R

TE

9
P

Ray Optics and Optical

CHA

Instruments

5. Find the value of the angle of emergence from the prism.

Reflection of Light and Refractive index of the glass is 3 . (2021)
Spherical Mirrors

1. An object is placed on the principal axis of a concave mirror

at a distance of 1.5 f (f is the focal length). The image will
be at, (2020-Covid)
a. 1.5f b. – 1.5f 60°
c. 3f d. –3f
a. 30° b. 45°
2. An object is placed at a distance of 40 cm from a concave
mirror of focal length 15 cm. If the object is displaced through c. 90° d. 60°
a distance of 20 cm towards the mirror, the displacement of the 6. A thin prism having refracting angle 10° is made of glass of
image will be:  (2018) refractive index 1.42. This prism is combined with another
a. 30 cm towards the mirror thin prism of glass of refractive index 1.7. This combination
b. 36 cm away from the mirror produces dispersion without deviation. The refracting angle
c. 30 cm away the mirror of second prism should be: (2017-Delhi)
d. 36 cm towards the mirror
a. 6° b. 8°
3. Match the corresponding entries of column-I with column-I.
c. 10° d. 4°
[where m is the magnification produced by the mirror]
 (2016 - I)
Column-I Column-II
Real and Apparent Depths
(A) m = –2 (1) Convex mirror
1
(B) m=− (2) Concave mirror 7. An air bubble in a glass slab with refractive index 1.5
2
(near normal incidence) is 5 cm deep when viewed from
(C) m = +2 (3) Real image
one surface and 3 cm deep when viewed from the opposite
(D) m= 2/ 3 (4) Virtual image surface. The thickness (in cm) of the slab is: (2016 - II)
a. A → 2 and 3; B → 2 and 3; C → 2 and 4; D → 1 and 4 a. 12 b. 16
b. A → 1 and 3; B → 1 and 4; C → 1 and 2; D → 3 and 4
c. 8 d. 10
c. A → 1 and 4; B → 2 and 3; C → 2 and 4; D → 2 and 3
d. A → 3 and 4; B → 2 and 4; C → 2 and 3; D → 1 and 4

Total Internal Reflection

Refraction Through Glass Slab and Critical Angle
and Lateral Shift
8. Two transparent media A and B are separated by a plane
4. A light ray falls on a glass surface of refractive index 3, at boundary. The speed of light in those media are 1.5 × 108
an angle 60°. The angle between the refracted and reflected m/s and 2.0 × 108 m/s, respectively. The critical angle for a
rays would be: (2022) ray of light for these two media is: (2022)
a. 120° b. 30° a. tan (0.750)
–1
b. sin (0.500)
–1

c. 60° d. 90° d. sin–1(0.750) d. tan–1(0.500)

