The Causative Variables in Second
Language Acquisition
(AGE)
Group 9
Bingil Sunshine
Dela Cruz Wennaden
Federis Ashley
Limutan Jeanny
AGE
-younger acquirers are better at second language
acquisition than older acquirers.
-it can be argued, however, that age is not in itself a
predictor of second language rate or attainment , and that
here too everything reduces to the quantity of
comprehensible input and level of the affective filter.
Krashen, Long, and Scarcella
(1979)
-reviewed the available empirical research
on the effect of age and second language
acquisition and concluded that all published
studies were consistent with these
generalization:
A B C
Adults proceed Acquirers who
through the early Older children begin natural
exposure to
stages of second acquire faster second language
language
than younger during childhood
development generally achieve
faster than
children, time higher second
children do( where and exposure language
proficiency than
time and exposure held constant. those beginning
are held constant). as adults.
To simplify, children acquire the language faster
because they only acquire the SIMPLE LANGUAGE
UNITS is because of the brain's elasticity and rapid
neural formation that babies and young children are
able to learn languages at a faster rate.. Unlike adults,
the brain of an adult is acquiring COMPLEX OR
AVERAGE TO COMPLEX UNITS that's why adult takes
time to sink in the information.
The Causative variables in
Second
Language Acquisition
(ACCULTURATION)
ACCULTURATION
- process of social, psychological, and cultural changes that
stems from the balancing of two cultures while adapting to
the prevailing culture of the society.
-the modification of the culture of a group or individual as a
result of contact with a different culture.
SCHUMANN'S ACCULTURATION
HYPOTHESIS(1978)
hypothesized that acculturation is the "major casual variable" in second
language acquisitiin
second language acquisition is just one aspect of acculturation and the
degree to which the learner acculturates to the target language group will
control the degree to which he acquires the target language.
acculturation can be viewed as a means of gaining comprehensible input
and lower the filter.
2 TYPES OF ACCULTURATION
• Type one acculturation •Type two acculturation
- learner is socially integrated
-has all the characteristics
with the native speakers of the
target language. of type one
-develops sufficient contact - learner regards the native
with the speakers that enables
speakers as a reference
the learners to acquire the
language-psychologically open -learner adopts the lifestyle
to the target language(TL) such and values of the speakers.
that input to which he is
exposed becomes intake.
The Heidelberg Project by
Schumann 1978
-he discovered that either leisure or work interaction was
effective in encouraging second language acquisition
-confirms that it is interaction, and the resulting comprehensible
input, that "causes" second language acquisition
Are you ready?
THE CASE OF ALBERTO
by Schumann
-Studied a Spanish-speaking adult living in the United States who
appeared to be at a considerable psychological and social
distance from English speakers.
-Alberto's speech showed marked signs of pidginization, i.e. lack
of several grammatical morphemes, little use of inversion in
questions, and use of more primitive transitional forms in
negation.
-Alberto thus fits the Acculturation Hypothesis, since he showed
little second language acquisition and little acculturation
Pidginization and Creolization of
Languages 2
Pidgin - grammatically Enculturation - the Acculturation is
simplified means of process by which
necessary for
communication that an individual
assimilates to his pidginization
develops between two
or more groups that do
own culture or to with low filter
some segment of
not have a language in and appropriate
it, i.e. the case of
common: typically, its
European elite comprehensible
vocabulary and professionals who input.
grammar are limited acquire English in
and often drawn from their own
several languages countries
Pidginization and Creolization of
Languages 2
Creole- combined Creole speakers Acculturation may
gradually acquire
language between "motivate" second
closer versions of the
language acquisition. As
two speakers who standard as they are
acculturated into the the individual acquirer
have their own target culture. This acculturates into a
unique languages acculturation brings culture, he obtains more
them into contact
created for the input via more
with speakers of the
purpose of standard and makes interaction, and is more
communication them more "open" to "open" to it.
the input (lowers the
filter).
Thank Have a
great day
you! ahead !
