How to make wise decisions

1) Revered
Adjective /rɪˈvɪə(r)d/
Tabarruk, izzatli, hurmatli, muhtaram, muborak
• It’s the most famed and revered monastery in Valencia.
2) Exceptional
Adjective /ɪkˈsepʃənl/
1. Maxsus, alohida, favqulodda, mustasno, navbatdan tashqari,
noodatiy, boshqacha
• This deadline will be extended only in exceptional
circumstances.
• This is an exceptional case; I’ve never seen anything like it before
2. G’ayrioddiy, o’zgacha, ajoyib
• At the age of five he showed exceptional talent as a musician.
• The quality of the recording is quite exceptional.
• The company has shown exceptional growth over the past two
years.
3) Experimental
Adjective /ɪkˌsperɪˈmentl/
Tajribaviy, sinov tariqasidagi
• The drug is still at the experimental stage (=sinov jarayonida).
• experimental teaching methods
• experimental theatre/art/music
4) Cumulatively

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Adverb /ˈkjuːmjələtɪvli/
Birgalikda, hamkorlikda
• Cumulatively, these archaeological discoveries give a very clear
picture of Celtic life.
• His administration was plagued by one petty scandal after another,
cumulatively very damaging. Cumulatively
5) Unfold
Verb /ʌnˈfəʊld/
1. Yozmoq, ochmoq, yoymoq
• She unfolded her arms.
• to unfold a map
• He watched her expression as she unfolded the letter.
2. Asta bildirmoq, oydinlash(tir)moq
• As the plot unfolds, you gradually realise that all your initial
assumptions were wrong.
• Dramatic events were about to unfold.
• [~ sth (to sb)] She unfolded her tale to us.
6) Humility
Noun /hjuːˈmɪləti/ [U]
Kamtarlik, pas ketish, kamsuqunlik
• Her first defeat was an early lesson in humility.
• He doesn’t have the humility to admit when he’s wrong.
• They might be very rich, but it wouldn’t hurt them to show a little
humility.
7) At hand

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(close/near) ~ yonida, shay, tayyor
• Help is always at hand if you need it.
• I always keep my calculator close at hand.
8) Sensitivity
Noun /ˌsensəˈtɪvəti/ [pl -ies]
1. Tushunish, odamni tushunish, fahmlash, sezgirlik, anglash
2. san’atni tushunish
3. ko’ngli noziklik, salga xafa bo’lish
4. Noziklik, sirlilik
5. Ta’sirchanlik, sezuvchanlik
9) Day-to-day
Adjective /ˌdeɪ tə ˈdeɪ/ [only before noun]
Har kunlik, kundalik
• The manager is responsible for the day-to-day running of the hotel.
• day-to-day problems/responsibilities
• I have organized the cleaning on a day-to-day basis, until our usual
cleaner returns.
10) Focal
Adjective /ˈfəʊkl/ [only before noun]
Markaziy, eng asosiy
• The focal symbol of sovereignty is, of course, the crown.
• The focal figure of the film is Annette Corley, a dancer who has
boyfriend troubles.
11) Interpersonal
Adjective /ˌɪntəˈpɜːsənl/ [only before noun]

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Odamlar o’rtasidagi, ijtimoiy
• Training in interpersonal skills is essential.
• interpersonal relationships
12) Impartiality
Noun /ˌɪmˌpɑːʃiˈæləti/ [U]
Xolislik, betaraflik, adolatlilik, beg’arazlik
• The state must ensure the independence and impartiality of the
justice system.
• The judges show impartiality and detachment. Impartiality
13) Confronted with sth
duch kelmoq
• Most people when confronted with a horse will pat it.
• When confronted with the documents, Hunter admitted the
charges against him.
14) Spouse
Noun /spaʊs/, /spaʊz/ [formal]
Er, xotin, umr yo’ldosh, juft, jufti haloli, rafiqa
• Fill in your spouse’s name here.
• In 60% of the households surveyed both spouses went out to work.
15) Peak
Noun /piːk/
1. (odatda, birlikda ishlatiladi) eng yuqori nuqta/daraja, cho’qqi
2. Tog’ cho’qqisi/uchi, cho’qqi

