Assignment 3
Landslide Early Warning System using WSN
PRN:- 202101040251
Name:- Parth Wattamwar
Class :- WMN
Review of 'Wireless Sensor Network-Based Landslide Detection and Early
Warning System'
Abstract
The landslide early warning system using a wireless sensor network (WSN). It
integrates temperature, soil moisture, and angle sensors with an Arduino UNO
microcontroller to monitor environmental parameters and transmit data via ZigBee
modules. The real-time data is displayed on an LCD at the base station, offering
potential early warnings to mitigate landslide risks.
Introduction
Landslides are prevalent natural disasters, especially in hilly regions like Bhutan,
causing loss of life and damage to infrastructure. The research highlights the
significance of landslide monitoring systems in preventing such calamities. The
authors propose using WSN technology due to its advantages in rapid data
collection and processing. The limitations of WSNs, such as low power and memory
constraints, are acknowledged, emphasizing the importance of energy-efficient
solutions like ZigBee.
Landslide Typology and Causes
Landslides based on their movement type, material composition, and rate of
movement. Bhutan, with its steep terrain, faces landslides primarily due to heavy
rainfall and seismic activity. This context underscores the importance of monitoring
soil moisture and slope stability.
System Architecture
The proposed system comprises:
1. Sensors: Temperature, soil moisture, and angle sensors detect environmental
changes.
2. Arduino Microcontroller: Serves as the central hub for sensor data processing.
3. ZigBee Communication: Facilitates wireless data transmission to the base station.
4. LCD Display: Provides real-time monitoring and alerts.
The architecture is efficient for landslide-prone areas, as it is modular, scalable, and
adaptable to various terrains.
Sensor and System Testing
Each sensor underwent rigorous testing to ensure reliability:
- Temperature Sensor (LM35): Demonstrated proportional voltage output with
temperature changes.
Fig.1 LM35
- Soil Moisture Sensor (YL69): Detected varying soil moisture levels, crucial for
predicting landslides during heavy rains.
Fig.2 YL-69
- Angle Sensor (MMA7361): Accurately measured slope variations using tri-axial
inputs.
Fig.3 MMA 7361
- ZigBee: It is a wireless communication protocol based on the IEEE 802.15.4
standard. It is designed for low-power, low-cost, and low-data-rate applications,
making it ideal for use in wireless sensor networks, industrial automation, smart
homes, and IoT applications.
Fig.4 Zigbee
The testing validated the sensors' capabilities to detect conditions indicative of
landslides.
Key Components
- Arduino UNO R3: The microcontroller's compatibility with the sensors and ZigBee
simplifies system integration.
- ZigBee Module: Its low-power wireless communication ensures reliable data
transfer within a 10–100m range.
- Power Supply: A custom-designed circuit provided stable 5V DC power for the
components.
- LCD Display: Offers a user-friendly interface to display alerts and sensor data.
Prototype and Simulation
The system was simulated in PROTEUS, validating the power supply and overall
network design. A physical prototype demonstrated the system's functionality,
successfully triggering alerts based on sensor thresholds. This practical
demonstration reinforced the system's applicability in real-world scenarios.
Conclusion and Future Scope
The study effectively demonstrates a cost-efficient and reliable landslide
detection system using WSN technology. The integration of hardware and
software was seamless, and the results were promising. Future
improvements could include:
- Incorporating GSM modules for extended communication.
- Customizing threshold values based on detailed geological studies.
- Enhancing scalability by collaborating with IT departments for broader
deployment.
Critical Analysis
1. Strengths:
- The modular design ensures adaptability to various terrains and use cases.
- The choice of ZigBee for wireless communication optimizes power
consumption.
- Rigorous testing and simulation validate the system's reliability.
2. Limitations:
- The system's dependency on ZigBee limits its range and scalability.
- Lack of real-world deployment data restricts understanding of long-term
feasibility.
3. Suggestions for Improvement:
- Incorporate solar power to address energy limitations in remote areas.
- Extend the communication range using hybrid technologies like GSM and
LoRaWAN.
- Develop a mobile app for real-time alerts to increase accessibility.
Conclusion
This research presents a viable solution for landslide detection and early warning
using WSN. While the system shows promise, addressing its scalability and energy
efficiency will be crucial for widespread adoption. The methodology and results
contribute significantly to disaster management literature, especially for landslide-
prone regions like Bhutan.
