PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL

LABORATORY SCIENCE PRACTICE 1

 UNIT I:

OVERVIEW OF THE MEDICAL

TECHNOLOGY / MEDICAL
LABORATORY SCIENCE
PROFESSION
 OUTLINE

• Definition of Medical Technology

• Historical perspective
• Medical Technology/Medical Laboratory Science practices
• Medical Technology education
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. Trace the history of medical technology globally and the Philippines.

2. Enumerate the scope of medical technology practices.
3. Discuss the scope of medical technology curriculum and different job
opportunities.
WHAT IS MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY?
 RUTH HEINEMANN

“…application of the principles of natural, physical,

and biological sciences to the performance of
laboratory procedures which aid in the
diagnosis and treatment of diseases.”
 ANNE FAGELSON

“…branch of medicine concerned with the

performance of laboratory determinations
and analyses used in the diagnosis and
treatment of disease and the maintenance of
health.”
 WALTERS

“…health profession concerned with performing

laboratory analyses in view of obtaining
information necessary in the diagnosis and
treatment of disease as well as in the
maintenance of good health.”
 RA 5527

“…an auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals

with the examination of tissues, secretion, and excretion
of the human body and body fluids by various electronic,
chemical, microscopic, and other medical laboratory
procedures or techniques either manual or automated
which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study and
treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in
general.”
WHAT IS COMMON AMONG THEM?
 CLINICAL LABORATORY

It is a facility that performs chemical and microscopic

examinations of various body fluids.
INSIDE THE CLINICAL
LABORATORY…
WHAT DOES A MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGIST DO?
MEDICAL TECHN OLOGISTS AS…

MEDICAL
DETECTIVES
 ROLES OF A MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGIST

Observe, identify, and analyze organisms and cells

causing infection and disease
ROLES OF A MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGIST

Perform blood tests

 ROLES OF A MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGIST

Measure substance in blood and other body fluids

 ROLES OF A MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGIST

Operate complex apparatus, instruments, and

machines
 ROLES OF A MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGIST

Use standards and controls to improve reliability of

results
 ROLES OF A MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGIST

Work under pressure with accuracy and precision

 ROLES OF A MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGIST

Adhere to high ethical standards of performance

HISTORY OF MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGY

Global and Local

 EARLY BEGINNINGS

400 B.C.

• Hippocrates (Father of Medicine)

• Described the “four humors” in man
• Blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile

• Urinalysis
• Oldest laboratory procedure
 EARLY BEGINNINGS

600 B.C.
• Hindu physicians recorded the sweet taste of diabetic urine as well as
polyuria in diabetes

1500 B.C.
• Vivian Herrick identified Taenia and Ascaris
• “Ebers Papyrus” was discovered
 “EBERS PAPYRUS”

• Oldest preserved Egyptian compilation of medical texts

 EARLY BEGINNINGS

1632
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• Invented the compound microscope
• First to described red blood cells, protozoa, and to classify bacteria according to
shape
 EARLY BEGINNINGS

1628-1694
• Marcelo Malphigi
• Founder of Pathology
• Greatest of the early microscopists
• Contributed to embryology and anatomy

1847
• Rudolph Virchow
• Founder of the “Archives of Pathology” in Berlin
 EARLY BEGINNINGS

1848
• Herman Fehling
• Performed the first quantitative test for urine sugar

15th Century
• Discovery of aniline dyes
• Staining of microorganisms
 IN THE UNITED STATES

1878
• Dr. William H. Welch
• Established a laboratory at Bellevue Hospital Medical College
• First professor of Pathology at John Hopkins University (1885)
 IN THE UNITED STATES

1896
• Dr. William Osler
• Opened the first clinical laboratory at John Hopkins Hospital
• William Pepper Laboratory was opened at the University of Pennsylvania
 IN THE UNITED STATES

1908
• Dr. James C.Todd
• Wrote “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis” which became the standard reference of
laboratories

1921: Denver Society of Clinical Pathologists was organized

1936: American Board of Pathology was organized
 IN THE UNITED STATES

World War I
• Produced a great demand for technicians

• University of Minnesota
• One of the first schools to establish trainings for workers in 1922
• First to offer degree program in 1923
 IN THE UNITED STATES

World War II
• “Closed system” of blood collection was adopted
• Advanced instrumentation
• Automated equipment
• Quality control programs
 IN THE PHILIPPINES

