Scribd
Upload
6 views

Lecture 2 Data Communication

Uploaded by

Ali kombo hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

Lecture 2 Data Communication

Uploaded by

Ali kombo hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

DATA COMMUNICATION

Data communication is the process of transferring data from one place to another or between two
locations. It allows electronic and digital data to move between two networks, no matter where
the two are located geographically, what the data contains, or what format they are in. A
common example of data communication is connecting your laptop to a Wi-Fi network. This
action requires a wireless medium to send and receive data from remote servers.

The effectiveness of a data communications system depends on four fundamental characteristics:


delivery, accuracy, timeliness, and jitter.
i. Delivery. The system must deliver data to the correct destination. Data must be received by
the intended device or user and only by that device or user.
ii. Accuracy. The system must deliver the data accurately. Data that have been altered in
transmission and left uncorrected are unusable.
iii. Timeliness. The system must deliver data in a timely manner. Data delivered late are
useless. In the case of video and audio, timely delivery means delivering data as they are
produced, in the same order that they are produced, and without significant delay. This kind
of delivery is called real-time transmission.
iv. Jitter. Jitter refers to the variation in the packet arrival time. It is the uneven delay in the
delivery of audio or video packets. For example, let us assume that video packets are sent
every 30 ms. If some of the packets arrive with 30-ms delay and others with 40-ms delay, an
uneven quality in the video is the result

A data communications system has five components


i. Message. The message is the information (data) to be communicated. Popular forms of
information include text, numbers, pictures, audio, and video.
ii. Sender. The sender is the device that sends the data message. It can be a computer,
workstation, telephone handset, video camera, and so on.
iii. Receiver. The receiver is the device that receives the message. It can be a computer,
workstation, telephone handset, television, and so on.
iv. Transmission medium. The transmission medium is the physical path by which a
message travels from sender to receiver. Some examples of transmission media include
twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, and radio waves.
v. Protocol. A protocol is a set of rules that govern data communications. It represents an
agreement between the communicating devices. Without a protocol, two devices may be
connected but not communicating, just as a person speaking French cannot be understood
by a person who speaks only Japanese
Data Flow Communication between two devices can be simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex.

Simplex
In simplex mode, the communication is unidirectional, as on a one-way street. Only one of the
two devices on a link can transmit; the other can only receive (Figure a). Keyboards and
traditional monitors are examples of simplex devices.

Half-Duplex
In half-duplex mode, each station can both transmit and receive, but not at the same time. When
one device is sending, the other can only receive, and vice versa (Figure b). Walkie-talkies and
CB (citizens band) radios are both half duplex systems.

Full-Duplex
In full-duplex, both stations can transmit and receive simultaneously (Figure c). One common
example of full-duplex communication is the telephone network. When two people are
communicating by a telephone line, both can talk and listen at the same time. The full-duplex
mode is used when communication in both directions is required all the time.

You might also like