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3. uchli shakl, qirrali ko’rinish
4. [BrE] [AmE bill, visor] kepka soyabonchas
16) Recession
Noun /rɪˈseʃn/
(asosan, iqtisodiy) inqiroz, tanazzul
• The economy is in deep recession.
• policies to pull the country out of recession
• These industries have been hard hit by recession.
• The country is sliding into the depths of (a) recession.
Difference
Recession slowdown, slump trough or depression?
Recession butun davlat yoki iqtisodiyotga nisbatan ishlatiladi va bir
necha yillar davom etishi mumkin.
Slowdown, slump yoki trough odatda, muayyan bir biznes
tarmog’iga nisbatan ishlatiladi va nari borsa bir necha oy davom
etishi mumkin.
Depression esa ba’zan inqirozning oddiy odamlarga bo’lgan ta’siri
va natijalarini ifodalashda ishlatiladi.
17) Ego-decetering
Kuzatib fikirlash
18) Associate
Verb /əˈsəʊsieɪt/
1. O’xshamoq, o’xshatmoq, eslamoq, eslatmoq, tasavvur
uyg’otmoq, tasavvur uyg’onmoq, -sa/-ganda xayoliga …
kelmoq

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 2. Qo’shilmoq, gaplashmoq, suhbat qurmoq
• [~ with sb] I don’t like you associating with those people.

• I don’t like these layabouts you’re associating with.

19) Openness
Ochiqlik, ochiq koʻngillilik
20) Agreeableness
Agreeableness is a personality trait that describes a person’s ability
to put others needs before their own. Those who are more
agreeable are more likely to be empathetic and find pleasure in
helping others and working with people who need more help.
21) Retaliate
Verb /rɪˈtælieɪt/
O’ch olmoq, alamidan chiqmoq, o’chini olmoq, alamini olmoq  • If
someone insults you, don’t retaliate as it only makes the situation
worse.
• [~ against sb/sth] The terrorists retaliated against the government
with a bomb attack.
• [~ by doing sth/with sth] The boy hit his sister, who retaliated by
kicking him.

The future of work

1) Consultancy
Noun /kənˈsʌltənsi/ AW [pl. Consultancies]
1. [C] (maslahat berish bo’limi) konsultatsiya
• a management/design/computer, etc. Consultancy

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 2. [U] maslahat, mutaxassis maslahati
• The project provides both consultancy and training.
• consultancy fees consultancy
2) Embody
Verb /ɪmˈbɒdi/
1. Gavdalantirmoq, gavdalanmoq, mujassam
bo’lmoq/qilmoq/etmoq, aks ettirmoq, o’zida mujassam
etmoq
• The spirit of hope is embodied in the character Anna.
• [be embodied in sth] the principles embodied in the Declaration of
Human Rights
• She embodies everything I admire in a real teacher.
Difference
Represent, symbolize or embody?
Ba’zan bu so’zlarning xohlagan biridan foydalanish mumkin:
• He came to represent/embody/symbolize his country’s struggle for
independence.
Represent ushbu ma’noda bu so’zlar orasida eng ko’p uchraydigani
hisoblanadi va bundan tashqari u “ifodalamoq” ma’nosida ham
kelishi mumkin:
• The comments represent the views of the majority;
Embody asosan, boshqa odamlarning umid va orzusini namoyon
etish ma’nosida keladi:
• Jack Kennedy embodied all the hopes of the 1960s;
Symbolize esa ko’pincha biror-bir g’oya, fikr yoki ma’noni beradigan
narsalarga ishlatiladi:

