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 GRAAD 12

NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY

FEBRUARY/MARCH 2017

MARKS: 200

TIME: 3 hours

This question paper consists of 13 pages and a 2-page formula sheet.

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Electrical Technology 2 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2017
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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of SEVEN questions.

2. Answer ALL the questions.

3. Sketches and diagrams must be large, neat and fully labelled.

4. Show ALL calculations and round off answers correctly to TWO decimal
places.

5. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

6. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

7. Show the units for all answers of calculations.

8. A formula sheet is provided at the end of this question paper.

9. Write neatly and legibly.

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Electrical Technology 3 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2017
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QUESTION 1: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

1.1 State TWO unsafe acts that may lead to an accident. (2)

1.2 Distinguish between an unsafe act and an unsafe condition. (2)

1.3 State FOUR points in the procedure that should be followed when a person
is experiencing an electric shock. (4)

1.4 Explain why a person under the influence of alcohol may not operate
machinery in the workplace. (2)
[10]

QUESTION 2: THREE-PHASE AC GENERATION

2.1 Define the following terms:

2.1.1 Active power (2)

2.1.2 Reactive power (2)

2.2 Draw a neat, labelled diagram that represents the waveforms of a three-
phase AC-generated system. (5)

2.3 A balanced three-phase inductive load is connected in delta across a three-

phase supply. The load draws a current of 30 A from the 380 V/50 Hz supply.
It has a power factor of 0,75 lagging.

Given:

IL = 30 A
VL = 380 V
p.f. = 0,75 lagging

Calculate the:

2.3.1 Phase current (3)

2.3.2 Impedance of the load (3)

2.3.3 State what will happen to the current drawn by the load if the power
factor of the load is improved. (1)

2.3.4 State ONE economic benefit of improving the power factor. (1)

2.4 The two-wattmeter method is used to measure the power drawn by an

induction motor. The readings on the wattmeters are 100 W and 250 W
respectively. Calculate the total input power.

Given:

P1 = 100 W
P2 = 250 W (3)
[20]

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Electrical Technology 4 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2017
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QUESTION 3: THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMERS

3.1 State the purpose of a transformer. (1)

3.2 Name TWO cooling methods used in a transformer. (2)

3.3 State where a delta-star transformer connection is used. (1)

3.4 FIGURE 3.1 below represents the delta-star connection of a three-phase

transformer.

S = 25 kVA

V LS = 380 V

p.f. = 0,97

FIGURE 3.1: THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER

Given:

S = 25 kVA
VLP = 6 kV
VLS = 380 V
p.f. = 0,97 lagging

Calculate the:

3.4.1 Secondary line current (3)

3.4.2 Primary line current (3)

3.4.3 Primary phase current (3)

3.4.4 Transformation ratio (3)

3.5 Explain why the secondary turn of a distribution transformer is connected

in star. (2)

3.6 State why regular maintenance of transformers is important. (2)

[20]

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Electrical Technology 5 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2017
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QUESTION 4: THREE-PHASE MOTORS AND STARTERS

4.1 State ONE advantage of a three-phase induction motor over a single-phase

induction motor. (1)

4.2 Describe why it is important that the rotor of a motor rotates freely before it is
energised. (2)

4.3 State TWO electrical tests that must be done on a motor before it is
energised. (2)

4.4 Describe ONE condition that may exist if there is an electrical connection
between the rotor and the stator of a three-phase induction motor. (2)

4.5 State TWO losses that occur in a three-phase motor. (2)

4.6 A three-phase delta-connected motor, rated at 15 kVA, is connected to

a 380 V/50 Hz supply. The motor has a power factor of 0,8 and an efficiency
of 95%.

Given:

VL = 380 V
S = 15 kVA
f = 50 Hz
p.f. = 0,8
ŋ = 95%

Calculate the:

4.6.1 Output power of the motor at full load if the motor is 100% efficient (3)

4.6.2 Output power of the motor at full load at 95% efficiency (3)

4.6.3 The current drawn by the motor (3)

4.7 Answer the following questions with reference to a three-phase induction

motor.

