CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

International General Certificate of Secondary Education

MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2013 series

0610 BIOLOGY
0610/32 Paper 3 (Extended Theory), maximum raw mark 80

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of
the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not
indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began,
which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner
Report for Teachers.

Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2013 series for most IGCSE, GCE
Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components.
 Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
IGCSE – May/June 2013 0610 32

Mark schemes will use these abbreviations

• ; separates marking points

• / alternatives
• R reject
• A accept (for answers correctly cued by the question)
• I ignore as irrelevant
• ecf error carried forward
• AW alternative wording (where responses vary more than usual)
• AVP alternative valid point
• ORA or reverse argument
• underline actual word given must be used by candidate (grammatical variants excepted)
• () the word / phrase in brackets is not required but sets the context
• max indicates the maximum number of marks

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

 Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
IGCSE – May/June 2013 0610 32

Question Expected Answer Marks Additional Guidance

1 (a) (i) plasma ; [1]

(ii) excretion ; [1]

(b) A
1 (ultra)filtration ;
2 small molecules, from blood or glomerulus / into (Bowman’s / renal) capsule ; A small particles / examples of relevant
3 are forced / pushed (out) / under (high) pressure ; small molecules instead of ‘small
molecules’
B
4 (selective) reabsorption ;
5 back into the blood / capillaries ;
6 e.g. of any substance that is filtered or reabsorbed ; [max 4]

(c) (i) protein ; [1]

(ii) glucose ; [1]

(iii) urea ; [1]

(d) water has been reabsorbed ;

by osmosis ;
(in / by) collecting duct / nephron / (proximal convoluted) tubule ; A loop of Henle
idea that by Z there is no change in, sodium ions / urea / solutes, but volume of
water is less ; [max 2]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

 Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
IGCSE – May/June 2013 0610 32

(e) (i) either

1 0.35 (g per 100 cm3) ; Note: Mpts 2 or 3 linked to correct answer
for Mpt 1
2 same concentration as the blood / to be in equilibrium with the blood / to prevent
loss or gain, of sodium ions ;
3 prevents / reduces, osmosis ;

or

4 any figure greater than 0 and less than 0.35 (g per 100 cm3) ; Note: Mpts 5 or 6 linked to correct answer
for Mpt 4
5 excess, sodium / salt, in the blood ; [max 2]
6 diffusion, from blood / into dialysis fluid ;

(e) (ii) red blood cells / erythrocytes ; Ignore protein, cells, plasma, (named)
white blood cells / lymphocytes / phagocytes ; gases, iron, (named) toxins, (named)
platelets / thrombocytes ; drugs
(named) plasma protein(s) e.g. fibrinogen, antibodies ;; R glucose, (mineral) salt, minerals,
(named) hormones ;; sodium, (named) ions, water,
urea / uric acid ; carbohydrate, starch, blood, ammonia
amino acids / (named) vitamins / cholesterol / fats / fatty
acids / glycerol / bacteria / virus ;; [max 2]

(f)
1 ref to platelets (in correct context of clotting) ; A ref to thrombocytes
2 fibrinogen converted to fibrin ;
3 soluble to insoluble / fibrin is insoluble ;
4 thrombin / enzyme, in context ;
5 mesh / network / web, to trap blood (cells) ;
6 AVP ; e.g. ref to prothrombin or involvement of, calcium ions / clotting factors [max 3]

[Total:18]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

 Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
IGCSE – May/June 2013 0610 32

2 (a) (i) all bacteria are, susceptible / sensitive to this antibiotic / not resistant ; R immune (as equivalent to resistance)
(antibiotics) killed the bacteria / stopped bacteria growing / AW ; [max 1]

(ii) (all) bacteria are, resistant / not affected (by the antibiotic) / ORA ; [1] R immune (as equivalent to resistance)
ecf from 2(a)(i)

(iii)
1 only a few bacteria from the sample are resistant / ORA ; R immune (as equivalent to resistance)
2 caused, by mutations / genes ; ecf from 2 (a)(i) and 2 (a)(ii)
3 resistant bacteria, grew / reproduced ; [max 2] A susceptible bacteria did not grow

(b)
1 person may be infected with bacteria, that are resistant to, some / an, antibiotic(s) ; R immune (as equivalent to resistance)
2 (test) to find the most effective antibiotic ; No ecf from 2 (a)
3 that kills all bacteria (in the person) ;
4 prevents antibiotic resistance ; [max 2]

(c)
1 prescribe / use, antibiotics less often ;
2 not for, viral / fungal, infections ;
3 make sure people complete the course of antibiotics / AW ;
4 develop new antibiotics ;
5 do not use the same antibiotics for too long / rotate antibiotics / AW ;
6 use combinations of antibiotics ;
7 AVP ; e.g. isolation of patients with antibiotic-resistant infections / good hygiene to
prevent spread of infection [max 4]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

 Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
IGCSE – May/June 2013 0610 32

(d) (i)
S P V R T Q
[1]

(ii)
1 easier / quicker, to supply the demand ;
2 more cost effective ;
3 no / less, rejection / allergies / side effects ;
4 human insulin more effective (than animal insulin) ;
5 because can be individually modified ;
6 no risk of transmission of disease from animals ;
7 ethical / religious / animal welfare consideration ; [max 3]

[Total:14]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

 Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
IGCSE – May/June 2013 0610 32

3 (a) (i) Cornea / aqueous humour / vitreous humour / conjunctiva ; [1]

(ii) retina / fovea / yellow spot / rods and cones ; [1]

(b) (i) D indicating any position along the bottom line of the plot ; [1] R ambiguous placing on slopes near
bottom line

