0% found this document useful (0 votes)
29 views12 pages

Mythology - Midterm Coverage

Bksk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
29 views12 pages

Mythology - Midterm Coverage

Bksk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

ROMANCE MYTHOLOGY

refers to the numerous tales and stories within various mythologies that
center around love, passion, and relationships between gods, goddesses,
mortals, and even mythical creatures.

ORPHEUS is a poet and musician whose playing of the kithara (a harp-like


lyre) is so divine that the birds, the beasts, even the stones and the trees
move to the rhythm of his songs.

EURYDICE was the Auloniad wife of musician Orpheus.

APHRODITE goddess of love and beauty.

ADONIS best known for being the Greek god of rebirth, as well as the god of
beauty and desire.

EROS god of love, son of Aphrodite.

PSYCHE goddess of the soul, her name meant “breath of life,” and she was
linked closely to the inner human world.

ODYSSEUS known for being a warrior in the Trojan War and for suggesting
the Trojan Horse plan.

PENELOPE is known for her fidelity to her husband Odysseus. Queen of


Ithaca and was the daughter of Spartan king Icarius and Asterodia.

Hippomenes was known to have been one of the disciples of Chiron.

ATALANTA was a skilled human huntress.

ALCYON A Thessalian princess, the daughter of King Aeolus of Aeolia. Refers


to a sea-bird with a mournful song or to a "kingfisher bird" in particular.

CEYX Husband of Alcyone. Son of the Morning Star, king of Trachis.

HERO a priestess of Aphrodite. who dwelt in a tower in Sestos on the


European side of the Hellespont.

LEANDER a young man from Abydos on the opposite.

IPHIS born female and raised as male, who was later transformed by the
goddess Isis into a man.

IANTHE water-nymph daughters of the Titans Oceanus.

PYGMALION known for his realistic reproductions of nature in his art. fell in
love with a beautiful statue of a woman he created.
GALATEA "She who is white like milk." she is carved from the palest
alabaster ivory.

PYMARUS, He lived in Babylon and was the lover of Thisbe.

THISBE was a Boeotian nymph, from whom the town of Thisbe derived its
name.

THE STORY OF ORPHEUS AND EURYDICE

ORPHEUS

1.Greatest of all human musicians

2. Played the lyre

3. Had been married Eurydice

4. Mother is Calliope

5. Father is either Oeagrus of Thrace or greek God Apollo

EURYDICE

1.Married to Orpheus

2.Forest nymph

3.Died from snake bite

4.Decended to Hades

➤ Orpheus was a legendary musician, poet, and prophet in ancient


Greek religion and myth He has an ability to charm all living things and even
stones with his music.

➤ He was the son of one of the Muses and a Thracian prince.

Eurydice was an oak nymph or one of the daughters of Apollo (the


god of light). She was the wife of Orpheus.

Orpheus met and wooed the maiden he loved, Eurydice.

• They were married, but their joy was brief

• Directly after the wedding, as the bride walked in a meadow with


her bridesmaids, a viper stung her, and she died.
• ➤ Orpheus' grief was overwhelming. He could endure it. He was
determined to go down to world of death (underworld) and try to
bring Eurydice back.

• ➤ He dared more than any other man ever dared for love. He
took the fearsome journey to the underworld.

• ➤ He climbed into a cave and through a dark passage that led to


the underworld.

• ➤ In Styx (river) he struck his lyre, and at the sound all that
vast multitude were charmed to stillness.

• ➤Tantalus, Sisyphus and Ixion, each condemned for heinous


crimes against the gods.

• ➤ AT LAST ORPHEUS CAME TO THE PALACE OF HADES AND


PERSEPHONE, KING AND QUEEN OF THE UNDERWORLD. BEFORE
THEY COULD ORDER HIM TO LEAVE; HE BEGAN HIS GENTLE
SONG, PLEADING FOR EURYDICE.

• ➤ THEY SUMMONED EURYDICE AND GAVE HER TO HIM, BUT


UPON ONE CONDITION:

• THAT HE WOULD NOT LOOK BACK A HER AS SHE FOLLOWED


HIM, UNTIL THEY HAD REACHED THE UPPER WORLD.

• THEN HE TURNED TO HER IT WAS TOO SOON; SHE WAS STILL


IN THE CAVERN. HE SAW HER IN THE DIM LIGHT, AND HE HELD
OUT HIS ARMS TO CLASP HER; BUT ON THE INSTANT SHE WAS
GONE. SHE HAD SLIPPED BACK INTO THE DARKNESS. ALL HE
HEARD WAS ONE FAINT WORD, "FAREWELL."