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• The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolised the end of the Cold War
between East and West.
2. [formal] o’zida jo etmoq, o’z ichiga olmoq
• This model embodies many new features.
• the freedoms embodied in the treaty
3) Disembodied
Adjective /dɪsɪmˈbɒdɪd/ [usually before noun]
1. Kimdan yoki qayerdan kelayotgani noma’lum (tovushga
nisbatan)
• a disembodied voice
2. Tanadan ajratilgan / chiqqan
• disembodied spirits disembodied
4) So-called
Adjective /ˌsəʊ ˈkɔːld/ AW
Qo’shtirnoq ichidagi, o’zicha … deb nomlangan, o’zini … deb
ataydigan
• It was one of his so-called friends who supplied him with the drugs
that killed him.
• The so-called experts couldn’t tell us what was wrong.
• The court heard the opinion of a so-called ‘expert’.
5) Outperform
Verb /ˌaʊtpəˈfɔːm/
1. Yaxshiroq bajarmoq
• The company has consistently outperformed its larger rivals.
• Stocks generally outperform other investments.

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• It was yet another case where the human eye outperformed radar.
2. (asosan, sarmoyaga nisbatan) foydaliroq bo’lmoq,
yaxshiroq foyda olib kelmoq
• Georgian silver has outperformed the stock market.
• Even if foreign investments outperform domestic ones, he adds,
higher fees eat up the extra return.
6) Legitimate
Adjective /lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət/
1. Qonuniy, haqli, to’g’ri, asosli
• It is perfectly legitimate to ask questions about a politician’s
personal life.
• Did he have a legitimate excuse for being late?
• It seemed a perfectly legitimate question.
• Politicians are legitimate targets for satire.
• He claimed that the restaurant bill was a legitimate business
expense.
2. Qonuniy turmushdan keyin tug’ilgan
7) Peripheral
Adjective /pəˈrɪfərəl/
1. [formal] unchalik muhim emas, ikkinchi darajali,
ahamiyatsiz, asosiy maqsadga aloqasi yo’q
• The romance is peripheral to the main plot of the movie.
• These are matters of peripheral concern.
• [~ to sth] Fund-raising is peripheral to their main activities.
• The book contains a great deal of peripheral detail/information.

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 2. [technical] chet, bir chekka, uch
• A figure came into my peripheral vision.
• the peripheral nervous system
8) Novice
Noun /ˈnɒvɪs/
1. Yangi kelgan, yangi boshlagan, tajribasiz
• I’m a complete novice at skiing.
• computer software for novices/the novice user
• This is quite a difficult plant for novice gardeners to grow.
2. Yangi dinni endigina qabul qilgan odam
9) Campaign
Noun /kæmˈpeɪn/
1. Siyosiy harakatlar, uyushish, uyushib ish/chora ko’rish,
uyushma
• [~ against/for sth] He’s organizing a campaign against the new
motorway.
• a publicity campaign
• an advertising campaign
• an election/leadership/re-election campaign
• to conduct a campaign
• a campaign against ageism in the workplace
• the campaign for parliamentary reform
• an anti-smoking campaign
• an advertising campaign

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• an election campaign
• the President’s campaign team/manager
• Today police launched (=yo’lga qo’ydi) a campaign to reduce road
accidents.
Grammar
Siyosiy harakatni boshlamoq ma’nosida “make/start a campaign”
birikmasi ishlatilmaydi. Ularning o’rniga “launch a campaign”
ishlatiladi.
2. Ketma-ket hujumlar
• the North African campaign
• Air battles had dominated the campaign.
• a bombing campaign
10) Creep in/creep into sth
xato bo’lmoq
• A few mistakes always creep in during the editing process.
• Doubts began to creep into my mind about the likely success of the
project.
11) Instinct
Noun /ˈɪnstɪŋkt/ [U, C]
Instinkt, ichki his-tuyg’u, tug’mа instinkt, ko’ngil, ko’ngli sezish
• Her instincts had been right.
• maternal instincts
• Her instinct told her that something was wrong.
• [~ to do sth] His first instinct was to run away.