(ii) ciliary muscles

contracts ;
suspensory ligaments
slacken / less taut / loosen / AW ; [2] R relax

(c)
1 cones (in context of colour vision) ;
and two from
2 three different types ;
3 respond to, different wavelengths / red, green and blue ;
4 convert light into electrical impulses / signals ; R messages for impulses
5 optic nerve ;
6 brain interprets impulses in terms of, colours / red, green and blue ; [max 3]

[Total:8]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

 Page 8 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
IGCSE – May/June 2013 0610 32

4 (a) narrow leaves ; Ignore long and thin unqualified

parallel / unbranched, veins on leaves ;
sheath / no petiole ;
flower parts in multiples of 3 ;
one cotyledon (in the seed) ;
fibrous roots ;
scattered vascular bundles ;
no, cambium / woody tissue ; [max 2]

(b) (i) pollination

pollen transferred, from anther, to stigma ;
fertilisation
gametes / sex cells / ova and pollen nuclei / sperm and egg, fuse / join / combine Ignore pollen unqualified
together ; [max 2] Ignore meet / mix

(ii)
1 less variation / reduced gene pool / uniform crop ; R no variation
2 less chance, for evolution to occur / adaption to new environment ; R no evolution
3 more chance to pass on genetic disease ; R clones / asexual reproduction
4 well adapted to environment ; inferred
6 no external agent of pollination required / more chance of fertilisation ;
7 single plant can reproduce ;
8 whole crop would be susceptible to adverse factors e.g. drought / disease ; [max 2]

(c)
1 zygote (is formed) ;
2 divides by mitosis ;
3 to form embryo ;
4 formation of radicle and plumule ;
5 formation of, cotyledons / seed leaf / food reserve ;
6 formation of, testa / seed coat ;
7 ref to endosperm ;
8 seed formed from ovule ; [max 4]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

 Page 9 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
IGCSE – May/June 2013 0610 32

4 (d)
1 energy is lost, between / within, trophic levels / along food chain ;
either
2 animals are, at second trophic level / primary consumers
or
plants are, autotrophs / producers / first trophic level ;
3 (energy lost) in animal respiration / heat / (named) metabolic process / movement ;
4 ref to (more) material that is, inedible / not digestible (in longer food chains) ;
5 ref to 10% energy transfer / ORA ;
6 livestock require additional resources / cost for their maintenance ; [max 3]

[Total:13]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

 Page 10 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
IGCSE – May/June 2013 0610 32

5 (a) chemical digestion (max 2)

1 ref to breakdown of molecules ;
2 breaking bonds ;
3 using enzymes ;
4 insoluble to soluble ;

mechanical digestion (max 2)

5 ref to breakdown of, particle / molecule ;
6 ref to increase surface area (for chemical digestion) ;
7 to, mix /churn ; [max 3]

(b) one mark per correct row

function name of the part letter from Fig.
1.1

J
produces bile liver

most soluble food is

absorbed into the E;
blood small intestine / ileum

indigestible food is anus / anal canal

F;
egested

hydrochloric acid is
stomach C;
produced

protease, lipase and

amylase are pancreas D;
produced
[4]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

 Page 11 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
IGCSE – May/June 2013 0610 32

(c)
1 less / no bile, secreted / released ;
2 (so) no / less, bile salts ;
3 enter small intestine / duodenum ;
4 no / less, emulsification of fat ;
5 less / no, increased surface area of fat (globules / AW)
6 for lipase ;
7 slower / harder, digestion ; [max 3] R no digestion

(d)
1 coronary heart disease / CHD / heart attack / cardiac arrest / angina / myocardial Ignore cardiovascular disease / CVD
infarction ;
2 reduced blood flow / blockage of artery or arteries ; A narrowing of artery reduces blood
3 damaged / hardened artery wall / atheroma / atherosclerosis ; flow
4 (blood) clot / thrombus / thrombosis / (coronary) aneurysm ;
5 causes high blood pressure ;
6 reduced supply of, oxygen / nutrients, to heart tissue / muscle ;
7 muscle respires anaerobically ; [max 3]

[Total:13]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

 Page 12 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
IGCSE – May/June 2013 0610 32

6 (a)
1 (CO2) is a greenhouse gas / causes (increase in) (enhanced) greenhouse effect ; Ignore descriptions of
2 global warming ; greenhouse effect
3, 4 any two qualified examples of environment effects of global warming e.g. flooding,
extreme weather conditions, qualified habitat change, reduced biodiversity ;; Ignore descriptions of global
warming
5 increase in rate of photosynthesis ;
6 causes increase in, plant growth / crop yield / vegetation ;
[max 4] Ignore ref to deforestation

(b) nitrate ions (max 3)

1 needed to make amino acids ; Mpt 1 A proteins or nucleic acids
2 amino acids to proteins ;
3 protein needed for growth ;
4 suitable use of protein ; e.g. membranes / enzymes

magnesium ions (max 2)

5 needed for making chlorophyll ;
6 to absorb (much) light ;
7 for (energy for) photosynthesis ;
8 for producing sugars / organic compounds produced / energy available ; [max 4]

(c) (i) eutrophication ; [1]

(ii)
1 dead plant material ;
2 decomposed by, bacteria / microorganisms / decomposers ;
3 use oxygen in (aerobic) respiration ; [max 2]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013

 Page 13 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
IGCSE – May/June 2013 0610 32

(d)
1 sedimentation / filtration / screening ;
2 digestion by, bacteria / fungi / decomposers / microorganisms ;
3 with aeration (tank) / trickle filter ;
4 second settling tank (to remove / collect microorganisms) ;
5 treated with, chlorine / ozone / UV ;
6 collection of water from evaporator ; [max 3]

[Total 14]

© Cambridge International Examinations 2013