
- -5
-6
-7 C (-6)

(a) Which cylinder has been immersed in salt solution with:

(i) the highest concentration? _

(ii) the lowest concentration? _

(iii) a concentration closest to that of the potato cells? _

(b) Explain the changes in the cells of potato cylinder D.

(c) Calculate the percentage increase in mass shown by potato cylinder A.

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited Worksheet 2 15

 (d) Suggest how the experiment can be extended to find the concentration of the potato cells.

3. In an experiment, six potato strips of equal mass were cut and placed in separate test tubes as
shown in the diagram below. Each test tube contained sugar solution of a different concentration.

After six hours, the potato strips were removed from the test tubes and dried carefully using a paper
towel. They were then weighed again. Some ofthe potato strips had gained in mass, while some had
lost in mass. The changes in mass are shown in the table below.

Test tube Amount of sugar in g in Change in mass in g,

1.00 cm3 of solution increase (+) or decrease (-)
A 18 - 0.40

B 14 - 0.02
C 12 + 0.20
D 10 + 0.30
E 6 + 0.60
F 2 + 0.90

16 Worksheet 2 © 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

 (a) Draw a graph to show the results of the experiment.

- -
-1-

-t-

- .•. ++-
-+
-+-+
+- -T

+ + +r
-+ >--

I- -~-
-t-

t- -
+

(b) Which test tube contains sugar solution with the highest concentration? Explain your answer.

(c) Use the graph to estimate a value for the sugar concentration in the potato cells.

(d) Explain why the potato strip in test tube F had increased in mass.

(e) Suggest two ways to increase the accuracy and reliability of this experiment.

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited Worksheet 2 17

 4. A student carried out an experiment to find out the effect of sugar concentration on chilli strips.
Three chilli strips of equal length were cut and placed in Petri dishes labelled 1, 2 and 3. Each
Petri dish contained different concentrations of salt solution - 1% salt solution, 0.5% salt solution
and 0.1% salt solution. The diagram below shows the appearance of the chilli strips initially and
after 60 minutes.
outer surface
dish containing
(cuticle)
salt solution

At the start
of the experiment

outer surface outer surface outer surface

(cuticle) (cuticle) (cuticle)

After 60
minutes

dish 1 dish 2 dish 3

(a) Based on the appearance of the strips after 60 minutes, deduce the concentration of the salt
solution in each of the Petri dishes.

(b) Explain how the change in the chilli strip in dish 2 was brought about.

18 Worksheet 2 © 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

 Section C:
Answer the following questions.

1. Write a short paragraph to explain why the child, with a bleeding leg wound, shown in the diagram,
is in danger of being bitten by the piranhas.

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited Worksheet 2 19

 2. A scientist performed an experiment to measure the uptake of two types of sugar, Sugar A and
Sugar B, by the cells of the small intestine in the presence and absence of oxygen. The table
below shows the amount of sugar absorbed by the cells of the small intestine under the
different conditions.

Amount absorbed in the Amount absorbed in the

Sugar presence of oxygen/ absence of oxygen/arbitrary
arbitrary units units

A 8.0 1.8
B 6.4 6.2

Discuss the results obtained by this scientist with reference to the movement of Sugar A and Sugar B
into the cells of the small intestine.

((!) WORK ON IT!

Circle the question(s) you have answered incorrectly. Then, revisit the relevant section(s) in the
textbook to strengthen your understanding of the key concept(s).

Questions
Textbook
Learning objectives Multiple- Free- section(s)
Structured
Choice Response

(a) Define diffusion, and state its importance

in nutrient uptake and gas exchange 1,6 1 1,2 3.1
in organisms

(b) Define osmosis, and describe the effects 2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4 3.2
of osmosis in plant and animal tissues
7 2 3.4
(c) Define active transport

(d) Discuss the importance of active transport

as an energy-consuming process by which 2 3.4
substances are transported against a
concentration gradient

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

20 Worksheet 2

-= -
Name: _

Class: Date: _

Nutrients
o
:::r
~CONNECT IT! OJ
S
CD
"'"

Complete the concept map below using keywords learnt in the chapter. Discuss with your
classmates how the concept map can be extended.

consist of

Fatty acids ~
may be linked J I
L::::::===- by IL=====;::..=-==--=.J
:
I
forming

formed by

Sucrose
~

Glucose

I
formed by condensation reaction

_________ precipitate _______ coloration ____ white emulsion ____ coloration

(Large amounts of and heat is given off
reducing sugar)

© 2013 MarshallCavendishInternational (Singapore)Privatelimited Worksheet 3 21