Systems Analysis and Design, 11e (Kendall)

Chapter 1 Systems, Roles, and Development Methodologies

1.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) Which of these software packages is not open source software (OSS)?

A) Microsoft Windows
B) Mozilla Firefox Web browser
C) Apache Web server
D) a Linux operating system
Answer: A

2) Which of these characteristics is most important to a systems analyst?

A) communicator
B) problem solver
C) programmer
D) project manager
Answer: B

3) Which of these statements concerning the systems development life cycle is true?
A) Designing the system is the first step in the SDLC.
B) No phase can occur until the previous phase is completed.
C) Although each phase is presented discretely, it is never accomplished as a separate step.
D) There is widespread agreement that the SDLC is composed of seven phases.
Answer: C

4) System maintenance must be performed to ________.

A) correct software errors
B) add new features that have never been requested before
C) remove features that none of the users are using
D) keep programmers employed
Answer: A

5) Which of these is not used by analysts when adopting CASE tools?

A) communicating more effectively with users
B) expediting the local area network
C) increasing productivity
D) integrating the work done during life cycle stages
Answer: B

6) An encyclopedia that is used to store all project information is called ________.

A) a data dictionary
B) an upper CASE tool
C) a CASE repository
D) a lower CASE tool
Answer: C

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7) Which of the following is not a dimension used to categorize an open source community?
A) programming style
B) environment
C) user community
D) licensing
Answer: A

8) When program software is distributed free with the code or computer instructions available for
anyone to modify, it is called ________.
A) freeware
B) code independent software
C) a distributed system
D) open source software
Answer: D

9) Object-oriented approaches use what industry standard for modeling object-oriented systems?

A) artificial intelligence
B) a distributed system
C) the unified modeling language
D) multi-view
Answer: C

10) Which of the following is not one of the fundamental components of the agile approach?
A) pressure
B) values
C) principles
D) core practices
Answer: A

11) Which of the following is not one of the four values of the agile approach?
A) communication
B) expertise
C) simplicity
D) courage
Answer: B

12) Which of the following questions would not be used by the analyst when determining the
human information requirements of a system?
A) What needs to be done to make the system audible, legible, and safe?
B) How can the system be made within the approved budget?
C) How can the system be made pleasing or even fun to use?
D) How can the system support a user's individual work tasks and make them more productive in
new ways?
Answer: B

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13) Which of these is not a reason for an organization to participate in open source communities?
A) lowering costs
B) speeding up development
C) desire to give something back to the community
D) to avoid a review process
Answer: D

14) Decision makers are beginning to understand that ________ is not just a byproduct of
conducting business, but a critical factor in determining the success or failure of a business.
A) information
B) decoration
C) hesitation
D) frustration
Answer: A

15) As a(n) ________, an analyst draws on professional expertise concerning computer hardware
and software and their uses in the business.
A) supporting expert
B) consultant
C) programmer
D) agent of change
Answer: A

16) The most prominent quality of an analyst is that of a(n) ________.

A) problem solver
B) consultant
C) programmer
D) agent of change
Answer: A

17) The ________ summarizes what has been discovered about the users, usability, and
usefulness of current systems; provides cost-benefit analyses of alternatives; and makes
recommendations on what (if anything) should be done.
A) systems proposal
B) database design
C) template
D) development life cycle
Answer: A

18) ________ tells users how to use software and what to do if software problems occur.
A) Program specifications packet
B) Software development life cycle
C) Programming guidelines
D) Documentation
Answer: D

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19) One important justification for CASE tools is to increase analyst ________.
A) confidence
B) productivity
C) skill
D) gratification
Answer: B

20) In the information requirements phase of the ________, the analyst is striving to understand
what information users need to perform their jobs.
A) Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
B) human-computer interface
C) keyboard
D) human-computer interaction
Answer: A

21) Software that is distributed free along with the program source code is called ________.
A) closed source software
B) open source software
C) Microsoft Windows
D) outsource software
Answer: B

22) The ________ is based on values, principles, and core practices.

