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PROJECT

Ramesh Bandari
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Suggested Model of Project Report

1. Name of the student:
2. Class: Medium:
3. Roll No.:
4. Title of the project:
5. Introduction:
6. Objectives:
7. Hypothesis:
8. Method:
9. Data analysis – tables:
10.Interpretation/Problem solving:
11.Result:
12.Conclusions: 13. References:
Ramesh Bandari

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QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Solution of a Quadratic Equation by
Completing the squaring method

PROJECT

Ramesh Bandari
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Student’s Name: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class: 10 Medium : English Roll No. : ___
Name of the Project: Solution of a Quadratic Equation
by Completing the squaring method.
Aim: To derive the formula for solution of a quadratic equation
by completing the squaring.
Hypothesis: Every quadratic equation has a solution.
Method: I will do this project in a theoretical approach method.

Ramesh Bandari

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Objectives: Students are able to solve the quadratic equation by

Completing the square method.
Introduction:
An equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0 is called
a quadratic equation, where a, b and c are constants.

A real number 𝜶 is said to be a root of a quadratic equation,

ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, if a.𝜶2 + b. 𝜶 + c = 0.

Here, 𝜶 is also called the solution of quadratic equation.

Any quadratic equation can have at most two roots. Ramesh Bandari
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Process: Solution of a Quadratic Equation

by Completing the squaring method.
Let us try to solve x2 + 4x – 4 = 0 by factorization method.
To solve the given equation x2 + 4x – 4 = 0 by factorization method,
We have to find ‘p’ and ‘q’ such that p + q = 4 and p x q = - 4.
We have no integers p, q satisfying above equation.
So, by factorization method we cannot solve the given equation.
Therefore, we shall try another method.
So, we now introduce the method of completing the square.
The idea behind this method is to adjust the left side of the
quadratic equation so that it becomes a perfect square of the
first-degree polynomial and the RHS without x term.
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Process: The process is as follows:

x2 + 4x – 4 = 0 x2 + 4x = 4 (Transfer constant term LHS to RHS)
x2 + 2.x.2 = 4
Now, the LHS is in the form of a2 + 2ab.
If we add b2 it becomes as a2 + 2ab + b2 which is perfect square.
So, by adding b2 = 22 = 4 to both sides we get,
x2 + 2.x.2 + 22 = 22 + 4 = 4 + 4
(x + 2)2 = 8
x + 2 = ± 8 (since take square root both sides)
x=–2± 8
Ramesh Bandari
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Now consider the equation 2x2 + 5x + 1 = 0.

Note that the coefficient of x2 is not 1. So we divide the entire equation by 2.
𝟓 𝟏 𝟐 𝟓 𝟏
We get 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙+ =𝟎 𝒙𝟐 + . 𝒙. + =0
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟓 𝟏
𝒙𝟐 +𝟐. 𝒙. = − (Transfer constant term LHS to RHS)
𝟒 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝟓 𝟐 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟏
Now add on both sides, we get 𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟐. 𝒙. + = −
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟐

𝟓 𝟐 𝟐𝟓 𝟏 𝟐𝟓 𝟖 𝟏𝟕
𝒙+ = − = =
𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔

𝟓 𝟐 𝟏𝟕 𝟓 𝟏𝟕
𝒙+ = 𝒙+ =±
𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟒 𝟏𝟔

𝟓 𝟏𝟕 𝟓 ± 𝟏𝟕
𝒙=− ± ⸫𝒙=
Ramesh Bandari
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Now consider the equation x2 - 3x + 1 = 0.

Here coefficient of x2 is 1. Now make x coefficient as 2a.b form
𝟐 𝟑
We get 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐 . 𝒙. 𝟑 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 𝒙𝟐 −𝟐. 𝒙. = −𝟏
𝟐
(Transfer constant term LHS to RHS)
𝟑 𝟐
Now add on both sides,
𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟗 𝟗 𝟒 𝟓
we get 𝒙 − 𝟐. 𝒙. +
𝟐
= −𝟏 𝒙− = −𝟏 = =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝟑 𝟐 𝟓 𝟑 𝟓
𝒙− = 𝒙− =±
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
(since take square root both sides)
𝟑 𝟓
𝒙= ± ⸫𝒙=
𝟑± 𝟓
Ramesh Bandari 𝟐 𝟐
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LHS RHS Solution

Quadratic 𝒄 𝒃 𝟐 𝟐
a b c 𝒙+
𝒃 𝒃 𝒄 𝒃
x=− ±
𝒃 𝟐 𝒄
Equation 𝒂 𝟐𝒂 𝟐𝒂 𝟐𝒂
−
𝒂 𝟐𝒂 𝟐𝒂
−
𝒂

x2 + 4x – 4 = 0 1 4 – 4 – 4 2 𝒙+𝟐 𝟐
22 + 4 x=–2± 8
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟏
2x2 + 5x + 1 = 0 2 5 1 𝒙+ − x=–2± 8
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟐
𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝟗 𝟑± 𝟓
x2 – 3x + 1 = 0 1 – 3 1 1 − 𝒙− −𝟏 x=
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐

Note : 1. If coefficient of x is positive then we choose LHS as (a + b)2.

2. If coefficient of x is negative then we choose LHS as (a – b)2.
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From the above examples we can deduce the following algorithm

for completing the square.
Algorithm:
Let the quadratic equation be ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a ≠ 0)
Step-1: Divide each side by ‘a’
𝒄
Step-2 : Rearrange the equation so that constant term is on the RHS
𝒂
𝟏 𝒃 𝟐
Step-3 : Add to both sides to make LHS, a perfect square.
𝟐 𝒂

Step-4 : Write the LHS as a square and simplify the RHS.

i.e., 𝑥 + = −
Step-5 : Solve it. Ramesh Bandari
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Observation/Result:
Solve various quadratic equations by making squares as described
above and obtain the solutions by completing the square.
Reference Books:
Tenth class Mathematics Text book.

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