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• [~ for (doing) sth] Animals have a natural instinct for (observing)
danger.
• [~ that…] It is instinct that tells the birds when to begin their
migration.
Difference
Feeling or instinct?
Feeling bu ma’noda, odatda, noxush yoki yomon narsalarni ichki
his-tuyg’ular orqali sezishga nisbatan ishlatiladi. Instict esa ham
noxush, ham yaxshi narsalarni ichki his-tuyg’ular orqali sezishgi
nisbatan ishlatiladi:
• Her instincts were right — he was a man who could be trusted.
12) Dilemma
Noun /dɪˈlemə/
(ikki mushkul imkoniyatdan birini tanlashdan boshqa iloji yo’qlik
holati) dilemma, arosat
• I couldn’t see any way out of the dilemma.
• She faces the dilemma of disobeying her father or losing the man
she loves.
• a moral/ethical dilemma
13) Transition
Noun /trænˈzɪʃn/ AW [U, C]
O’tish, ko’chish
• [~ [from sth) (to sth)] the transition from school to full-time work
• The transition between winter and spring lasts only a few weeks.
• He will remain head of state during the period of transition to
democracy.

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• [~ (between A and B)] We need to ensure a smooth transition
between the old system and the new one.
14) Trajectory
Noun /trəˈdʒektəri/ [pl. Trajectories]
1. (biror jism yoki nuqtaning harakat уо’li/izi) trayektoriya,
otilgan о’q yoki snaryadning yoysimon harakati
• The bomb followed a high trajectory towards its target.
• the trajectory of a bullet/missile
2. Rivojlanish, tus olish
• No one seems satisfied with the trajectory of the peace talks.
• My career seemed to be on a downward trajectory.
15) Fallacy
Noun /ˈfæləsi/ [pl. Fallacies]
Xatolik, xato, xato fikr, noto’g’ri xulosa
• It is a fallacy to say that the camera never lies.
• He detected the fallacy of her argument.
• [+ that It is a common fallacy that women are worse drivers than
men.
16) Apocalyptic

Adjective /əˌpɒkəˈlɪptɪk/
1. Dahshatli, vayronkoq
 • an apocalyptic view of history
• apocalyptic warnings of the end of society

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The novel presents us with an apocalyptic vision of the future.

2. Qiyomatli
• an apocalyptic scene apocalyptic
17) Envisage
Verb /ɪnˈvɪzɪdʒ/ [especially BrE] [AmE usually envision]
Tasavvur qilmoq, umid qilmoq, ko’zda tutmoq
• He wasn’t what I’d expected – I’d envisaged someone much taller.
• [~ sth] What level of profit do you envisage?
• Train fare increases of 5% are envisaged for the next year.
• [~ (sb) doing sth] I can’t envisage her coping with this job.
• I don’t envisage working with him again.
• When do you envisage finishing the project?
18) Redundancy
Noun /rɪˈdʌndənsi/ [pl redundancies] [odatda ko’plikda ishlatiladi]
[BrE]
1. Ish joylarini qisqarishi
• 200 workers have been issued with redundancy notices.
• to accept/take voluntary redundancy (= to offer to leave your job)
• the threat of compulsory redundancies
• redundancy payments
• Thousands of factory workers are facing redundancy.
2. [U] [formal or technical] keraksizlik, ahamiyatsizlik
• Natural language is characterized by redundancy.