106 Chapter & Topicwise NEET PYQ's PW

9. If the critical angle for total internal reflection from a medium

to vacuum is 45°, then velocity of light in the medium is, Combination of Lenses
 (2020-Covid)
3 14. A convex lens ‘A’ of focal length 20 cm and a concave lens
a. × 108 m/s b. 2 × 108 m/s
2 ‘B’ of focal length 5 cm are kept along the same axis with a
c. 3 × 108 m/s d. 1.5 × 108 m/s distance ‘d’ between them. If a parallel beam of light falling
10. In total internal reflection when the angle of incidence is on ‘A’ leaves ‘B’ as a parallel beam, then the distance ‘d’ in
equal to the critical angle for the pair of media in contact, cm will be: (2021)
what will be angle of refraction?  (2019) a. 15 b. 50
a. 180° c. 30 d. 25
b. 0° 15. Two similar thin equi-convex lenses, of focal length f each,
c. Equal to angle of incidence are kept coaxially in contact with each other such that the
focal length of the combination is F1. When the space between
d. 90°
the two lenses is filled with glycerine (which has the same
11. A beam of light consisting of red, green and blue colors refractive index (μ = 1.5) as that of glass) then the equivalent
is incident on a right angled prism. The refractive index of focal length is F2 . The ratio F1 : F2 will be : (2019)
the material of the prism for the above red, green and blue
a. 2 : 1 b. 1 : 2
wavelengths are 1.39, 1.44 and 1.47, respectively
c. 2 : 3 d. 3 : 4
16. Two identical glass (µg = 3/2) equiconvex lenses of focal
length f each are kept in contact. The space between the two
lenses is filled with water (µw = 4/3). The focal length of the
combination is: (2016 - II)
a. 4f/3 b. 3f/4
c. f/3 d. f
The prism will: (2015 Pre) 17. Two identical thin plano-convex glass lenses (refractive
a. Separate the red color part from the green and blue colors index 1.5) each having radius of curvature of 20 cm are
b. Separate the blue color part from the red and green colors placed with their convex surfaces in contact at the center.
The intervening space is filled with oil of refractive index
c. Separate all the three colors from one another
1.7. The focal length of the combination is: (2015)
d. Not separate the three colors at all
a. –25 cm b. –50 cm
c. 50 cm d. –20 cm
Refraction at Spherical Surfaces
12. A plano-convex lens of unknown material and unknown
focal length is given. With the help of a spherometer we can
Refraction Through Prism and
measure the, (2020-Covid) Dispersion Through Prism
a. Radius of curvature of the curved surface
b. Aperture of the lens
18. A ray is incident at an angle of incidence i on one surface
c. Refractive index of the material of a small angle prism (with angle of prism A) and emerges
d. Focal length of the lens normally from the opposite surface. If the refractive index of
the material of the prism is m, then the angle of incidence is
nearly equal to : (2020)
Lens Formula and a.
2A
b. mA
Lens Maker’s Formula µ
2A A
c. d.
13. A plano-convex lens fits exactly into a planoconcave lens. 2 2µ
Their plane surfaces are parallel to each other. If lenses are 19. The refractive index of the material of a prism is 2 and the
made of different materials of refractive indices μ1 and μ2 angle of the prism is 30º. One of the two refracting surfaces
and R is the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the of the prism is made a mirror inwards, by silver coating.
lenses, then the focal length of the combination is: (2013) A beam of monochromatic light entering the prism from
a. 2R b. R the other face will retrace its path (after reflection from the
( µ 2 − µ1 ) 2 ( µ1 + µ 2 ) silvered surface) if its angle of incidence on the prism is:
 (2018)
R R
c. d. a. 30º b. 45º
2 ( µ1 − µ 2 ) ( µ1 − µ 2 ) c. 60º d. Zero
Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 107

20. The angle of incidence for a ray of light at a refracting 26. A person can see clearly objects only when they lie between
surface of a prism is 45°. The angle of prism is 60°. If the 50 cm and 400 cm from his eyes. In order to increase the
ray suffers minimum deviation through the prism, the angle maximum distance of distinct vision to infinity, the type and
of minimum deviation and refractive index of the material power of the correcting lens, the person has to use, will be:
of the prism respectively, are: (2016 - I)  [RC] (2016 - II)
1 a. Concave, – 0.2 diopter b. Convex, + 0.15 diopter
a. 45°; b. 30°; 2
2 c. Convex, + 2.25 diopter d. Concave, – 0.25 diopter
1 27. For a normal eye, the cornea of eye provides a converging
c. 45°; 2 d. 30°;
2 power of 40 D and the least converging power of the eye lens
21. The refracting angle of a prism is A, and refractive index of behind the cornea is 20 D. Using this information, the distance
the material of the prism is cot(A/2). The angle of minimum between the retina and the cornea of eye lens can be estimated
deviation is: (2015) to be: [RC] (2013)
a. 180­° – 2A b. 90° – A a. 1.5 cm b. 5 cm
c. 180° + 2A d. 180° – 3A c. 2.5 cm d. 1.67 cm

22. The angle of a prism is A. One of its refracting surfaces is

silvered. Light rays falling at an angle of incidence 2A on Simple and Compound Microscope
the first surface returns back through the same path after
suffering reflection at the silvered surface. The refractive 28. If the focal length of objective lens is increased then
index μ, of the prism is: (2014) magnifying power of: (2014)
a. 2sin A b. 2 cos A a. Microscope will increase but that of telescope decrease
c. 1/2 cos A d. tan A b. Microscope and telescope both will increase
c. Microscope and telescope both will decrease
d. Microscope will decrease but that of telescope will
Natural Phenomenon increase