4.7.1 State what will happen to the output power of the motor if the
efficiency of the motor has been improved. (1)

4.7.2 Describe what will happen to the reactive power of the motor if the
power factor of the motor has been improved. Structure your answer
with reference to voltage, current and power. (3)

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4.8 FIGURE 4.1 below represents the control circuit of a star-delta starter.

FIGURE 4.1: CONTROL CIRCUIT OF A STAR-DELTA STARTER

4.8.1 Describe how a star-delta starter reduces the starting current of

the motor. (3)

4.8.2 State why it is necessary to reduce the starting current of a three-

phase induction motor. (3)

4.8.3 Describe the function of the overload unit in the starter. (3)

4.8.4 Describe the interlocking used in the circuit to prevent the motor from
being switched into delta while still connected in star. (5)

4.9 Describe why induction motors must be supplied with a constant frequency. (3)

4.10 State how the number of pole pairs of an induction motor affects the speed
of a motor. (1)
[40]

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Electrical Technology 7 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2017
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QUESTION 5: RLC

5.1 State TWO factors that influence the value of the reactance of a coil when
connected across an AC supply. (2)

5.2 State how an increase in capacitance will affect the reactance of a capacitor. (1)

5.3 Explain the term resonance with reference to an RLC circuit. (3)

5.4 Refer to the diagram in FIGURE 5.1 below.

R = 20 Ω L = 400 mH C = 47 µF

V = 240/50 Hz

FIGURE 5.1: RLC SERIES CIRCUIT

Given:

R = 20 Ω
L = 400 mH
C = 47 µF
V = 240 V
f = 50 HZ

Calculate the:

5.4.1 Inductive reactance of the inductor (3)

5.4.2 Capacitive reactance of the capacitor (3)

5.4.3 Impedance of the circuit (3)

5.4.4 Q-factor of the circuit when the circuit is at resonance (3)

5.5 State, with a reason, whether the circuit in FIGURE 5.1 is more inductive or
more capacitive. (2)
[20]

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Electrical Technology 8 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2017
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QUESTION 6: LOGIC
6.1 Answer the following questions in respect of PLCs.
6.1.1 Write the abbreviation PLC in full. (1)
6.1.2 State TWO advantages of a PLC system over relay logic. (2)
6.1.3 Name TWO input devices that may be connected to a PLC. (2)
6.1.4 Name ONE component that is still used to switch high-current
devices on or off. (1)
6.1.5 Define the term program in relation to a PLC. (3)
6.1.6 Name ONE device used to control a PLC remotely. (1)
6.1.7 Draw a block diagram to illustrate the components of a PLC system. (5)
6.2 Simplify the following expression with Boolean algebra:

X =DEF+DEF+DEF+DEF (6)
6.3 Draw a three-variable Karnaugh map and simplify the following Boolean
expression:

X = ABC+ABC+ABC (8)
6.4 Refer to the circuit in FIGURE 6.1 below.

FIGURE 6.1: SEQUENCE STARTER WITH A TIMER

6.4.1 Draw the ladder logic diagram that would execute the same function
in a PLC system. (10)
6.4.2 Name ONE electrical application of FIGURE 6.1. (1)
[40]
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Electrical Technology 9 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2017
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QUESTION 7: AMPLIFIERS

7.1 Draw and label the symbol of an operational amplifier (op amp). (5)
7.2 State THREE characteristics of an ideal op amp. (3)
7.3 Describe why op amp circuits are placed in an integrated circuit (IC) package. (2)
7.4 Describe what the term negative feedback means in respect of an op amp. (3)
7.5 State TWO advantages of negative feedback. (2)
7.6 Refer to FIGURE 7.1 below and draw the output of an ideal op amp in relation
to the input waveforms shown.

INPUT 1

INPUT 2

OUTPUT

FIGURE 7.1: OP AMP (3)

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7.7 Refer to FIGURE 7.2 below and answer the questions that follow.

