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29 views33 pages

Wa0000.

https://www.scribd.com/document/713349639/3-SEM-BCS306A-OOP-WITH-JAVA-LAB-MANUAL-2023-24-1

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Ds6-se te ssB-SC} Hilbert. . “Trae form * Hi lbext. Inansfouni~ Amplitude net. chonge Pye hate ee Define hilbert transerm Ls8 seuss and its properties, | Phay. Spectrum “7 The phase 2. of oll the components of a 9! jven Aigncd ou i, by tve st -ve freq 90" Hiner stnfenaten h.o.-time. ts galled Ailbert of the als a #Alusays in \tene demain y ; “ ccbve \Preqn > -90". Yoo pastas ingyen —ve freq» —x +90". 5 ae eee ‘Tbonatler a time clomain Aigral'g} (Ct) enfth the its [pregency domain opfweadh gfF)s the pilbert Cranefor és given by $Ct) = 1+ lt) —@ gtt) 7 original Te glen nied, 7 ° gted = (gl), dz —-+-@ wf (ez) inverse of H.T 7 at Ate)= ( : st) = Sce)+j3Ct) S(#)= -jSqnlP)sce) e@ 4 ste) = s(#)-+j(—jsgn (2)5@29) | i ‘complex envelope The spectrum @ hous complex @ | Adding spectrum & @ we ull get oben é —_- & > - E als : piste =S ascp. Fro s(@) +3 5, <0 S(t) — Pass bond / Band Pass Slt) HT of signe! Fk) — Complex envelope envelope of narrow bond S,Ct) sve pre- 4 acme t__.© - Scey 23Csce) + Sa (4) = Be) eB put eqn O in eg O” SeCe) = scot jF By the alefinttien eh 7 envelope Sx(t) 4 eqpal te te evdgh, pas dignal se). Ghenepore exprrersing the bard af s(t) tn towns of 7 corriespercting complex envelepe S(t), “ . (ated) 2: aby Genieh con ve ae in caxtesioun Jorn as &Ct) = Sxl) 4) sale) —@ Sx(t) - tnfrbase cémponert “ Salt) - Quadragenphase : Put eqn @ in eqwO ) ares slt)= Re Uéxle)tJ satt)yes*™**) —>@ By Exuten's eqwatien, Eaker'§ eqye amtet acartfet tJ sinlarrfet) —»@) Eqn@ can be uvitien od . s(t) = Re [excedconCersce) -Sacvrstontee) + The Complex envelope Slt) batime veryping phaser Sr, Sa plone cath. the Hime wveruying $5 fig) Time varying phaser oliagxam cow Foiw poss signal ushich is band Limited te ~-w & 409), uhh can Lyger ard aypthedze" Bince beth SxCt) onal: Salt) be nepyeserted by analy be cyeutiian POTLEe latvew Ine =1-3180 Zee SE) = Sle Sn HALEY S.Ct) = sect) alt) 41521298: (4) Geometak Repsesentation of the elgnal! Oxithegonalt : Beth shld bas a0! 'te cach ’ [pur aloae =o... |, i. other, é wate . Nemo: ation 2 -Oathonarimol lermalisation L] oo (Bases [aredt= ("erat =4 Function é ¢ Jo mepresent any set of M any energy signal a: Linean combination of N edhensumal base functor whee NM. For a given zeal value energy aignals 5,C€), Sate) - we Salt) each, ef cluration T can be uvitten ere) = 2 mut f pera _r6 Fela; oles Ine cotfffetort of expaessions art defined as + . . f site) y(t). ot (P=. - 0M oO Si jet23 ---N She neal valve bases functions 4 4, lt), hs(t)-~ -- Bult) | foun an ertheneunal #et, Ste j(t) = 6 __.