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 19) Seize
Verb /siːz/
1. tortmoq, ushlab tortmoq, tortib olmoq, yulib olmoq 
2. bosib olmoq, egallab olmoq, tortib olmoq, olib qo’ymoq,
musodara qilmoq
3. Ushlamoq, qo’lga olmoq
4. imkoniyatni qo’lga olmoq
5. ta’sir etmoq, butun vujudini egallab olmoq
20) Pre-empt
Verb /ˌpriː ˈempt/
1. Oldini olmoq, bartaraf etmoq
• Her departure pre-empted any further questions.
• A good training course will pre-empt many problems.
• The government announced it had pre-empted a coup attempt.
2. Boshqalardan oldin bajarmoq/aytmoq
• She was just about to apologize when he pre-empted her.
• I do not want to pre-empt anything that the treasurer is going to
say.
3. [AmE] rejalashtirilgan teledastur o’rniga boshqasini qo’ymoq
• The scheduled programme will be pre-empted by a special news
bulletin.
• All the networks pre-empted their regular schedules to broadcast
news of the hijacking.
21) Astounding
Adjective /əˈstaʊndɪŋ/

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Hayratlanarli, ajablanarli
• There was an astounding 20% increase in sales.
• The performance was an astounding success.
• They can perform astounding mathematical feats in seconds.
22) Subsistence
Noun /səbˈsɪstəns/ [U]
Yashashga arang yetadigan miqdorda bo’lish, zo’rg’a yetadigan
miqdorda bo’lish
• Many families are living below the level of subsistence.

Building the Skyline: The Birth and

Growth of Manhattan’s Skyscrapers
 Skyline
Noun /ˈskaɪlaɪn/

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Osmondan ko’rilgan manzara, binolarning osmondagi manzarasi,
ufq, osmon
• From across the river we saw the full sweep of the Manhattan
skyline.
• the New York skyline
 Skyscraper
Noun /ˈskaɪskreɪpə(r)/
Osmono’par bino, ko’p qavatli baland bino
• Tall skyscrapers loomed above us.
 Cluster
Noun /ˈklʌstə(r)/
1. Bir guruh/bog’lam/to’p/o’ram
2. bir to’da/guruh
3. [phonetics] bir nechta birga kelgan undosh harflar
 Firm
Noun /fɜːm/
Firma, kompaniya, savdo uyi, shirkat
• She works for a large firm.
• She set up her own software firm.
• Local firms are finding it difficult to compete in the international
market.
 Comment
Verb /ˈkɒment/ AW
Fikr bildirmoq, izoh bermoq

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• The minister refused to comment.
• [~ that…] A spokesperson commented that levels of carbon dioxide
were very high.
• [~ on/upon sth] I don’t feel I can comment on their decision.
 Incorporate
Verb /ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪt/ AW
1. O’zida jo etmoq, o’z ichiga olmoq, tarkibiga kirgizmoq,
qo’shilmoq, qo’shmoq, tarkibiga kirmoq
• [~ sth] The new car design incorporates all the latest safety
features.
• [~ sth in/into/within sth] We have incorporated all the latest safety
features into the design.
• Many of your suggestions have been incorporated in the plan.
2. (koorporatsiya) tashkil qilmoq
• The company was incorporated in 2008.
 Account
Noun /əˈ‍kaʊnt/
1. (abbr a/c) bank hisob raqami, hisob raqami
2. yozib borish, hisoblash, qayd qilib borish
3. doimiy mijoz
4. profil, shaxsiy kabinet
5. izoh, tavfsilot, tushuntirish
• She gave the police a full account of the incident.
 Subterranean
Adjective /ˌsʌbtəˈreɪniən/ [usually before noun] [formal]