+Vcc
IIN
+
-
-Vcc RF
VIN V
VOUT
UIT

RIN

FIGURE 7.2: NON-INVERTING OP AMP CIRCUIT

7.7.1 Draw the input and output waveforms on the same Y-axis, as shown in
FIGURE 7.3 below.

0V Input

0V Output

FIGURE 7.3: OUTPUT WAVEFORM (3)

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7.7.2 Calculate the voltage gain if the feedback resistance is 12 kΩ and

the input resistor has a value of 3,3 kΩ.

Given:

RF = 12 kΩ
RIN = 3,3 kΩ
VIN = 6V (3)

7.7.3 Calculate the output voltage if an input signal of 6 V is applied to

the op amp. (3)

7.7.4 Describe what happens to the gain of the op amp if the value
of RF is decreased. (2)

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7.8 Refer to FIGURE 7.4 below and answer the questions that follow.

+V

0 Input voltage (Vin)

-V

FIGURE 7.4: INTEGRATOR OP AMP CIRCUIT

7.8.1 Draw and label the given input waveform and, in line directly below it,
draw the output waveform. (6)

7.8.2 Describe the function of the capacitor in this op amp circuit. (3)
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7.9 Refer to FIGURE 7.5 below and answer the questions that follow.

FIGURE 7.5: RC PHASE-SHIFT OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT

Given:

R1 = R2 = R3 = 12 kΩ
C1 = C2 = C3 = 260 nF

7.9.1 State TWO applications of the oscillator. (2)

7.9.2 Calculate the oscillating frequency of the oscillator. (3)

7.9.3 Identify the output waveform of the oscillator. (1)

7.9.4 State the type of feedback used in this oscillator. (1)

7.10 Describe the function of the dual DC supply to an op amp. (3)

7.11 Name the output waveform of a differentiator circuit when a triangular input
wave is applied. (1)

7.12 State ONE application of a differentiator. (1)

[50]

TOTAL: 200

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Electrical Technology 1 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2017
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FORMULA SHEET

THREE-PHASE AC GENERATION RLC CIRCUITS

Star X L = 2π fL
VL = 3 VPH Xc =
1
2πfC
IL = IPH 1
Fo =
2π LC
Delta
VL = VPH Series
IL = 3 IPH IT = IR = IC = IL
Z = R 2 + (XL − X C )
2

S = 3 VL IL VL = I XL
VC = I X C
Q = 3 V LIL Sin θ VT = I Z
P VT = VR + (VL − VC )
2 2
Cos θ =
S
P = 3 × VL × IL × Cos θ × η IT =
VT
Z
VP = IP × Z P R
Cos θ =
Z
Two-wattmeter method VR
Cos θ =
VT
P = P1 + P2 X L X C VL VC 1 L
Q= = = = =
Z Z VS VS R C

THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMERS
Star Parallel
VL = 3 VPH VT = VR = VC = VL
IL = IPH IR =
VR
R
Delta V
IC = C
XC
IL = 3 IPH V
IL = L
XL
VL = VPH IT = IR + (IL − IC )
2 2

P = 3 × VL × IL × Cos θ × η Cos θ =
IR
IT
S = 3 VL IL X L X C VL VC 1 L
Q= = = = =
Z Z VS VS R C
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Electrical Technology 2 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2017
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Q = 3 VL IL Sin θ
P
Cos θ =
S
VPH(P) NP IPH(S)
= =
VPH(S) NS IPH(P)

THREE-PHASE MOTORS AND AMPLIFIERS

STARTERS

Star VOUT R 
Gain A V = = − F 
VL = 3 VPH VIN  R IN 
IL = IPH V R
Gain A V = OUT = 1 + F
VIN R IN
1
fR =
2π LC
1
fR =
2π 6RC

Delta T = 5RC

IL = 3 IPH VOUT = −( V1 + V2 + V3 + ....VN )

VL = VPH

Power
P = 3 × VL × IL × Cos θ × η
S = 3 VL IL
Q = 3 VL IL Sin θ

PIN − losses
Efficiency (η) =
PIN

Speed
60 × f
nS =
p
n − nR
Slip = S
nS

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