• Desperately he tried to rush after her and follow her down, but
he was not allowed. The gods would not consent to his entering
the world of the dead a second time, while he was still alive.

• He was forced to return to the earth alone, in utter desolation.


Then he forsook the company of man.

• He wandered through the wild solitudes of Thrace, comfortless


except for his lyre, playing, always playing, and the rocks and the
rivers and the trees heard him gladly, his only companions.

• But at last, a band of Maenads [women] came upon him.... They


slew the gentle musician, tearing him limb from limb, borne
along past the river's mouth on to the Lesbian shore; nor had it
suffered any change from the sea when the Muses found it and
buried it in the sanctuary of the island. His limbs they gathered
and placed in a tomb at the foot of Mount Olympus......and there
to this day the nightingales sing more sweetly than anywhere
else.

ATALANTE AND HIPPOMENES STORY

ATALANTA

Atalanta was a woman from Greek mythology, suckled by a bear


and raised by hunters after her father, disappointed that he did
not have a son instead, left her on a mountaintop as an infant.
She became a great hunter and athlete and was later accepted
by her father, who wanted her to get married.

HIPPOMENES

Hippomenes, also referred to as Melanion, is one of these minor


characters. He was said to be the son of Megareus, the king of
Onchestus, or of Amphidamas, a prince of Arcadia. He is best
known for his courtship of Atalanta.

Atalanta is a heroine from Greek mythology but when she was


little her father wanted to have only male children and she was
abandoned in a forest.

The little girl was left at the mercy of the beasts in a fate that
seemed terrible but surprisingly she ended up taken in and
raised by a bear along with two Cubs.

When she was still a child, she was found by hunters who
decided to raise her from then on.

From a young age Atalanta showed an innate talent for


hunting she joined the hunting pack that followed the goddess
Artemis.

Atalanta's father regretting having acted incorrectly against his


only daughter asked her for forgiveness.

The young girl went on to attend her father's Court her father
sconius King of cadmes was very proud of his daughter, she
was known to be faster than a Road Deer.
Atlanta became even more famous after attending the
Caledonian boar hunt. This ended tragically with maliga's death,
after this event

Atalanta was given a prophecy if she were to marry, her life


would go into ruin. But Atalanta was beautiful and the daughter
of a king, she had hundreds of suitors, her father fearing his
daughter's fate prepared a plan to protect her.

Many put their lives on the line to marry at Atlanta but they all
died after the demise of so many suitors the king believed that
his daughter was safe, But

There was still a young man named hippomenes he was


known for running very fast. Atalanta had met him already
and knew that he could run at a faster speed than she could, but
she also knew that he was unable to maintain that speed for very
long.

The young hippomenes were in love with the beautiful


Atalanta. A temple of the goddess of love he asked Aphrodite
for help to seduce the young woman. The goddess appeared
with golden apples and gave him instructions to follow during
the race.

It was time for the contest the couple prepared for the start
hippomenes took the lead, but Atalanta was not worried she
knew that the young man would not be able to keep up the pace
for long.

Hippomenes began to lose speed and Atalanta was about to


overtake him at this moment hippomenes took out of his bag
a golden apple which caught the girl's attention.

He dropped one of the apples on the ground Atalanta impressed


by such a precious thing bent down to pick it up, the young man
managed to distance himself but after picking up the Apple
Atalanta ran even faster.

The Finish Line was near but Atalanta Drew closer to hippomenes
quick as an arrow just as hippomenes was about to be overtaken.
He dropped another Apple Atalanta could not resist the urge and
bent down to pick up the fruit, hippomenes crossed the
Finish Line first fulfilling his promise.
The king gave his daughter's hand to hippomenes, hippomenes
and Atalanta got married but contrary to the prophecy
everything seemed to go well,

However the couple forgot to thank the goddess Aphrodite


for allowing that Union. And the deity did not like ungrateful
people, the goddess decided to punish them and fostered
lust in the couple unable to control their instincts.

They had sex inside the Temple dedicated to Ria mother of Zeus
furious at such a lack of respect. Ria the powerful Titan turned
the beautiful couple into lions as punishment.

Atalanta and hippomenes were destined to pull the Glorious


Chariot of Ria the Glorious mother of the Olympian gods.