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Yer ostidagi, yer ostida joylashgan
• London has 9 miles of such subterranean passages.
• a subterranean tunnel/cavern/river
 Implementation
Noun /ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃn/ [U]
Amalga oshirish, joriy etish
• Various projects for constructing new schools are under
implementation in the region.
• implementation of the law/agreement
• Implementation of these proposals could have disastrous financial
consequences.
 Grid systems:
in graphic design align screen elements based on columns and
rows. Designers use these to organize content on a page neatly.
They create a consistent and harmonious user experience. These
systems include various types like single-column, multi-column, and
modular grids.
Grafik dizayn ustunlar va satrlar asosida ekran elementlarini
tekislash. Dizaynerlar ulardan sahifadagi tarkibni tartibli
joylashtirish uchun foydalanadilar. Ular doimiy va uyg’un
foydalanuvchi tajribasini yaratadilar. Ushbu tizimlar bir ustunli,
ko’p ustunli va modulli panjara kabi turli xil turlarni o’z ichiga oladi.
 Expend
Verb /ɪkˈspend/ [formal]
Sarflamoq, sarf qilmoq, vaqt ketkazmoq, pul ketkazmoq
• A great deal of time and money has been expended on creating a
pleasant office atmosphere.
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• [~ sth (in/on/doing sth)] She expended all her efforts on the care of
home and children.
 Slum clearance
The demolition of slums, usually accompanied by the rehousing of
the inhabitants, to improve living conditions and the environment
of an inner city.
Shahar ichkarisida yashash sharoitlarini va atrof-muhitni yaxshilash
uchun odatda aholini qayta joylashtirish bilan birga xarobalarni
buzish.
“Mahalliy hokimiyatlar xarobalarni tozalash va gavjumlikni bartaraf
etish uchun quriladigan uy-joylar uchun shartnomalar tuzdilar”
“local authorities placed their contracts for estates to be built for
slum clearance and relief of overcrowding”
 Fraction
Noun /ˈfrækʃn/
1. Bo’lak, qism
• Only a small fraction of a bank’s total deposits will be withdrawn at
any one time.
• He raised his voice a fraction
• They can produce it at a fraction of the cost of traditional methods.
 At a (single) glance
Bir qarashda
• I could see at a glance that it wasn’t his own work.
• He could tell at a single glance what was wrong.
• He could tell at a glance that something was wrong.
 At first glance

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birinchi marta qaraganda, bir qarashda
• At first glance the problem seemed easy.
• There was nothing especially attractive about him at first sight.
• At first glance I thought it was
Grammar
Agarda fraction ko’plik oti bilan keladigan bo’lsa, u holda undan
so’ng ko’plik fe’li ishlatiladi:
• Only a fraction of cars in the UK use leaded petrol.
Agarda u birlik oti bilan ishlatiladigan bo’lsa, u holda AmEda birlik
fe’li ishlatiladi, lekin BrEda ham ko’plik, ham birlik fe’li kelishi
mumkin:
• A tiny fraction of the population never vote/votes.
2. Kasr
• How do you express 25% as a fraction?
• ¼ and 0.25 are different ways of representing the same fraction.
 Enclave
Noun /ˈenkleɪv/
Mamlakatning atrofidagilardan boshqa din, ma’daniyat va millatga
ega bo’lgan hudud
• The northern part of the city is a Christian enclave.
• a Spanish/Muslim/Chinese enclave
• Campione d’Italia is an Italian enclave in Switzerland.
 Amenity
Noun /əˈmiːnəti/ [usually pl] [pl. Amenities]
Qulaylik, yoqimlilik
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• The campsite is close to all local amenities.
• Many of the houses lacked even basic amenities.
 Waterfront
Noun /ˈwɔːtəfrʌnt/ [usually sl]
Suv bo’yida joylashgan rayon, dengiz bo’yidagi
• The hotel is down on the waterfront.
• a waterfront apartment
• The resort has a fine waterfront and a good choice of beaches.
 Attempt
Verb /əˈtempt/
Harakat qilmoq, urinmoq, urinib ko’rmoq
• [~ sth] The prisoners attempted an escape, but failed.
• He attempted a joke, but no one laughed.
• [~ to do sth] I will attempt to answer all your questions.
 Difference
Attempt or try?
Attempt, try so’zidan ko’ra ancha rasmiyroq hisoblanadi va qiyinroq
ishlarga nisbatan ishlatiladi. Solishtiring:
• They tried to escape from the class.
• They attempted to escape from the prison.
 Skeletal
Adjective /ˈskelətl/
1. Skelet bilan bog’liq, suyak bilan bog’liq, skeletga oid
• Skeletal remains of the earliest dinosaurs are rare.

