ICT stand for information and communication technology it includes a various types of technological

tools and resources used to communicate, create, Store and manage information.

ICT at workplace

At workplace we use computers software and applications to complete task like making
documents calculation tablet graph etc we can also use application to do everyday work like
buying things booking tickets banking payment and various more.

ICT at home

We can use computer and mobile phone for talking to each others sending and receiving
information watching videos and news listening music and playing games.

ICT tools

Computer and laptop

Mobile and tablets

Radio and TV

Internet and email

Smartphones smartphones can be used to make calls and do things that we normally do
using a computer such as browsing sending mails video calls games watching movies and
much more.

Mobile software-mobile app is special type of software written to perform a specific functions,
keeping in mind limited resources of mobile phones such as limited battery limited memory
small screen size etc

common mobile software are

Lifestyle apps like Spotify, uber

Social media apps like Instagram Twitter

Utility apps like calculator reminder

Games /entertainment mobile app

productivity app like word Excel Bhim

Tablet- a tablet is a mini computer with input and output and processing functions that are
combined into one touch screen where you can do various task just by touching it's screen it
is bigger than smartphone.

Computer- a computer is an electronic machine which take data is input process it and give
valuable result as output.

Data-data is defined as raw facts or figure such as 100,Surya,class 10.

Information- information is defined as collection of data which is organised in a particular

manner like Surya is a student of class 10th score 100 marks.

Computer components
1 hardware -the physical component of computer that we can touch and field are called
hardware

2 software -software or set of program that tells computer to complete a task.

Functional components of computer (block diagram)

Input function- it is possible for providing information into computer

Output function- it is responsible for displaying the data to computer performed by output unit

Processing function- it is responsible for carrying out the given instruction on data.

It is perform by CPU to carry out this function CPU used following components

1. A l u arithmetic logical unit – it perform arithmetic instruction

2. CU(control unit)- this is responsible for controlling execution of instruction
3. Register it is high speed temporary memory that store data or information which is used
during processing.
4. storage unit- it is responsible for storing any kind of information permanently.

Characteristics of computer

1. Speed
2. High storage capacity
3. Accuracy
4. Reliability
5. Versatility

Weakness of computer

1. Lack of decision making

2. No IQ

Input device – the input unit is responsible for accepting input data and instruction from the
user and convert it into binary so that it can be understood by the computer.

Eg:- keyboard-it is a typewriter like device which used to type in letter digit or command

Mouse mouse is a pointing device that point to a position on computer screen

Microphone -microphone is an input device used to provide audio data to a computer

Scanner- scanner create electronic form of printed image.

Light pen-it is a pen like device used to draw on computer screen

Output device- output device produce the output generated by the CPU in human
understandable form such as audio video text.

Eg-

Monitor- it is used to display information in a similar with to that shown on a television screen.
The picture on monitor is made up of pixel

Printers-printer is an output device which is used to generate hard copy of the output

Printer are classified as impact ( there is a mechanical contact between printer head and
paper)and non impact (no mechanical contact between printer head and paper)

Speaker-speaker is a type of output device that generates sound as an output

Peripheral devices- it is an external device that provide input and output for the computer .

Memory- memory unit is used as a storage unit for the program as well as data it is the
computer memory that is access directly by the CPU.

There are two types of memory nd saves data permanently

1.Primary memory is the computer’s main memory and stores data temporarily.

The main memory divided into two parts

Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of computer memory that is used to temporarily
store data that the computer is currently using or processing. RAM is volatile memory,
which means that the data stored in it is lost when the power is turned off
(B) Read Only Memory (ROM) is a type of computer memory that is used to permanently
store data that does not need to be modified. ROM is non-volatile memory, which means
that the data stored in it is retained even when the power is turned off. ROM is typically
used to store the computer’s BIOS (basic input/output system), which contains the
instructions for booting the computer,
The cache is a smaller and faster memory that stores copies of the data from frequently
used main memory locations.

2 Secondary memory is a type of computer memory that is used for long-term storage of data
and programs. It is also known as auxiliary memory or external memory. Ex

Hard disc, compact disc (cd),DVD, pen drive, blue ray disc
Units of computer memory

1 bit = 1 binary digit

4 bit = 1 Nibble

8 bit = 1 byte

1024 byte = 1 kilo byte

1024kb = 1 Mega byte

1024 MB = 1 Giga byte

1024 GB= 1 Terra byte

1024 TB= 1 Peta byte

Software is a collection of computer program procedure and documentation that perform

different task in a computer system.
Application software- An application program is a computer program designed to carry out a
specific task. There are two type of application software

1 general purpose

2 specific purpose

System software- System software is software that directly operates the computer hardware
and provides the basic functionality to the users as well as to the other software to operate
smoothly.