23. Pick the wrong answer in the context with rainbow. (2019)
a. When the light rays undergo two internal reflections in a Telescope
water drop, a secondary rainbow is formed
b. The order of colours is reversed in the secondary rainbow 29. A lens of large focal length and large aperture is best suited
c. An observer can see a rainbow when his front is towards as an objective of an astronomical telescope since: (2021)
the sun a. a large aperture contributes to the quality and visibility of
d. Rainbow is a combined effect of dispersion refraction and the images.
reflection of sunlight b. a large area of the objective ensures better light gathering
power.
c. a large aperture provides a better resolution.
Defects of Vision and d. all of the above.
Power of Lens 30. An astronomical telescope has objective and eyepiece of
focal length 40 cm and 4 cm respectively. To view an object
200 cm away from the objective, the lenses must be separated
24. A biconvex lens has radii of curvature, 20 cm each. If the by a distance:  (2016 - I)
refractive index of the material of the lens is 1.5, the power
a. 37.3 cm b. 46.0 cm
of the lens is : (2022)
c. 50.0 cm d. 54.0 cm
a. Infinity b. +2D
c. +20D d. +5D 31. In an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment a straight
black line of length L is drawn on inside part of objective
25. The power of a biconvex lens is 10 dioptre and the radius of lens. The eye-piece forms a real image of this line. The length
curvature of each surface is 10 cm. Then the refractive index of this image is I. The magnification of the telescope is:
of the material of the lens is, (2020-Covid)  (2015 Pre)
9 5
a. b. a. L b. L + 1
8 3 I I
3 4 L +1
c.
2
d.
3 c. L − 1 d.
I I −1
108 Chapter & Topicwise NEET PYQ's PW

a. 30 cm from the lens, it would be a real image.

Miscellaneous b. 30 cm from the plane mirror, it would be a virtual image.
c. 20 cm from the plane mirror, it would be a virtual image.
32. A point object is placed at a distance of 60 cm from a d. 20 cm from the lens, it would be a real image.
convex lens of focal length 30 cm. If a plane mirror were
33. A beam of light from a source L is incident normally on a
put perpendicular to the principal axis of the lens and at a
plane mirror fixed at a certain distance x from the source. The
distance of 40 cm from it, the final image would be formed beam is reflected back as a spot on a scale placed just above
at a distance of:(2021) the source L. When the mirror is rotated through a small angle
θ, the spot of the light is found to move through a distance
y on the scale. The angle θ is given by: (2017-Delhi)
x
a. y b.
x 2y

c. x d. y
60 cm 40 cm
y 2x

Answer Key
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
d b a d d a a c a d a a d a b b b
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
b b b a b c d c d d d d d a c d

Explanations
1. (d) u = – 1.5 f 4. (d)
from mirror formula
60°
1 1 1 µ=1
+ =
u v f 60°
1 1 −1 Air
+ =
−1.5f v f
90°
1 −1 1 µ= 3
⇒ = +
v f 1.5f
1 −1.5 + 1 −0.5
⇒
= = ⇒ v = –3f
v 1.5f 1.5f r = 30°
1 1 1 As the reflected and refracted rays are perpendicular
2. (b) Applying + =
v u f therefore angle of incidence is equal to Brewster’s angle.
1 1 1
u=
−40 ⇒ − = ⇒ tan i P = µ = 3
v 40 −15
⇒ v = –24 cm ...(i) iP = 60° = i
Now u = – 20 5. (d) P
1 1 1
⇒ − = − ⇒v= −60 ...(ii)
v 20 15 R
30°

From Eq. (i) and (ii) ∠i = 0°

r1
Image moves 36 cm away from mirror Q r2
3. (a) A → 2 and 3; B → 2 and 3; e
60°
C → 2 and 4; D → 1 and 4.
Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 109