@ | xthe cenditien «: each base bunction is nemalized te have uit energy, llth eack other * She bases function ane excthogonct, uulth sespective intenvel O tw T. 5 Synthesizer Ctr) sett Plaser Cee) | y The Byrthesiyr 4e" generating the hignal at transmitter urhich consist ef bank of NS number multipliers uth ecich multi plier having Shs eur boasts function followed by Armen whnalygen ter, gowteg 2 st & signal vertex a pfe tag. - wn which Bobletist veg ‘Asus : y comer) input anc + Bank of N Integrators wilh. Mts in ‘b en * Dhe® Leomi artie' Representation a si ae case, nererctation of 2 aigral gor Ne® mes Sa ga 531 Base function equetfenss : Ce) Ce) Ei(e) = Sint) P2C4) + Su Sua Ct) Gs (E+ SalOH? i) \ ut Slt) Ly S3(4)= S32Ct) Balt) + Sau cergilt) We may define Length % vectors aurd| angles betwee bof ISU the vectors o The Leng of vector is denoted by te 4g | the “squaned fength any signal vector St is define “BB be frien poseluct Of Si usth ieselh. [Isl = Si St 3 eo ue er = & sij~ ‘ us JF . | The enengy ch the signal Silt) for. dunation T bs undtten oS ; Ei = U)-dt| —-@ Pid eqpatton OF er © : a : 4 ef fEsael o> f : J I 25 #00] fz deceit 3G g z 2 [i cartown fee fag ‘ ca &=|1s7t—+® By using Eveliedien formula, erengy signals an given by || si- sell? = Bl si -50)? - {ose = Su ce))2 alt CoslOi,) = Si Sx SHEN SA Gnamschmidt Oxthogenalisation function: x Consider oa set % mM neal valved energy signal olefined - by S(t), $2(6),-- ---- Smt) «Tu dint base function Slt) can be definet od, (4) = -) Senay HE EE 7 Enengy af the Aigrod S.() = VEd,0) —- © SCE) = Slt) Alt) —"@) where the ceefficients of | . oo 4 So JE ond fy lt) =A Gt eney/Noralized Using the signal S.Ct), we can clefina the cachhivert S$,CE), Sor S21 chia =f S,(t)-¢, tat | @ wed iswaralite perils Fo.te) x [aete) = Sale) - 5.08) : | Ga chetps in connecting | basis fonction. Dike fo | where ble) i erthogenal over the interval © fT. * Ihe secord basis function filé) can be clefined , as f c . “ | alt) = galt) L Fe ae Ao 7S Sat = Buleostitube eqn @ in eqn @. ° fale) =, Sele) Slt) hf wy f Goce Sail)- guat S,Ce)~ Sail) di Ct) aCe) = is th tee Te Sacey)* + Gare) 2Salt)Sult 2 ge i + Atey] J+ Sait Piet yb, (4): $2 e - | \ | bbe oe de 2 F8 \ yf le ¥5a17-283] $. = ste asnle Bi? = Sar the th aaliate gurction gle) we. o (e) * Si mn fatermediate ferction gilt) we can jon $e) as, Ale) re ® D Consider signal, , y f get, consists wy of? 8408) and 8yl6) os 9, 2b aye | amit ectho: ization als ae porscedune , fr g % oge noua! boosts furetion bere, gins - a) : Bet ansthen watgn el aon $alt)= Ps Ce) iN=S . e[BsAl|~- check fe the signal Ainecody ndleprenclert ot ‘not x dn the abeve example 3 signals wu Lines indeprencdert, C51 $2183] ond Airecsiley Glefendent is Sa (8.453 254) wHence the number ef basis function i 3 £4,,9nh She ees % the dignal® S,le) ee 'S7 Ces ae ‘sp2Ctrde hi eas f? s2te-dt @ ji = fe ledé % 215 Sa (75, ce). A Cede % 2s 2 4-[B dt Tv Ts " T Ys Jz (eh 2% 3 { dedt a a5 \ ut rad ay &s s sslerde | Vs - i deolt % - by eH = [7%] : i 4 b = [gi-t @ [354] €,: aT —= , oo, | gee got) a pet gol) = Salt) ~Soa Ce): Balt = SaCt): GCE) ” Sar = f sates pilevde Saar [Sater galt) dé F 3 =f? a [Re ar “(fee “JE [eee Jz fede “ele | ETO ya “ones ENE TS Sa & Sa Kave a commen S3 & Sy shed shane 53 Sy should a a s . conunen triowal, if net FE ones . Gs g 52 overlap) ts nero [23 & 5: de net ovedap] Pei ee g(t) = S9(t) — Saale) » foie) —S31(e): A/Ct) + 4 (AWA OUP) ba. biteunediate function, re cannést Ge Airce 3 grwr- Bos seers Gt) = a Range 25 t& T, ft) =O hence gxlt=1 [Range | Galt) = Salt Sealtl- pace) — sactl OLY? = galt) Compose the Zignals, pet consisting plgrals S.Ct), $,) anc $,(¢) 05 shou below Using gran, Sebunilt erthogonalisation procedure. bird the orthonormal boris function gern yen act fa aignel. oo" : v / 5) Consider 4 4ignal ts Gincealy Padehendent an net. thes fev the 2 y / toes signals eve ineaodly 7 te dn the abeve signals, indleprencert they at Silt), $2) & £0) Hence the nenler of basis punitien 6 three (D1), 60) he * She energy of the gignal SiC), Th B= [* stide J lt = 7 f aude = fae } | . 4 | Adt = ated, ACt-oJ 2 €,= f $27 CE) dt 2 fw? ae = fede = t6(2-0F fez =32 o 4 =H V32-Cay : e = 4 = ra ef V32-16 Vle @ ds *_2t© L gy led = Sp (ed- Salt) CO FralO- te VfrPghley-ae i 2 Saiz [4s5ce). gilerde Gis [ SsCl)- paler de ‘ as = Gnas Se fF aed-at + s At s ? ve = freee ' pa : = 3(t], 2 -3f2-9 = 3C{t-oJ 2-30] 3-3 gs(t) = 3-301-CdDCOD . _ ta 3-3-3 octe3 LM based Junction rnuat howe Aifpererd Cimits. Thoufere we need te chargt the Lind Ele = 3-307 -C€-3)00) 228 [= 2] ae2te8 s(t) = __gst (Ex - Sq)? - S32” gatt) -O@+0 =e Vat~ 32-03)? = 2 V27-4-4 a 3 [Oste= 1] este P@lb= 1 , osbed @(e-1,42t2 2 dsl-1, 2223 Compare the signals, » 5 2}-——— st) =e s.(4) 6 t Pict) = cea Ppltle-lidees2 1 ° >t gr Lae) -I e thease Bye) — | ° C beh { silt) = 28Ct) sylt) = Ahi) #4D,(E) SP ) pileyt 2p, (Eb Belle) « Dlonsiclern a f S.Ct) anol S3lt) of oe ee ] fae M53 Wem] 62le)+ S3(t) SiCt) Balk) + dale) = f(t) N=2 288 ghee wwe ane net Pindling Blo + The energy or the eignel. Sat), anf Sr leledt ne Brdt é #fP aeett Achunilt orthragenalisation fee - Le Ll get cont ng. & ignals Silty, alos veies mn B,C 2O She e) dhs Cr) = SapCer AD H Sa, = f So0t)- 6:00) -d# é . f@lor-de é $3): O} ofte4 36) ph alt) * 3], BO shee “thee bone comrherm ing A Ssaand Pr. Conversion ‘of Continusus Awe) Chomel nto vector Channel 6 sla ° erent eo, x Transmitter ushich sencs each signal for duration t even a channel. \& The channel is the Linean time Pavesuiait channel ara nlb) i uti'te goussian neise- ; xA set of PA signal [Mr sila] can weaved 26 a set b bin SF ae = ‘ : SU) tne) Tz. ts at , * boa) S Ihe equivalent meclel of the channel ts - at nl€) = XC4) = Si(4)+ cle) fei2----M *The eutput Of the co-melator can be elusdtten as XP fn geet = [Birra pede = [Tse i+ f Wer pjledae . y = Si oy she Sij bo detouninastic component | xj clue to the transmitted <"gnal Silt) wy ik a Sampled value of mandem vaerdable liu & channel noise. a peace? New defining Rancem prccest, 8) and nicer, whore ull the sample function nce) g wlt) Hitheed te Analyse the neon umhenien Optimum Recefveur Ling Coherent detection Teel