ALCYONE AND CEYX STORY

Showing arrogance to the gods the lovely Alcyone was the


daughter of Aeolus, the Greek god of the wind, and her
mother was either Enarete or Aegiale. She was the
devoted wife of Ceyx, King of Trachis, in central Greece.
Ceyx ruled his kingdom with justice and in peace. Alcyone and
Ceyx were admired by gods and mortals alike for their great
physical beauty, as well as the profound love they had for each
other. They were so happy in their marriage that they used to
often playfully call one another Zeus and Hera. This
infuriated the chief of the gods who regarded it an audacity. Zeus
waited for the proper time to punish the arrogant couple who
dared to make themselves comparable to gods. Ceyx was still in
mourning over his brother's death and deeply troubled over
some ominous signs that had observed. So, he decided to
consult the oracle of Apollo at Carlos in lonia (Western
Anatolia). Alcyone, however, tried to dissuade her husband from
his decision to travel through the dangerous seas to consult the
oracle. She reminded him of the danger from the fury of the
winds which even her father, the god of the winds, often found
difficult to control she put pressure over her husband to take her
along with him. But Ceyx wouldn't put his beloved wife through
unnecessary danger. Alcyone watched with a bad feeling as the
ship carrying her husband was getting away from the harbour.
The punishment Zeus, the chief god, decided this was an
opportune time to punish the couple for their sacrilege. He
launched a thunderbolt that raised a furious hurricane
engulfing the ship which began to sink. Ceyx realized that
the end had come for him and, before he got drowned, he prayed
to the gods to allow his body be washed ashore so as to enable
his beloved Alcyone to perform the funeral rites. As Ceyx gasped
his last breath, his father Esophorous, the morning star,
watched helplessly, shrouding his face with clouds, unable to
leave the heavens and rescue his son. The lovely Alcyone waited
for her husband for a long time, praying continually to the gods,
especially Hera, queen of the gods, for the safe return of
Ceyx. Hera felt profound sorrow for the tragic fate of Ceyx.
She sent her messenger Iris, goddess of the rainbow, to look
for Hypnos, the god of Sleep and comforter of the afflicted, to
whom was assigned the mission of gently informing Alcyone
about the death of her husband. Hypnos, in his turn,
entrusted the mission to his son Morpheus, an expert in
forming apparitions.

Morpheus created a life-like specter of Ceyx which revealed


to Alcyone the tragic circumstances concerning the shipwreck
and death of her husband. In profound grief, Alcyone ran to the
seashore beating her breasts and tearing her garments. She
suddenly beheld the body of a man that had been washed
ashore. Coming closer, she realized it was the body of her
beloved Ceyx. After performing the last rites and unable to
continue living without her husband, Alcyone threw herself into
the sea and got drowned, determined to join her husband in the
land of the dead. The gods on Olympus were profoundly affected
by the tragic fate of Alcyone and Ceyx, as well as their wonderful
love for one other which not even the frosty hands of death could
extinguish. To atone for his rash action that was responsible for
this tragedy, Zeus transformed the couple into the Halcyon birds
(kingfisher).

Odysseus and Penelope's story

love is a story of enduring loyalty, patience, and faith. Despite


being separated for twenty years due to the Trojan War and
Odysseus's long journey home, their bond remained unbroken.
When Odysseus was a young king (in the land of Greece),
he was called to a council of all the Greek kings and leaders.
Their mission: to find the right match for the gorgeous and very
eligible princess Helen. She was a beauty unparalleled in her day
and quite rich with powerful political connections, so all the men
of the land were crawling over one another to marry her. But not
Odysseus. When he arrived, his eyes had settled upon another -
Penelope, Helen's cousin. So while all the other kings literally
beating each other to pieces and threatening war over Helen's
hand, Odysseus had a word with Penelope's uncle over the
matter of marrying her. But the uncle was a shrewd man - he
wouldn't give permission for nothing, so Odysseus made a deal.
"I will get the other Greek lords to stop fighting and agree
peacefully on the right match for Helen if you will grant me
Penelope's hand," he said. The uncle agreed.