In DPQR
⇒ ∠PRQ + ∠RQP + ∠QPR = 180°
⇒ 90° + ∠RQP + 30° = 180° ⇒ ∠RQP + 120° = 180° 10. (d)
⇒ ∠RQP = 180° – 120° = 60°
 ∠RQR + r2 = 90° ⇒ r2 = 90° – 60° = 30°
⇒ r2 = 30° At i = ic, refracted ray grazes with the surface.
Using snell’s law, So angle of refraction is 90°.
sin i µ air 1 1
⇒ = 11. (a) =
µ = = 2 1.414
=
sin r µ prism sin i c sin 450
sin r2 1 sin 30 1  (µ
= 1.39 ) < µ, µ v > µ; µ g > µ
⇒ =⇒ = red
sin e 3 sin e 3 Only red colour will not suffer total internal reflection
3  3 12. (a) Spherometer is a device used to measure the radius of
⇒ e sin −1  =
= sin e ⇒ =  ⇒ e sin −1 ( sin 60° )
2  2  curvature of the curved surface.
⇒ e = 60°
6. (a) For dispersion without deviation 13. (d)
δ1 – δ2 = 0
δ1 = δ2
1 1 1
A1[μ1 – 1] = A2 [μ2 – 1] Equivalent focal length is given by = +
f eq f1 f 2
10[1.42 – 1] = A2 [1.7 – 1]
1 1 1   1 1
10 × 0.42 = A2 × 0.7 = ( µ1 − 1)  −  + ( µ 2 − 1)  − 
f eq  ∞ −R   −R ∞ 
A2 = 6°
R
⇒ f eq =
µ1 − µ 2

7. (a) 14. (a) Required ray diagram is given below:

Apparent depth of bubble from one surface,

fCX = 5
x cm
= 5 cm ... ( i ) d
µ fCX = 20 cm

Real depth of the bubble from other surface, Given,

−x
= 3 cm ... ( ii ) fCX = 20 cm and fCV = 5 cm
µ
Required distance between both lens is given as below;
From Eqs. (i) and (ii)
d = fCX – fCV
l = (5 + 3)μ = 12 cm
d = 20 – 5
c 1 d = 15 cm
8. (c) µ= ⇒u∝
u µ
µ R vd 1.5 3 3
⸪ sini=
c = = = ⇒ ic = sin −1  
µD vr 2 4 4
1
9. (a) sin θ = 15. (b)
µ
1 1 1
=
µ = = = 2
sin θ sin 45°  1 
 
 2
c c 3 × 108 1 1 1 2
µ= ⇒ v= = m/sec Equivalent focal length in air = + =
v m 2 F1 f f f
110 Chapter & Topicwise NEET PYQ's PW

Now
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
= + + ⇒ = + −
f f1 f 2 f 3 f 40 40 100
⇒ f = –50 cm

18. (b)

When glycerin is filled inside, glycerin lens behaves like a

diverging lens of focal length (–f) Formula of deviation,
1 1 1 1 1 F 1 s=i+e–A
= + − = ⇒ 1= and r1 + r2 = A
F2 f f f f F2 2
r2 = O
r1 = A
Apply snell’s law
sin1 = μ sinr1
for small angle (r1 = A)
16. (b) i = μA
19. (b) r2 = 0 (for retracing)
A = r1 + r2 ⇒ r1 = 30º
Applying Snell’s law
1 × sin i =2 sin 30o
R 1
f=
1 f=
3 = R= f ( given ) ⇒ sin =i ⇒ i= 45o
3  2
2  − 1
2  20. (b)
−R −3 −3
f2
= = = R f
4  2 2
2  − 1
3 
1 1 1 1 1  2  1 1 4 3f
= + + = +− + ⇒ = ⇒ f eq =
f eq f1 f 2 f 3 f  3f  f f eq 3f 4
δin = 2i – A
= 2(45°) – 60° = 30°
 A + δin 
sin   sin 45 1/ 2
17. (b)  2= 
=µ = = 2
sin A sin 30 1/2
2
δ +A
sin  m 
From Lens Maker’s formula  2 
21. (a) µ =
A
1  1 1  sin  
= ( µ − 1)  −  2
f  R1 R 0 
 µ =cot ( A / 2 )
R1 = 20
δ +A
R0 = ∞ sin  m 
( )
cot A =  2 
We have
1 1
(1.5 − 1)   =
=
1 2 sin A
2 ( )
f1 20
  40
A
1 1 1 2( )  δ
cos A = sin  m
+

