ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res.

12(10), 420-423

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Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/19655

DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/19655

RESEARCH ARTICLE
LES MALFORMATIONS CONGÉNITALES À RÉVÉLATION NÉONATALE À PROPOS DE 81 CAS
EXPÉRIENCE DU SERVICE DE RÉANIMATION NÉONATALE CHU MED VI TANGER

NEONATAL CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS: A CASE REPORT OF 81 CASES EXPERIENCE OF

THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT, CHU MED VI TANGIER

Dr. Lamiae Bouhyaoui, Pr. Fatima Ezzahra Tahiri, Pr. Kaoutar Ettouini, Pr. Mouna Zouini, Pr. Kaoutar
Khabbache, Pr. Youssra EL Boussadani and Pr. Abdellah Oulmaati
Neonatology Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Tangier, Morocco.
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Manuscript Info Abstract
……………………. ………………………………………………………………
Manuscript History The aim of this study is to describe and analyze the various congenital
Received: 15 August 2024 malformations diagnosed in our department, and to cite some probable
Final Accepted: 18 September 2024 etiological factors. Over a one-year period, we collected 81 cases of
Published: October 2024 newborns with clinically apparent congenital malformations. Boys
were the most affected in 55.5% of cases, with a sex ratio of 1.25.
Key words:-
Congenital Malformation, Prevalence, Musculoskeletal malformations accounted for 30.8% (25 cases),
Risk Factors followed by polymalformations 27.1% (22 cases), CNS malformations
22.2%, digestive tract and anterior abdominal wall malformations
12.3% (10 cases) and urogenital malformations 7. 4% (6 cases of
hypospadias). We noted a relationship between the occurrence of
congenital malformations and advanced maternal age (p<0.05), parity
(p<0.05), the presence of a chronic pathology in the mother, mainly
diabetes (p=0.02), and family history of congenital malformation
(p<0.001).

Copyright, IJAR, 2024,. All rights reserved.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
Introduction:-
Congenital malformations are a real public health problem. Their etiology is multifactorial, determined by a series of
genetic and environmental factors[1].

Materials and Methods:-

The aim of this study is to describe and analyze the various congenital malformations diagnosed in our department,
and to cite some probable etiological factors.

This is a prospective descriptive and analytical study of 81 cases of newborns hospitalized in the neonatal intensive
care unit of CHU Med VI in Tangier over a one-year period from February 01, 2023 to January 31, 2024. The cases
were processed and analyzed using SPSS software.

Results:-
A total of 487 births were hospitalized during our study period, of which 81 cases, or a percentage of 8.6%, were
carriers of clinically apparent congenital malformations. The average age of the mothers was 31.4 +/- 6.5 years

Corresponding Author:- Dr. Lamiae Bouhyaoui 420

Address:- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology Mohammed VI University
Hospital, Tangier Morocco.
ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 12(10), 420-423

(ranging from 21 to 41 years). Multiparous women accounted for 58% (47 cases) of mothers with a malformed
newborn, and 17.2% (14 cases) had a family history of congenital malformation. Pregnancy was poorly monitored in
60% of cases. Males were most affected in 55.5% of cases, with a sex ratio of 1.25 (Figure 1). The average age of
malformed newborns was 2 days ± 1.56 (1 day and 11 days), and 66 cases (81.4%) were born at term.
Musculoskeletal malformations accounted for 30.8% (25 cases), followed by polymalformations 27.1% (22 cases),
CNS malformations 22.2% (18 cases: 10 hydrocephalus, 5 spina bifida and 3 anencephaly), digestive tract and
anterior abdominal wall malformations 12.3% (10 cases) and urogenital malformations 7. 4% (6 cases of
hypospadias) (Figure 2). We noted that there was a relationship between the occurrence of congenital
malformations and advanced maternal age (p<0.05), parity (p<0.05), the presence of chronic pathology in the
mother, mainly diabetes (p=0.02), and family history of congenital malformation (p<0.001) (Figure 3).

0 0
masculine

44.50% feminine

55.50%

Figure 1:- Male prevalence.

30.80%
27.10%
22.20%
12.30%

Figure 2:- Topography of congenital malformations.

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Risk factors in congenital malformations Significance level

Advanced maternal age (>35 years) P<0,05

Parity P<0,05

Chronic pathologies in the Mother P<0,02

Family history of congenital malformation P<0,001

Figure 3:- Risk factors for congenital malformations.

Discussion:-
In our study, male sex predominated with 55.5%. This rate is close to that found by Coulibaly F et al [2] (67.77%)
and Hama A et al [1] (67.09%). Youl H [3] also found a male predominance with 53.6%. Our result is contrary to
those of Abraham[4] and R. M. Mashako et al [5] who found a female predominance with rates of 54.54% and
53.8% respectively. The frequency of congenital malformations in our study is 8.6%. The diagnosis of these
malformations was essentially clinical. The frequency of these anomalies varied from series to series. This could be
explained by the target population or sample size, depending on the study. Our result is close to that reported in a
Nigerian study (7.85%[1]), but higher than that reported in a CHU de RABAT study (4%[6]), an Egyptian study
(2%[7]) and an Indian study (1.03%[8]), although the rate reported in a study carried out in Haiti is higher
(14.8%)[9].In our study, malformations of the musculoskeletal system were the most frequent at 30.8%, followed by
polymalformations at 27.1% and CNS malformations at 22.2%. We believe that this last significant rate of nervous
system malformations could be explained by the absence of folic acid intake in the pre-conceptional period and
during the third trimester of pregnancy in the mothers. Studies in Morocco (Rabat University Hospital [6]) and
Africa (Burkina Faso [3] and Nigeria [1]) show that these same malformations are the most prevalent. Other studies
carried out in developed countries, on the other hand, show that cardiac anomalies predominate [10, 11]. We have
noted that there is a relationship between the occurrence of congenital malformations and: parity (p<0.05), the
presence of a chronic pathology in the mother, essentially diabetes (p=0.02), a family history of congenital
malformation (p<0.001) and advanced maternal age (p<0.05). This last result is in line with the observations of
several authors who found a significant association between advanced parental age and a high risk of malformed
births [12,13]. As for the rest of our results, they are close to those reported in other studies: for example, at the
University Hospital of Rabat [6],Risk factors significantly associated with the occurrence of congenital
malformations were the use of drugs (antiepileptics) and/or herbs (fenugreek) during pregnancy (p < 0.001), the
presence of a chronic pathology in the mother, mainly diabetes (p < 0.001), a family history of congenital
malformation (p < 0.001) and twin pregnancies (p = 0.028). In India [8], multigestitewas a risk factor for congenital
malformation.

Conclusion:-
Congenital malformations are frequent in our context. The search for the factors involved offers hope for mothers at
risk. We stress the importance of pregnancy follow-up and education in health centers, with collaboration between
gynecologists and neonatologists.

Conflict of interest:
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest in relation to this article.

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