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• He suffered serious skeletal injuries in the accident.
2. Skeletga o’xshagan
• She stretched out a skeletal hand.
• Her body was skeletal (= very thin).
3. Asos, skelet
• He has written only a skeletal plot for the book so far.
 Frame
Noun /freɪm/
1.hoshiya, ramka, rom
2.asos, skelet, tuzilma, rama, kuzov, sinch
3.Qaddi qomat, gavda, jussa
4.Jihat
5.lavha, tasvir
6.saytdagi tepaga yoki pastga sichqoncha orqali tushurib-
chiqarsa bo’ladigan joy
 thick
adjective /θɪk/
1. qalin, yo’g’on
• Try not to make too much noise – the walls aren’t very thick.
• a thick slice of bread
• a thick book
• She was wearing a thick woollen sweater.
• Everything was covered with a thick layer of dust.
3. Zich, qalin
• His eyebrows were thick and bushy.

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• thick forest
• Her thick dark hair hangs all the way to her shoulders.
4. Quyuq
5. Qalin, ko’rish qiyin bo’lgan, quyuq
6. To’la, zich
7. [informal] tentak, ahmoq
8. Inoq, yaqin, qalin
 Load-bearing
Adjective
(especially of a wall) supporting much of the weight of the
overlying parts of a building or other structure.
“a load-bearing wall”
Relating to the carrying of a load.
“the road’s load-bearing capacity”
 Footage
Noun /ˈfʊtɪdʒ/ [U]
Biror mavzudagi yoki voqea aks ettirilgan film
• People see live footage of the war at home on their televisions.
• Woody Allen’s film ‘Zelig’ contains early newsreel footage.
 Regression
Noun /rɪˈɡreʃn/ [U, C]
Avvalgi holatiga qaytish
• [~ to sth] He began to show signs of regression to his childhood.
 Absence
Noun /ˈabs(ə)ns/

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 1. Yo’qlik, kelmaslik, qatnashmaslik, ishtirok etmaslik
• [~ from …] She did not explain her absence from the meeting.
• repeated absences from school
• Mark will be in charge in my absence (=mening yo’qligimda).
• In the absence of the chairman (=boshliq yo’qligida), his deputy
took over.
• A new manager was appointed during/in her absence.
2. Yo’qlik, bor bo’lmaslik, mavjud bo’lmaslik
• The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.
• the absence of any women on the board of directors
• a complete absence of humour
 Indicate
Verb /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ AW
1. Ko’rsatmoq, anglatmoq, bildirmoq, ko’rsatib turmoq, bildirib
turmoq, belgilab bermoq, ishora qilmoq
 Subsoil
Noun /ˈsʌbsɔɪl/ [U]
(ishlanadigan tuproq ostidagi yer qatlami) tagzamin
• Earthworms burrow deep into the subsoil.
 Tenement
Noun /ˈtenəmənt/

Ko’p honadonli bino

• a tenement block

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• families living in overcrowded tenements tenement
 Residence
Noun /ˈrezɪdəns/ AW [formal]
1. turar joy, istiqomat qiladigan joy, yashaydigan joy, qarorgoh,
turargoh
2. yashash joyi, propiska, rezidensiya
3. [also residency] [U] o’zga yurtda yashash uchun ruxsat
 Bedrock
Noun /ˈbɛdrɒk/
1. [sl] asos, tayanch, ustun
2. [U] tuproq sotidagi tog’ jinslari
 Myth
Noun /mɪθ/ [C, U]
1. Afsona, mif
2. Uydirma, safsata
 Assumption
Noun /əˈsʌmpʃn/ AW
1. tasavvur, tushuncha, faraz, qarash, taxmin
2. qo’lga olish, egallash, o’z zimmasiga olish
 Prohibitively
Adverb /prəˈhɪbətɪvli/
1. Sotib olishga yoki amalga oshirishga to’sqinlik qiladigan
darajada qimmatni ifodalab keladi o’ta, o’ta darajada,
ortiqcha
2. Taqiqlab, taqiqlagan holda yoki oldini olib, oldini olgan holda
 Caisson