A) fragile approach
B) open source approach
C) closed source approach
D) agile approach
Answer: D

23) The most comprehensive and responsible role that the systems analyst takes on is that of a(n)
________.
A) agent of change
B) compromiser
C) leader
D) consultant
Answer: A

24) The ________ is a phased approach to analysis and design that holds that systems are best
developed through the use of a specific cycle of analyst and user activities.
A) systems development life cycle
B) agile approach
C) object-oriented approach
D) open source approach
Answer: A

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25) After the system is installed, it must be ________, meaning that the computer programs must
be modified and kept up to date.
A) maintained
B) replaced
C) replicated
D) CASE'd
Answer: A

26) ________ is an approach that is intended to facilitate the development of systems that must
change rapidly in response to dynamic business environments.
A) Agile method
B) Systems development life cycle
C) Object-oriented analysis and design
D) Open source approach
Answer: C

27) ________ are those for which the conditions, condition alternatives, actions, and action rules
can be determined.
A) Useful decisions
B) Sequential decisions
C) System-wide decisions
D) Structured decisions
Answer: D

28) The design phase also includes designing ________ that will store much of the data needed
by decision makers in the organization.
A) databases
B) flow charts
C) spreadsheets
D) software design models
Answer: A

29) Which of the following statements are not true about maintaining software?
A) Software is modified.
B) Software is kept up to date.
C) Properly maintained software allows more time for new systems development.
D) It accounts for between 48% to 60% of the total time spent developing systems.
Answer: C

30) Which of the following is not a factor in choosing a cloud provider?

A) If a client of the cloud services provider is hacked, how will it adversely affect other
businesses the cloud provider is hosting?
B) How can your client be certain that someone at the cloud provider or their staff working for
other clients has access to your organization's data in case of emergency?
C) How can your client be sure data are completely deleted from cloud systems when these
systems are eventually decommissioned?
D) Are there too many nonstandard practices and proprietary programming structures in use,

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making transferring data out of the question?
Answer: B

31) A CASE ________ is a large collection of records, elements, diagrams, screens, reports, and
other information stored about a particular project.
A) repository
B) database
C) flow chart
D) booklet
Answer: A

32) The four values of the agile approach are ________.

A) communication, simplicity, user centered design, and courage
B) communication, courage, principals, and core practices
C) communication, values, feedback, and courage
D) communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage
Answer: D

33) Object-oriented approaches use the industry standard for modeling object-oriented systems,
called ________ to break down a system into a use case model.
A) Extensible Markup Language (XML)
B) HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
C) Unified Modeling Language (UML)
D) Vector Markup Language (VML)
Answer: C

34) The agile approach and the ________ approach both allow subsystems to be built one at a
time until the entire system is complete.
A) systems development life cycle
B) unified modeling
C) try and try again
D) object-oriented
Answer: D

35) Which of the following is not a reason an analyst should choose the Systems Development
Life Cycle approach?
A) Systems have already been developed and documented using SDLC.
B) It is unimportant to document each step of the way.
C) Upper-level management feels more comfortable or safe using SDLC.
D) There are adequate resources and time to complete the full SDLC.
Answer: B

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1.2 True/False Questions

1) User involvement throughout the systems project is of little importance in the successful
development of business information systems.
Answer: FALSE

2) The three primary roles of the systems analyst are as consultant, supporting expert, and
change agent.
Answer: TRUE

3) When analysts are hired specifically from outside the business to address information systems
issues within a business, they are acting as supporting experts.
Answer: FALSE

4) Each phase of the system development life cycle is accomplished as a discrete, separate step.
Answer: FALSE

5) The first SDLC phase that the analyst enters into is that of determining information
requirements for the particular users involved.
Answer: FALSE

6) A systems proposal is prepared after the analysis of system needs.