It provide a platform for running application software

It read data instruction through the input device

It process and generate the result on the output device

It control all the devices attached to the computer system

Bios-(basic input output system) is designed to be first set of program run by

computer when power is on. It control various electronic device attached to the
computer

Operating system- operating system is a program that act as an interface between user
and computer hardware it help to manage resources of the computer and optimise it
performance. It is the first program to be executed on the computer after bios.

types of operating system

1 command line interface (where user type command to perform atask)

2 interactive operating system interface(user give command by pointing or touching) Eg GUI

1. Single user single task operating system- this operating system allow only one user to do
a one task at a time.
2. Single user multi task operating system- this type of operating system is used where a
single user can operate multiple program at the same time ex – windows , mac os
3. Multi user- multi user operating system enable multiple user to work on a same computer
at a different times or simultaneously.
4. Real time- real time operating system used to control scientific instrument in research and
development . A real-time operating system (RTOS) is a special kind of operating system
designed to handle tasks that need to be completed quickly and on time.
5. A distributed operating system runs on a set of computer that are interconnected by a
network. It combines the different computers in a network into a single integrated
computer and storage location.

Commonly used operating system

1. Linux- Linux is a type of operating system which is free and open source
2. Windows- Windows is a graphical operating system developed by Microsoft. It allows
users to view and store files, run the software, play games, watch videos, and provides a
 way to connect to the internet. It was released for both home computing and professional
works.

Working on windows

Taskbar- p taskbar is the long horizontal bar present at the bottom of the screen to the left of
the taskbar is start button and to the right appears date and time. You can also see icon of
active application and some shortcut on the taskbar.

Start button is located on the left of the taskbar clicking the start button open the start menu
app provide access to program and features like

All program (provide access to all install program and applications

Search box (this allowed the user to search anything)

Control panel (this allow the user to change various settings)

Recycle bin- recycle bin is the place that hold the deleted file temporarily . You can recover
your deleted file and data from there.

Files can be described as a set of related data/information and is stored on secondary storage
device

Folder is a collection of related files stored in the computer memory

to create a file

Right click anywhere in the blank area of the right colum

In the shortcut menu click new and select type of file you want to create

To rename a file or folder

Right click the file or folder

From the shortcut menu select rename option

Type the new name or edit the exiting name and press enter key

Difference between copy and moving file and folders-

Copying – make a duplicate of the selected file or folder and place it in another location.

Moving – move the original files or folder from one place to another.

To permanent delete a file or restore

Right click the recycle bin icon and then click empty recycle bin

Or double click the recycle bin icon

The recycle bin window appears

Click empty the recycle bin

If you want to recover your data then you have to click “restore”.

Some shortcuts keys

Ctrl + ASelects all text

Ctrl + XCuts the selected item

Ctrl + DelCut selected item

Ctrl + CCopy the selected items

Ctrl + VPaste the selected item

Ctrl+ p. To print

Ctrl +shift + del permanent delete file

Alt + F4. Close program

F5Refresh contents

Ctrl + S save file

Computer maintenance- computer maintenance refers to the actions carry out so as to keep a
computer in a good state of working.

Computer maintenance include physical cleaning, internal cleaning, keeping backup and
updated software

Physical cleaning remove dust and debris as they heat up a computer

Internal cleaning keeps computer application and program virus free

Importance of computer maintenance

1. It did it issue early before they become problem

2. Computer maintenance prevent against virus and malware
3. Computer maintenance speed up your computer
4. It maximize software efficiency

some of the maintenance activities are-

1. keep the components of computer like keyboard mouse monitor etc clean
2. Replace hardware that is not functioning properly
3. Keep food item away from the computer
4. Remove unauthorised software from the computer
5. Regular backup of your data
6. Run anti-virus
7. Always shutdown the computer properly

Measure to protect computer

1. Regular sten should be done to check for viruses

2. And effective antivirus software should be installed
3. Regular disc defragmentation should be done to remove all unnecessary information
that slow down your computer
 4. Take regular backup of the data on your computer
5. System should be updated with new updates
6.

(CPU) Control unit ALU Register

OUTPUT UNIT INPUT UNIT

STORAGE UNIT