January 9, 1945
• First clinical laboratory
• 26th Medical Infantry of the 6th U.S. Army
• Located at Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila
• Known as Public Health Laboratory

October 1, 1945
• Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Mariano Icasiano
• Reopened as Manila Public Health Laboratory
 IN THE PHILIPPINES

1947
• Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana
• Offered a training for high school and paramedical graduates

1954
• Dr. Pio de Roda instructed Dr. Sta. Ana (with Dr. Briones)
• Formal syllabus

• Six-month laboratory training was offered

“The training program offered by Dr. Pio de Roda did
not last long, for during the same year, the formal
education of Medical Technology in the Philippines
began.”
FORMAL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
 MRS. WILLA HILGERT-HEDRICK

• Founder of medical technology

education in the Philippines

• American medical practitioner of the

Seventh Day Adventist Church in the
Philippines
 HISTORY

Philippine Union College of Baesa (1954)

• First to offer B.S. Medical Technology
• Dr. Jesse Umali: first graduate after two years

University of Santo Tomas (1957-1958)

• Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes
• Offered MT as an elective to pharmacy students
• Due to its popularity, it was decided to be offered as a course
• June 14, 1961: recognition of 4-year B.S. MT
 HISTORY

Centro Escolar University (1960)

• First batch graduated in 1962

Far Eastern University (1962)

• Dr. Horacio Ylagan and Dr. Serafin Juliano
• Applied for the offering of B.S. Medical Technology course
• First batch graduated in 1963
 HISTORY

University of the Philippines

• Offers the same course but the degree is conferred to as B.S. Public Health
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION S

• PASMETH
• Philippine Association of Schools of
Medical Technology and Public Health,
Inc.

• PAMET
• Philippine Association of Medical
Technologists
 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
 NATURE OF THE FIELD OF STUDY

• Program course shall be called as:

• Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology or
• Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Science

• Four-year program
• One-year internship with rotational duties in different laboratory sections in a
CHED-accredited training laboratory

• Passed the licensure examination

 PROGRAM GOALS

• Develop knowledge, skills, professional attitude and values in the performance

of laboratory procedures
• Acquire critical thinking skills
• Engage in research and community-related activities
 PROGRAM GOALS

• Participate in activities promoting the profession and engage in life-long

learning undertakings

• Develop collaborative and leadership qualities

 EXPECTED PERFORMANCE
OUTCOMES

• Technical competence
• Analytical and critical thinking skills
• Proper collection, analysis, and projection of health information
• Inter-personal skills, leadership qualities, and ethical practice of profession
• Research skills
• Community-oriented activities
• Life-long learning activities
• Effective teaching and communication skills
 PROGRAM CURRICULUM

GENERAL EDUCATION
CORE COURSES
PROFESSIONAL COURSES
 SCOPE OF THE LICENSURE
EXAMINATION

Clinical Chemistry 20%

Microbiology and Parasitology 20%
Hematology 20%
Blood Banking and Serology 20%
Clinical Microscopy 10%
Histopathologic Techniques and MT Laws 10%
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
FOR MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
GRADUATES
 EMPLOYMEN T OP PORTUNITIES

• Medical technologist • Educational representatives

(generalist/specialist) (company/health program)
• Clinical laboratory supervisor • Researcher
• Chief medical technologist (industrial/medical)
• Laboratory owner • Teacher/instructor
(secondary/tertiary levels)
• Sales and public relations
representative • Employment abroad
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST SPECIALIST
PHLEBOTOMIST
INDUSTRIAL OR MEDICAL
RESEARCHER
MEDICAL DOCTOR
MEDICAL SALES REPRESENTATIVE
CLINICAL LABORATORY SUPERVISOR
LABORATORY OWNER
EMPLOYMENT ABROAD
TEACHER/INSTRUCTOR
 REFERENCES

• Cardona, Meim, and Martin (2015). Introduction to Medical Technology Practice

in the Philippine Setting. C and E Publishing, Inc.
• Rabor, R. (2012). Medical Technology Laws and Ethics: A collection of Philippine
Laws, statutes, and codes of medical technology profession (3rd ed.) Philippines:
EDL Printing Press
• Seyoum, Berhau (2006). Introduction to Medical Laboratory Technology. Ethiopia
Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of
Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education
• CHED Memorandum Order 13 (2017). Policies, Standards and Guidelines for
the Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology/Medical Laboratory Science Program
END OF DISCUSSION