(1.5 − 1)   =
=  2 
f2 20
  40
 A δ + A  δm + A
1 2 −7 sin 90 −  =
sin  m  ⇒ 90° − A/2 = 2
& (1.7 1)   =
=−  2  2 
f3  −20  100
⇒ δm = 180° – 2A
Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 111

Distance between the retina and the cornea eye must be equal
to focal length.
1
=f = m 1.67 cm
60
22. (b) LD 1
28. (d) Magnifying power of Microscope
= ∝
f 0f e f 0
f0
Magnifying power of Telescope= ∝ f0
fe
fo
29. (d) The magnifying power is given by, M.P = and
fe
i=2A
d
μ1 = 1  [∴ Assumed the outer medium is = air resolving power is given by, R.P. = .
1.22 λ
μ1 = μ  ∴ Refractive index of prism] Here, both magnifying power and resolving power is directly
r = refractive angle proportional to focal length of objective lens and also on
Apply Snell’s law, PQ diameter of the lens. And both focal length and diameter
μ1 sin i = μ2 sin r are fundamental characteristics for construction of objective
lens. And large focal length and large diameter gives large
1 × sin 2A = μ sin A [sin 2A = 2sin A cosA] aperture which in turn allows more light to enter or in other
μ = 2 cosA words ensures better light gathering power and also provides
23. (c) Rainbow can’t be observed when observer faces towards better resolution and good quality and visibility of the images
sun as it forms in the direction opposite of sun. are formed.

24. (d) R1 = R2 = 20 cm = 0.2 m

and µ = 1.5
30. (d)
1  1 1 
As, P = = (µ − 1)  − 
f  R1 R 2 
+
R1 = +20 cm R2 = –20 cm Using lens formula for objective lens
1 1 1
− =
v0 u 0 f 0
1 1 1
= +
v0 u 0 f 0
 3  1 1 
P =−
 1  +  = + 5D 1 1 1
 2   0.2 0.2  = −
V0 40 200
100 100
25. (c) Power (P)= ⇒ f= = 10 cm 5 − 1length
f 100 Tube ⇒V =  V0 + f e = 50 + 4 = 54 cm
= 0 = 50 cm
R 10 200
=f ⇒
= 10 1 3
2 ( µ − 1) 2 ( µ − 1) ⇒ ( µ − 1)= 2 ⇒ µ= 2

1 1 1 31. (a)
26. (d) Lens formula and sign convention= = −
f v u
As we want to correct myopia. So, far point must go to
infinity.
v = –4m, u = –∞, P = ? Magnification of telescope,
1 1 1 1 1 f
P= = − = − M= 0
f v u −4 ∞ fe
−1 25 f0 I
P =× −0.25 dioptre
= Here = −
4 25 fe + u L
(–) Implies concave mirror
fe I f I
27. (d) For a normal eye, rays coming from infinity should go ⇒ =
− ⇒ e =
fe − ( f0 + fe ) L f0 L
the retina without effort when we look at infinity, lens offers
minimum power and hence combination gives 40 D + 20 D L
= 60 D. Therefore M =
I
112 Chapter & Topicwise NEET PYQ's PW

32. (c) Applying lens formula for the formation of first image, 1 1 1 1 1 1
− =⇒ = =
after refracting from convex lens. v2 u 2 f v 2 (−20) 30
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
− = ⇒ =− =
− ⇒ =
−
v 2 u1 f v 2 30 20 60 v 60
2

u1 = –60 cm [Given object is at distance of ⇒ v2 =

−60cm
 60 cm in front of convex lens] i.e., final virtual image is at 60 cm from lens and
f = 30 cm 20 cm from the mirror as shown is ray diagram:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
⇒ − = ⇒ = − =
v1 ( −60 ) 30 v1 30 60 60

⇒ v1 = 60 cm I3
I2
i.e., first image will formed 60 cm behind the convex lens. [final image]
This real image formed by lens acts as virtual object for 20 cm 20
cm
mirror.
60 cm

O1 I1
I2
33. (d)
20
60 cm 40 cm cm
60 cm
The real image (I2) formed in front of plane mirror. It is 20 y
tan 2θ =
cm from the plane mirror. That means, it will also be 20 cm x
from lens. y
2θ =
x
Again, applying lens law for second refraction from lens
y
θ=
u2 = –20 cm, f = 30 cm, v2 = ? 2x