Answer: TRUE

7) During the life cycle of an information system, more time is spent in system maintenance than it took
to design and develop the system.

Answer: TRUE

8) CASE tools have the potential of increasing systems analysts' productivity.

Answer: TRUE

9) CASE tools can allow the user to easily draw and modify diagrams.
Answer: TRUE

10) The most rapidly growing type of computing is cloud computing.

Answer: TRUE

11) ERP stands for enterprise response planning systems.

Answer: FALSE

12) Rapid elasticity is one of the five essential characteristics of a Cloud Development Life
Cycle.
Answer: TRUE

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13) Broad network access is one of the five essential characteristics of a Cloud Development
Life Cycle.
Answer: TRUE

14) The three service models of the CDLC include: Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a
Service (PaaS), and Information as a Service (IaaS).
Answer: FALSE

15) It is important for the analyst to determine the human needs of the users involved in a
development project.
Answer: TRUE

16) A systems analyst should never be hired specifically to address information systems issues
within a business.
Answer: FALSE

17) A systems analyst should never draw on professional expertise concerning computer
hardware and software and their uses in the business.
Answer: FALSE

18) As a systems analyst, you are an agent of change whenever you perform any of the activities
in the systems development life cycle and are present and interacting with users and the business
for an extended period of time.
Answer: TRUE

19) Problem solving is never a good quality for a systems analyst.

Answer: FALSE

20) In the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), several activities may occur
simultaneously, and activities may be repeated.
Answer: TRUE

21) When implementing a new system, it is always best to determine the human needs of the
users involved.
Answer: TRUE

22) When answering questions concerning human-computer interaction (HCI) the analyst should
ask questions such as, "What are the users' physical strengths and limitations?"
Answer: TRUE

23) Part of the logical design of the information system is devising the human-computer
interaction (HCI).
Answer: TRUE

24) The second phase of the systems development life cycle begins with the documentation of
the software being designed.
Answer: FALSE

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25) Data flow diagrams (DFDs) record the input, processes, and output of the business's
functions.
Answer: TRUE

26) The three major tools for analyzing structured decisions are structured English, decision
tables, and decision trees.
Answer: TRUE

27) In the design phase of the SDLC, the systems analyst uses the information collected earlier to
accomplish the logical design of the information system.
Answer: TRUE

28) After a system is implemented, businesses spend little money on system maintenance.
Answer: FALSE

29) CASE tools were created explicitly to improve an analyst's routine work through the use of
automated support.
Answer: TRUE

30) Visible Analyst (VA) is not an example of a CASE tool.

Answer: FALSE

31) Two words that characterize a project done following the agile methodology are interactive and
incremental.

Answer: TRUE

32) During the exploration phase of the agile development process, you explore your
environment.
Answer: TRUE

33) In contrast to the first stage of the agile development process, the planning stage may take
months to accomplish.
Answer: FALSE

34) The phases in UML are similar to those in the SDLC.

Answer: TRUE

35) The SDLC and object-oriented approaches both require extensive planning and
diagramming.
Answer: TRUE

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1.3 Short Answer Questions

1) List the three primary roles of the systems analyst.

Answer: The three primary roles of the systems analyst are consultant, supporting expert, and
agent of change.

2) List four of the seven phases of the systems development life cycle.
Answer: Identifying problems, opportunities, and objectives - Determining human information
requirements - Analyzing system needs - Designing the recommended system - Developing and
documenting software - Testing and maintaining the system - Implementing and evaluating the
system

3) Describe a situation in which an analyst would choose to use object-oriented systems analysis
and design rather than the systems development life cycle.
Answer: Students should describe a situation in which the system to be designed must change
rapidly in response to dynamic business environments or are undergoing continuous
maintenance, adaptation, and redesign.

4) What is open source software?

Answer: OSS is software where many users and programmers can study, share, and modify the
code, or computer instructions.

5) What are the four values of the agile approach?

Answer: The four values of the agile approach are communication, simplicity, feedback, and
courage.

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