gencttore P (selgo)) Le POSITS) | , a. fp Ukebinecd Fe (sols) } Beevers Pe (s\1Se))) * eLikelthood function: ; wha MY + dhe conditien prevability ai function iB avd tte 28 yoo Ht % Bes 4x fi) AWGN —=O ove he Likelihecd function is defined of 7 Lali) = Pe (x 1M) Lema = fe Cxlm) aR Penetibien. Fer AwGns neise tHe Likeliheed function és olofined os LOM) = =1 2 Cy-sy)2@ OR a ferme. + Moximum Likelfhood decoding! x(t) Ms ; [7s [Observation Bud por thet fin each ta slot of dwation “ee seconds, ene of im pessitte Agra A S1Ct), S2Cbd--- Slt) ik Crevumitted oven o channel’ x(t) can be uinitten as xt) = Silt)+ wb) wushen the necefved Aignal %Ct) is applied tw the bank of n comreloters, the eutfuct ef correlators awe defined as observation vectors. Br (7) = fx Cx ms) bh Omir) = bx Cx Imi) Awan , Lomi) wal 2 Gg- i> + the? Stpenvation vector frenporms o mapping Om Ete ie ett alt of, the tnansrnitted zynbel: eIne Mi would minimize tht probability of emers in the decision making precess- » Suppese that we make a clecigion m=, She pootability af ewe in ths decislon can be uvditen as PeCmil x) = 1- PCMt Sent Lx) wohe clectslon cule is reffered as macinum apesteion ' piliey Th. fe CLM) £20) 7 Te -* Poor Probl ty of trdnamibing eignal Pelx) 7? Unconditional Probalttlity 4telx | My) —7 Condition Prcstrability “Dectsforn sute for Nee & M=4 Congicleung the Likeltheed eqpation, Lime LZ z oy-sy)” pinecone 2 (xy -si P= Ns, ga rant davehion cow? Ba Bla 22, isi Divide by 2 Connelotion Kecefver? Pash et el) : te Demodulator BE $ wrist é sa a L as o vaginal é jee ¢ TPZ9AW ‘ \ Wen Signal Tx Decoder Aw ueer ks © wy ad Be a wk Ruabon ey OL een mack ha Rye ne Sh - slits x | data GP mgMawass ad sects bolttintaws ab fe eR infolet | Mlatehedl. Cites _ Kx ‘ ; ap star}, 7 st) = “Lontte nofse w(t) “x i @ Pee " Ree signe ——]b.00- oh \nma x(t) ~ 7 1 é i = ~ 4 ees}, des Piptbad bev dE wed for detection of stgral in base band tra ? -ptuien © Fass band transmission x She tmpulse Aecponse & matched to the shops of the input aigred Lb called as matched filter. tea time hrvestant filter for ¢ Co NV adhe clevice uses a Mine detection & fule traraniited over & y c5ovupded by channel netse w(t): : Ibe peqpinment ofr matched Vers Ot Q) Lie Ci) Ine Ake rust be checked at 4 Instant in a bi fod “chin Ai tb nei catia is moainum files ee? poobabili by must be avnirum. vlet us consider a necetven model with a LTE pli 4 Impudse nesponée nt) : « With the necclved iy x(t) given os Input @ q pre flier, te eubput Lor be, taped, a gtd =f2cOnjle-®) dz +O = ’eTne Trdegnal can be evaluated over ta dunation o + osteT- Eqr® can be sitter as, eeT Sp I nctioy . pot 43) ea xlehnylT- Holt —+@ alorsiden the cleteatonrs basecdl an bank of correlators ) the output of fj corvieloter is defined ab T ajted = f “reer ay lelalt —-@ e tor Yjl0)= Ki) njlT-t)= pjlt) jos BAT hp lO = PiCT-O Hence the ge eralized equation can be ews Yer as ple) = @CT-E) ) OF EST

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