So Odysseus made a pact with the Greek Kings - "We must all
agree to defend the man who marries Helen, that way we may all
avoid a civil war. I personally have no wish to marry Helen, so I
will be first to make the oath to protect he who marries her."
Odysseus was no + one to trifle with, as they all knew, so the
Greeks assented. Menelaus drew the lot and married Helen.
Odysseus got Penelope. Everyone went home happy (or not), and
that was that. A couple of years later, Odysseus and Penelope
are happily married and have a newborn son named Telemachus.
Everything is great! Until the prince of Troy named Paris
abducts/woos Helen onto his boat and takes her back to Troy. Her
husband Menelaus gets mad, declares war on Troy, and starts
calling on all those kings who promised to protect him. Among
the Greek leaders summoned was Odysseus, the king of Ithaca,
known for his cunning and strategic mind. However, Odysseus
had no desire to leave his wife, Penelope, and their newborn son,
Telemachus. To avoid joining the war, he devised a ruse,
pretending to be mad. He plowed his fields with salt instead of
seeds, showcasing his supposed insanity. Palamedes, a wise and
clever hero, suspected Odysseus was feigning madness. To
expose him, he placed Telemachus in front of Odysseus's plow.
Upon seeing his son in danger, Odysseus revealed his true
sanity, demonstrating his love for Telemachus. Reluctantly, he
agreed to join the Greek forces heading to Troy.

As Odysseus fought valiantly in the war, Penelope remained loyal


to her husband, awaiting his return. After the war, Odysseus
faced numerous trials on his journey home, including encounters
with mythical creatures and vengeful gods. He was held captive
by the nymph Calypso for several years, but his heart always
longed for Penelope and their home. Back in Ithaca, the absence
of Odysseus led to chaos. Suitors flocked to their palace, vying
for Penelope's hand, believing Odysseus to be dead. They
feasted and demanded her attention, pressing her to choose a
new husband. Yet, Penelope remained steadfast, devising clever
tricks to delay her decision. She promised to choose a suitor
once she finished weaving a tapestry, only to secretly unravel
her work each night. Meanwhile, Telemachus grew into a young
man and set out on a journey to find news of his father. He
visited the great leaders of Greece, gathering tales of Odysseus's
adventures and inspiring hope for his return. His quest fueled
Penelope's determination, as she clung to the belief that
Odysseus would one day come back to her. After the Trojan War,
Odysseus, the clever king of Ithaca, set out to return home to his
wife, Penelope. His journey was fraught with peril. First, he and
his men plundered the Cicones but were soon attacked and
forced to flee. They then encountered the Lotus-Eaters, who fed
them a plant that made them forget their homes, and Odysseus
had to drag his men back to their ship.

On the island of the Cyclops, they were trapped by Polyphemus,


a giant. Odysseus tricked him into getting drunk and blinded him,
escaping while Polyphemus cursed him. Next, the wind god
Aeolus gave Odysseus a bag of winds, but his crew opened it,
blowing them off course. They faced cannibalistic giants and the
sorceress Circe, who turned his men into pigs but later helped
them. Odysseus then visited the Underworld to seek guidance
from the prophet Tiresias about how to safely return home and
understand his fate and learned to avoid the cattle of the sun
god Helios. As they sailed home, they faced the Sirens, whose
songs lured sailors to doom, but Odysseus tied himself to the
mast to resist their call. Navigating between Scylla and
Charybdis, he lost some men but kept the ship safe. Eventually,
his crew disobeyed orders and killed Helios's cattle, leading to a
storm that destroyed their ship, leaving Odysseus as the sole
survivor. He washed ashore on the island of Calypso, who kept
him captive for seven years. Eventually, the gods helped him
escape, and he finally returned to Ithaca. When Odysseus
returned home to Ithaca after his long journey following the
Trojan War, he found his household overrun by suitors vying for
the hand of his wife, Penelope, believing Odysseus to be dead.
Disguised as a beggar, Odysseus observed the situation in
secret, testing the loyalty of his servants and family

He revealed his identity only to his son, Telemachus, and with his
help, plotted to deal with the suitors. Penelope had remained
faithful to Odysseus, delaying the suitors by claiming she would
choose one of them once she finished weaving a shroud, which
she secretly unraveled each night. Odysseus eventually revealed
himself by stringing his bow and shooting an arrow through
twelve axe heads, a feat only he could perform. Afterward, he
and Telemachus killed the suitors and restored order to the
household. Finally, he reunited with Penelope, who tested him by
asking about their bed, a secret only they knew. Odysseus
passed the test, and they were reunited. Odysseus was helped
by Athena, the goddess of wisdom and warfare, to disguise
himself upon his return to Ithaca. She transformed him into a
beggar to conceal his identity from the suitors and allow him to
assess the situation at home without being recognized. Athena
provided guidance throughout his journey, supporting him in
various ways to reclaim his home and family.