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Noun
1.A large watertight chamber, open at the bottom, from which the
water is kept out by air pressure and in which construction work
may be carried out under water.
2.HISTORICAL
A chest or wagon for holding or conveying ammunition.
 Empirical
Adjective /ɪmˈpɪrɪkl/ AW [usually before noun]
[formal] tajriba ..., amaliy, tajribaga oid
• Empirical studies show that some forms of alternative medicine are
extremely effective.
• empirical evidence/knowledge/research /study
 Boom
Noun /buːm/
1. Birdan o’sish, keskin oshish/rivojlanish, bum
2. ommalashgan davr
3. kema yo’nalishini o’zgartirish uchun ishlatiladigan uzun yog’och
4. paqqillash, baland tovush, bum
5. suvda qalqib turuvchi to’siq
6. mikrafon tutqichi
 Distraction
Noun /dɪˈstrækʃn/
1. [C, U] chalg’ish, xayol bo’linish 
2. [C] fikrni chalg’ituvchi vosita/narsa 

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Phrases and Idioms
to distraction jazavaga tushish, aqldan ozish
• That dreadful noise is driving me to distraction.
 Exuberance
Noun /ɪɡˈzjuːbərəns/ [U]
Mo’l-ko’llik, mo’llik, to’kin sochinlik, serobgarchilik
• We can excuse his behaviour as youthful exuberance.
 Viability
Noun [U]
1. Muvaffaqiyatli ishlay olish
• In 1836, the French writer Gautier sanctioned the enduring viability
of allegory.
2. [biology] omon qolish yoki muvaffaqiyatli yashay olish
• Pregnancy depends on the viability of the sperm and egg.
• The viability of maize pollen is related to its water content. Viability
 Estimate Verb /ˈɛstɪmeɪt/
Roughly calculate or judge the value, number, quantity, or extent
of.
“the aim is to estimate the effects of macroeconomic policy on the
economy”
Noun
/ˈɛstɪmət/
An approximate calculation or judgement of the value, number,
quantity, or extent of something.
“at a rough estimate, staff are recycling a quarter of paper used”

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  Estimation
Noun /ˌestɪˈmeɪʃn/ AW [formal]
1. Sl chama, taxmin, taxmin qilish, faraz, xayol
• Who is the best candidate in your estimation?
• Since he left his wife he’s certainly gone down in my estimation
(=meni ko’nglimdan qolib ketdi).
• She went up in my estimation (=Unga bo’lgan hurmatim oshdi)
when I discovered how much charity work she does.
2. [C] [formal] baho, hisoblash
• Estimations of our total world sales are around 50 million.
 Impressive
Adjective /ɪmˈpresɪv/
Ta’sirli, zo’r taassurot qoldiradigan, hayratlanarli, ajoyib,
qoyilmaqon, taassurot qoldiradigan
• That was an impressive performance from such a young tennis
player.
• There are some very impressive buildings in the town.
• She was very impressive in the interview.
 Reverse
Noun /rɪˈvɜːs/ AW
1. The reverse [sl] aksi, teskarisi
• This problem is the reverse of the previous one.
• The teachers say my son is slow, but I believe the reverse (is true).
• It wasn’t easy to persuade her to come — quite the reverse.
2. Orqa taraf

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• The coin has the queen’s head stamped on the reverse.
3. [shuningdek, reverse gear] ortga yo’l,
4. [formal] muvaffaqiyatsizlik, yutqazish
 Epilogue
Noun /ˈepɪlɒɡ/
(badiiy asarning oxirgi tugallanuvchi qismi) epilog, xotima
• Fortinbras speaks the epilogue in Shakespeare’s ‘Hamlet’.

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