APHRODITE AND ADONIS STORY

A beautiful young hunter. - Young man was worshipped by the


flower nymphs. His beauty was so striking that he look like a
God. -A good Looking mortal from Greek mythology, was loved
the goddess Aphrodite and desired by Persephone. APHRODITE -
was the Olympian goddess of love, beauty, pleasure and
procreation. She was depicted as a beautiful woman often
accompanied by the winged godling Eros (Love).

She did not know that Eros was ready to pull another one of his
pranks. -Eros shot Persephone with one of his arrows. -The Queen
was now also inlove with the boy -Persephone decided that
Aphrodite should enjoy it while she could because one day the
beautiful boy would be hers - Aphrodite was overzealous of
Adonis fearing that the young and daring hunter would injure
himself on his hunts. - Adonis kept telling Aphrodite not to worry
because he was very experienced. *He also promised not to take
any chances. -Aside from Persephone, there was one more God
who is keeping an eye on the boy, his name was Ares the God of
war who was Aphrodite's lover. - He bore a great hatred for his
rival. - Ares knew that the young man's love for hunting rivaled
his love for Aphrodite. -Ares plotted his revenge on Adonis. -
Adonis roamed the woods -He stumbled upon a mighty boar. -
Adonis ended up forgetting the promis he made to Aphrodite of
not risking himself needlessly. Adonis chooses to fight the beast
and manage to wound it:

-Ares inflated the beast's heart with unbridled fury. The boar
decided not to flee preserved its life but to furiously charge
adonis. He drove his powerful tusks into Adonis's abdomen. -
Adonis was mortally wounded. - Aphrodite came running to his
aid but there was nothing more she could do. - Adonis died in
Aphrodite's arms. - She burried Adonis and upon his tomb grew
beautiful red flowers that were named ADONIS. - As one goddess
wept, another in the underworld was beaming and waiting for the
arrival of the most beautiful man who ever lived. - The powerless
goddess of love watch the arrival of Hermes who was there to
lead Adonis's soul: -Adonis was welcomed in the underworld by
spectres who treated with great honors. -The boy was surprised
at such a reception. - He had no idea of the love that the Queen
of the underworld had for him.

-Persephone's loyal spectres lodge the boy in a special room in


the royal place. - While Hades the Underworld King was asleep
his Queen broke into her guest's chamber - Persephone cornered
the young boy but he try to dodge her. - He dreaded Haiti's
revenge. But the Goddess told him not to worry. -If Adonis didn't
tell the God, Persephone wouldn't tell him either. - He gave in to
the Goddess's lust - The sneaky encounter continued day after
day. - Aphrodite longed for her lover and decided to go down to
the hades realm and rescue her sweetheart. - She found Adonis
there serving the underworld Gods and said she was there to
bring her beloved Adonis back to the surface.
goddess of love invading his kingdom and making demands. -
Hades said that he did not care of Aphrodite's will. - Hades said
that Adonis will remain in underworld because he appreciated
the services rendered by the young man. - Aphrodite threatend
to extinguish all love from the face of the earth. -Only bitterness
and grudge wouls remain between the couples. - Hades ousted
Aphrodite from his kingdom. - She left in tears but her treaths
were not empty. -Throughout the world, love between couples
began to dwindle. - The relationship between Zeus and Hera
usually strained was becoming unbearable.

-Zeus decided that something had to be done. - He called for a


meeting with Hades, Persephone, and Aphrodite. - He also
suggested h hades take the possession of Adonis just like the
agreement he had made with the Goddess demeter. - Every third
of a year, Adonis should stay in the underworld the next third he
would spend on the surface with Aphrodite. - Hades took issues
with Zeus's intrusion into matters og his kingdom. - But knowing
that Adonis as -Persephone's favorite servant, he said he would
not accept such an offer. -Persephone said that if it was for the
good of all she would allow adonis to resurface and return to his
husband's kingdom only when winter was approaching. - Hades
did not understand why Persephone would release Adonis
without putting up a fight. -Spring arrived and Adonis departed to
meet his lover Aphrodite - But summer meant that Adonis have
to leave - Hades had not anticipated summer is also the time
that Persephone comes out of the underworld to find her mother

-Spring arrived and Adonis departed to meet his lover Aphrodite -


But summer meant that Adonis have to leave - Hades had not
anticipated summer is also the time that Persephone comes out
of the underworld to find her mother - During the summer,
Adonis and Persephone each other without bothering about being
caught by the underworld king. -But the quarrel between
Aphrodite and Persephone remained.

You might also like